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冷氣天書
edited by 肥鳩欣哥哥
計數 part
a. 計 CO2 最後濃度

計之前條件
E =0 (no filtration)
Cv=0 (clean outside air)
Co =0( no absorption)
Qa =0(no absorption)

計嘅 component
1. Co =initial concentration of the area
單位 =??? 10^-6 (???ppm = ??? 10^-6)

2. Cv =outdoor/fresh air concentration

單位 =??? 10^-6 (???ppm = ??? 10^-6)

3. G= production rate of pollutant (舊嘢所產生 CO2)

單位 =??? m3/h (L/s /1000 x 3600 = m3/h)

4. Qv =fresh air supply/air ventilation rate (室外所提供的鮮風)

單位 =??? m3/h (L/s /1000 x 3600 = m3/h)

V =volume of room
單位 = m3

ACH =Qv/V

% to ppm (???% x10^4 = 1ppm)

Per person/per person (約數)
冇 per person/冇 per person (約數)
冇 per person 就乘番人(let p)

Steady state:
CvQv + G/Qv
b. Air ventilation rate calculation

Step1: 查表搵 Rp 同 Ra
Vbz = Rp x ??? person + Ra x ??? area(m2) (unit L/s)

Step2: 將 Vbz 除番人數

Changed to??? L/s person

Step3: 攞 default values 做比較

Compare Vbz(calculated in above) with combined outdoor air flow
If Vbz>combined outdoor air flow, use Vbz
If Vbz<combined outdoor air flow, use combined outdoor air flow
c. 計 VAV mixing air temperature

Step1: plot 圖
(右邊)

Step2: 列式
For cold air:
mc = s Tr + Cc ………(1)
For warm air:
mh = -s Tr + Ch ……..(2)

Step3: sup 數
m = mass flow rate
s= slope (warm air= -s, cold air= +s)
Tr= room temperature
C= constant

Step4: 計 constant, room temperatures 同 s

a = sN +Cc ………(3)
b=-sM +Ch……….(4)

Let cold air mass flow rate=0, mc =0

0 =sTr1+Cc ……….(5)
(睇題目 min flow supply) = -sTr1+Ch ……(6)

[(3)-(5)]+[(4)-(6)]
計到 Tr1 再計 Cc, Ch

Find Cc=???, Ch=???, s=???, Tr1= ???

Step5: sup 數搵 Tr2

用(2)式: mh = -s Tr2 + Ch ……..(2)
Let warm air mass flow rate=0, mh =0
Sup s=??? (上面計咗)
Sup Ch=??? (上面計咗)
最後就搵到 Tr2
d. sound

r =distance from the source to measuring point(m)

S =total surface area (m2)
R =room constant (overall sound absorption area) (m2)
(αi =Ai/Si) mean absorption coefficient (no unit)
Total room absorption: A = S1 α1 + S2 α2 + .. + Sn αn (m2)
S1 α1 (m2)
V = volume
Lw= ???dBA

Total sound pressure level (當有二個 sound pressure level)

e. 計 VAV maximum and minimum supply air flow, volume flow ratios (VER)

Interoir zone:
Step1: 計 interoir zone 凍風

Use above equation to calculate the volume flow rate of supply air only
Max. supply volume flow: Vsimax
Min. supply volume flow: Vsimin

perimeter zone:
Step1: 計 perimeter zone 凍風

p =1.02
Max. supply volume flow: Vcmax
Min. supply volume flow: Vcmin

Step2: 計 damper air leakage

K =???% Ratio:

Step3: 計 mix 風
Vsxmax = Vcmax + Vad + KVcmax
Vsxmin = Vcmin + Vad + KVcmin

Max. cooling load:

Vxp Δh = mΔh
V =max volume flow rate (Vsimax + Vcmax)
 f. Heat recovery system

Outdoor air Entering (supply) Outdoor air leaving (supply), -purge air

exhaust air Leaving, +purge air

exhaust air entering

Step1: 搵 h1 and h3 (use psy chart)

Step2:搵 mass flow rate

Use psy chart to find v1 and v2 (specific volume)
V/v = mass flow rate

For supply air stream:

Sensible heat efficiency = ms(t1 - ts) / ms(t1 - t3)
Total heat efficiency = ms(h1 - hs) / ms(h1 - h3)

For exhaust air stream:

Sensible heat efficiency = me(te - t3) / ms(t1 - t3)
Total heat efficiency = me(he - h3) / ms(h1 - h3)

Final: plot 圖
 Total heat rejection

F. HRF and THR

Qrc = cooling load

Pin = power input of compressor
計錢 = (All equipment(???%) + power input of compressor) X kWh

Heat rejected to cooling tower: THR – heating load for perimeter zone

題型: Compare Scheme A and Scheme B

Step1: 計錢 scheme A
Use HRF to calculate the power input of compressor
Use % to calculate the power input of all equipment
(All equipment (???%) + power input of compressor) X kWh

Step2: (if it is heating equipment)

Use heating load x kWh to calculate the money
Scheme A – Scheme B or Scheme B – Scheme A
Compare which is cheaper to determine which will be used.

Heat pump:
Power input to compressor = Heat produced at condenser - Heat absorbed at evaporator

The coefficient of performance of heat pump or something:

CoP = Heat produced at condenser / Power input to compressor
G. spring
Step 1:
Isolation efficiency = 1-Transmissibility
find the transmissibility
Step 2:
Method A: using chart to find static deflection (x)(unit:m)
Plot the transmissibility and speed of machine to find out the static deflection

Calculation of stiffness of spring

Step1: calculate force per mount:
mg/n = F (unit: N)
noted: m = mass of object(kg), g = 9.81(gravity), n = number of spring mounts

Step2: stiffness
F/x = k (unit: N/m)
F = force per mount (found in step1)
x = static deflection (found in above chart)
k = stiffness of spring (unit: N/m)
Method B: calculation to find out static deflection (x)
Frequency of the machine : fd = ???(rpm)/60(minute to second)= ???Hz
Plot the transmissibility and damping ratio to find out the ratio

Damping Ratio
Ratio= fn/fd
Find the fn

Find the static deflection

Step 3:
mg=kx
find out the k(N/m)
H. Noise: Dose

1. 計 noise dose hour, 幾多個鐘 dose

dose 嘅標準: 連續 8 個鐘聽 90dBA 就 dose.

用上面 equation 計幾多個鐘 dose

L = ???dBA, T = time (unknown)

2. Average dBA
Equation: 10 log 10 ¿ ¿
T = t1 + t2 +……… (unit Hr)
t -= time for each noise level
SPL = each sound pressure level (dBA)

3. Percentage of dBA (limiting dose)

C = exposure time for each sound level

T = permissible time of exposure based on 90dBA for 8 hours according to ISO rule ( referring to point 1)
D>100% = fail
D<100% = fulfil requirement