Arduino Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language FSL Into Speech and Text

Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL)
Into Speech and Text
A Research Study
Presented to
The High School Faculty of
Luis Palad Integrated High School
City of Tayabas, Quezon
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
RESEARCH IV
Authors:
Cabile, Charnel Faye S. Absulio, Marco Alejandro C.
Cabuyao, Lara Chantel T. De Torres, Gemila Coleen G.
Glorioso, Bea Venice A. Eleazar, Demi Anne R.
Nanong, Joy Marian V. Manungay, Jaypee E.
Rondilla, Lemuel John L. Jalbuena, Alixander Joshua J.
Saberola, Krizzshane B.
Ms. Margaret Elaine E. Calvendra

Research Adviser
June 2023
A Research Study of

Entitled
Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL)
Into Speech and Text
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for

RESEARCH IV
in Science Faculty of
Luis Palad Integrated High School
has been approved by the research panel for oral defense
WENDEL R. MAYOR MONICA A. JARDIN LADESSA R. PADUA

Panel Panel Panel
RICHILYN S. PAGANA MARVIN J. ROSALES

Panel Panel
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research IV.
June 15, 2023 MARGARET ELAINE E. CALVENDRA

Date Research Adviser
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation and gratitude to
the following persons who made significant contributions and valuable assistance for the
accomplishment of this research study.
First and foremost, their ultimate gratitude to God, for answering their prayers,
giving them strength, wisdom and courage for making this research possible and
completed.
To their family, this study would not be possible without the help, love and care
of the parents of the researchers, for endlessly supporting them including the financial
needs of the study.
To their research adviser, Ms. Margaret Elaine E. Calvendra, for her
constructive guidance, ongoing support and invaluable scholarly advice throughout their
study.
To the Luis Palad Integrated High School Principal, Dr. Dener G. de los Reyes,
for allowing the researchers to conduct the study.
Finally, to the evaluators, Ms. Monica A. Jardin, Ms. Ladessa R. Padua, Mr.
Wendel R. Mayor, Mrs. Richilyn S. Pagana, and Mr. Marvin J. Rosales, for giving
their time to evaluate and assess the study as well as for the suggestions and
recommendations which helped in strengthening the study.
CFSC LJLR JEM
LCTC MACA KBS
BVAG GCGD
JMVN DARE
DEDICATION
This research study is dedicated to our parents,
our friends, our relatives, teachers and
future researchers and above all
to Almighty God. Thanks be to God.
CFSC LJLR JEM
LCTC MACA KBS
BVAG GCGD
JMVN DARE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………... i
APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………………... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………... iii
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………. v
TABLE ……………………………………………………………………………. vi
FIGURE …………………………………………………………………………... vii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….... viii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………….. 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ……………………………... 3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ……………………………….... 6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY …………………………….... 6
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS …………………………………..... 7
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES …….. 8

RELATED LITERATURE …………………………………….... 8
RELATED STUDIES ………………………………………….... 12
SYNTHESIS ……………………………………………………. 19
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ……………………………………. 20
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ……………………………………… 21
DEFINITION OF TERMS ……………………………………… 23
III. METHODOLOGY …………………………………………….... 24
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT …………………………….. 24
PROCEDURE …………………………………………………… 24
RISK AND SAFETY PROCEDURE …………………………… 26
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA ………………………………… 27
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 30
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ………………………………….... 30
CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………….. 32
RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………………………….. 33
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………… 35
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………….. 40

TABLE
Figure PAGE
1 Age of the target people that will use the device ...................................... 27
2 Time delay of the generated phrases using Arduino Based Gloves ........... 28
FIGURE
Figure Page
1 Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino

Sign Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text .............................................. 20
2 Schematic Diagram of Arduino-Based Gloves Translator

of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text ........................... 21
3 Procedural Flowchart of Arduino-Based Gloves Translator

of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text ........................... 25
ABSTRACT
Title : ARDUINO-BASED GLOVES TRANSLATOR OF

FILIPINO SIGN LANGUAGE (FSL) INTO SPEECH
AND TEXT
Researchers :
Name of Institution : Luis Palad Integrated High School

…………………………… Science-Enhanced Program
Tayabas City
Research Adviser : Ms. Margaret Elaine E. Calvendra
Year Written : 2022-2023
Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text
is a study that utilized quantitative research to enable deaf or mute people to communicate
with individuals who do not comprehend sign language. Deaf people find it difficult to
communicate with people who do not understand sign language. Even people who talk
aloud frequently have a "deaf voice" that they are self-conscious about, which may cause
them to be reluctant. Specifically, the researchers sought to (1) identify the suitable age for
people that will use the device depending on their hand size, (2) determine which
innovative design is suitable for the arduino-based gloves, (3) generate basic phrases for
communication using Arduino Based Gloves, and (4) identify the processing time of
selected phrases required by the Arduino Nano. The researchers considered hand sizes,
processing time, similar hand gestures that are difficult to identify, and the material utilized
to build the glove. The materials that were used by the researchers in the Arduino Based
Gloves are Arduino Nano, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, Flex Sensor, Battery Management
System, Resistor 10k ohm. The researchers discovered that the gloves were only available
for a specified age range and that the phrases were limited. From January 2023 to June
2023, the research was conducted at Tayabas City, Luis Palad Integrated High School.
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Sign language allows a person who is deaf to communicate. Body language
includes facial movements, hand and body gestures, and fingers. The visual conveyance
of information between deaf people during a spontaneously expressed sign language
conversation is precise. According to a 2015 study from De La Salle University in
Manila, Philippines, sign language is especially beneficial to people who are deaf or have
trouble speaking. Currently, 54% of individuals use Filipino Sign Language. Filipinos
communicate through sign language. Furthermore, FSL is an organized and governed by
rules visual communication that has inexorably grown and now encompasses the cultural
identity of the Filipino signer community. Speaking is just one aspect of communication.
Communicating has become a huge difficulty for individuals, particularly when it comes
to their everyday need to communicate with human beings. Hand signals are used as a
way of communication by people who have difficulty hearing or speaking, but they are
only effective if the other person understands them (Verdadero et al, 2019).
For thousands of Filipinos in various communities FSL is widely used throughout
the Philippines (Eberhard et al., 2020). Embracing the "FSL is distinguished by a
hierarchically organized cultural identity of the Filipino community of signers." The
speech framework was based on physical signs and nonverbal communications that add
vital language information layers (Martinez, 2012). Due to the de jure status of FSL and
its trajectory to become the official language of instruction in Philippine public schools
1
for the deaf, there is a knowledge gap regarding FSL that needs to be urgently filled
through linguistic research. This misconception is partly the result of the paucity of
sociolinguistic, typological, and structural research on FSL.
For a long time, the Deaf were pushed to the margins, which not only contributed
to a derogatory culture but also kept them out of most aspects of Philippine society. A
shift in perspective about deafness spreads on its own in such a historical environment.
As a result, deafness is increasingly being recognized as "a language standpoint beyond
just a disability perspective" as well as a disability issue (Notarte-Balanquit, 2021).
The R.A. recently recognized Filipino Sign Language as the national visual-
gestural language of the Philippines.The FSL Act of 2018, also known as Article 1106,
has expanded the subject matter of academic discussion on deafness and, more
importantly, has made room for FSL to exist and develop as a language system essential
to the creation of Filipino Deaf identity and a natural language of the deaf (L.N.
Balanquit, 2021).
According to Rajaganapathy et al (2015), the introduction of Microsoft Kinect,a
motion-detecting gaming device, and its SDK (Software Development Kit).On the other
hand, as technology advances, humans want flexibility in how they use their systems and
machinery.The complexity of translating sign language to speech is now being explored
and reduced using a variety of modulations and techniques. The study has been proposed
to minimize all of those complexions while attaining optimum efficiency in from speech
to sign translation with motions. Individual gestures are an important part of interpersonal
2
interaction and the character of human movements known as body language. Human
gestures can be tracked using a variety of techniques.
Background of the Study

The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that the deaf community is one of
the largest groups of persons with disabilities, with about 430 million people worldwide
needing rehabilitation for hearing impairments. Santo Tomas University's (UST) Faculty
of Medicine and Surgery claims that 15% of Filipinos have moderate to severe hearing
loss by 2020. In terms of work and other types of economic opportunity, deaf people in
this country have few options. Concerns about equal access to industrial possibilities
have been pervasive among many Filipino Deaf people countrywide, as seen during the
study's volunteer work with the Deaf community in many provinces over the previous ten
years.
It becomes difficult for speech and hearing-impaired people to communicate
because they use sign language, hence, more complex for ordinary people to understand.
Speech-impaired people can interact using sign language. In addition, it is a language in
which meaning is expressed through hand gestures and movement; it also involves the
expression of thoughts, ideas, and messages. In the Philippines, one of the sign languages
used is Filipino Sign Language (FSL). It was legally acknowledged by law in 2018. FSL
is regarded as the official deaf language in the Philippines. It is also more natural since
sign language allows Deaf individuals to connect, engage in conversation, and grasp the
concepts more easily.
3
Due to our 7,641 islands, there are so many different signs. Sign language has
been used in the Philippines since 1604. The Philippines Federation of the Deaf published
"Filipino Sign Language: A Compilation of Signs from the Regions of the Philippines" in
2005. Because of its early use in Filipino Deaf education, ASL was incorporated into
FSL, which continues to be used nowadays. Finally, FSL progressed from the
complicated interplay of Deaf Filipinos communicating in SEE, ASL, and FSL. The
World Federation of the Deaf (WFD) estimates that there are 70 million deaf individuals
who communicate exclusively using sign language worldwide. Every nation has one or
two sign languages, and the majority of the vote has linguistic roots in spoken languages.
For a very long time, the deaf have remained on the margins, which has separated
them from the bulk of Philippine society and helped to maintain a culture of derogation.
A shift in perspective about deafness naturally spreads in such a historical context. As a
result, deafness is no longer recognized as a disability but rather as a linguistic issue in
most nations. The designation of Filipino Sign Language by R.A. as the official visual-
gestural language of the nation is a recent development (the FSL Act of 2018 P.L.
11106).
With a breakthrough sign language translator, opportunities that were previously
unavailable to the deaf community will become a reality. Engineers at Michigan State
University developed and patented a technique. Biyi Fang, a doctoral student, and Jillian
Co, an undergraduate, saw an opportunity to help the community of the hearing-impaired
and deaf overcome the communication barrier with the hearing majority. In order to
quickly convert signals into English, Zhang's invention, DeepASL, uses a sophisticated
instructional - or machine learning - algorithm that draws data from the structure and
4
function of the brain. The system uses a three-inch sensor from Leap Motion that is
outfitted with camera systems to reliably recognize hand and finger motions.
Translation of many sign languages, and distinctions between sign and spoken
languages are both included in sign language translation (SLT).SLT aims to bridge the
communication gap between those who sign or speak different languages, it approaches
employ sequential algorithms for machine learning. However, gestures in sign language
have been captured using wearable sensors. Galea et al. (2019) recorded electrical
activity produced during an arm motion using electromyography (EMG). Irish sign
language was captured using the Thalmic MYO wristband device. Using a convolutional
neural network (CNN, 2012) and long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture, Zhang et
al. (2019) successfully detected American sign language at the word and sentence levels.
To do this, they used a wearable device to record EMG and inertial measurement unit
(IMU) data.
The Arduino-Based Gloves Translator project aims to establish a simple means of
communication for deaf people. Persons with hearing impairments encounter multiple
issues on a regular basis, which can be infuriating and even heartbreaking. A translator
assists a hearing-impaired person's needs in practically any setting, which can enhance
many aspects of daily living. By bridging the communication gap between those who
can hear and those who cannot, they guarantee that everyone has an equal opportunity.
5
Objectives of the Study
The general purpose of this study is to develop an Arduino based gloves which
translate the Filipino sign language into speech. Specifically, this study sought to fulfill
the following objectives:
1. Identify the suitable age for people that will use the device depending on their
hand size.
2. Generate basic phrases for communication using Arduino Based Gloves, such as:
1.1 Yes 1.5 Now 1.9 Take care
1.2 No 1.6 How are you 1.10 What is your name
1.3 Sorry 1.7 I love you 1.11 Later
1.4 Water 1.8 Time 1.12 Eat
3. Identify the processing time of selected phrases required by the Arduino Nano.
Significance of the Study
This study was undertaken to create an aid for people who have speech or hearing
impairments. Additionally, to develop a smart glove system that can continually
recognize sign language motions and transform those into spoken words, making it easier
for people who are deaf or verbally disabled to collaborate and convey basic ideas.
Country. This study innovates a device to be known as a tool to promote
technological advancements, contributing to the overall progress and reputation of the
country. Also, this inclusivity promotes equal opportunities, social integration, and
accessibility for the deaf community.
6
Speech and Hearing Impaired. This helps individuals to communicate naturally
and this will help them understand and be understood. It also assists persons with hearing
impairments by recognizing and interpreting the user's signs into speech and text.
Community. For many people, this study is a crucial communication aid. This
helps bridge communication gaps between individuals and help them express themselves.
Researchers/Students. This study can help students with future research to serve
as a foundation or tool for information relevant to their study in using arduino and gloves
that translate sign language into speech.
Scope and Limitation
This study entitled Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign
Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text mainly focused on the challenges faced by the
community and deaf people in terms of communication and ways to alleviate the said
problem. The researchers took into consideration the different sizes of hand, processing
time, and same hand gestures that are hard to distinguish. Through this study, the
researchers were able to identify that the gloves were only available for a certain age
range, and the phrases were limited. The study was conducted at Luis Palad Integrated
High School in Tayabas City from January 2023 to June 2023.
7
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This section contains the readings that the researchers used to support the current
research investigation. It also includes relevant research that has been compiled to
enhance the notions of this study.
Related Literature
Sign language is an exclusive technique of interaction offered to deaf individuals.
Yet, due to the public's lack of interest in learning sign language, an enormous disparity
in communication exists between speech- and hearing-impaired individuals and others. In
addition, sign language's intricacy, with its diverse phrase constructions and language
syntax, renders it tough to comprehend. In order to close the discrepancy and foster
harmonious interaction beyond nations, an approach designed for transforming gestures
into voice and vice versa is required, KEC Conference (2018).
According to World Federation of the Deaf and World Health Organization
estimates, around 70 million individuals worldwide are both deaf and mute. Hearing loss
affects 360 million people worldwide, with 32 million of them being children. Sharma et
al. (2013) discovered that the great majority of persons with hearing and speech problems
lack the ability to comprehend words or write in normal languages. The use of sign
language (SL) is a fundamental mode of communication utilized by the deaf and mute.
SL is distinguished by the incorporation of finger shapes, hand motions, and facial
gestures to convey message instead of spoken language.
8
This language contains several hand gestures, terminology, and understanding
challenges. Additionally, abled individuals are inexperienced with sign language, and
disabled people have a very difficult time conversing with people of normal ability. The
lifestyle and social interactions of deaf people are negatively impacted by this
communication, according to Vidur et al 2012. Establishing a circuit diagram with
sensors can be accomplished to create a glove. One advantage of employing a device is it
does not require complex processing of information.
A societal issue and ongoing disparity for people with disabilities is unequal
access to employment. It is really critical to understand the hiring obstacles that prevent
people with disabilities from entering the workforce. People with disabilities may
experience poorer health and wellbeing if they will not participate in paid work.
Additionally, the work environment is emerging, therefore it is important to look into
opportunities that can help people with disabilities find employment in the new job
categories available on the open labor market (Shaw et al., 2012).
In 2015, 6.8% of the population across the world—almost half a billion
individuals—had hearing impairments. These figures are significantly larger than
previous projections, indicating the growing significance of loss of hearing and
worldwide auditory medical assistance. From this study, we discussed the difficulties of
hearing impairment in this review and provided recommendations, together with others,
for decreasing and eventually reversing the continuous growth in this burden. There are
low-cost solutions for avoiding hearing loss, as well as unique opportunities to reduce the
often high treatment costs. Furthermore, a wide global initiative similar to VISION 2020
9
only for hearing may give an overview for support while also promoting the further
efforts required to reduce the load. Success would result in substantial individual and
communal benefits, including contributions to the United Nations' proposed 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development's "healthy lives" and "disability inclusive" objectives
(Wilson et al. 2017).
Development of Assistive Technology

Smart gloves have been created to assist hand and finger movements-based on
human-computer interaction. These devices have not yet achieved widespread adoption
despite many attempts and numerous breakthroughs in related study. However, in recent
years, new gadgets with enhanced features have emerged and are also being used for
studies. Despite the substantial time spent on the development of smart gloves, ongoing
failures to meet the demanding specifications have prevented this technology from
becoming widely used. In any case, interest in research on smart gloves has increased
recently, especially in the commercial sector, and has not significantly reduced. The
development of new initiatives has been fueled by the significant advancements in related
technologies, such as wearables and HMDs. Many commercial smart gloves are generally
available, which is even more captivating is that many research projects are being
established around them.
There are many methods for identifying hand motions using image processing. A
modified SIFT algorithm is used in the "Hand Gesture Recognition System utilizing
Image Processing" to process digital images. The algorithm allows for successful
decoding of sign language. The benefit of utilizing this method is its quick processing
10
time, which can deliver results immediately. Even though the proposed solution is quick,
it also needs pricey materials (Caeiro-Rodríguez, et al 2021).
A group of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges Electrical Engineering students
transformed Filipino Sign Language into English speech, according to an article from
Nylon Manila, 2021. The college students who created the gloves provided a
demonstration of the invention in a video presentation that was shared on Facebook.
Along with describing the motivation and ideas behind the gloves, they also went over
their technical characteristics. According to the video presentation, every of those five
digits on the gloves features a tiny, elastic sensor. An MPU-6050 motion tracking device
that detects and recognizes fingers and hand motions. The data is subsequently collected
and transferred to desktop computers to undergo analysis and actual translation over
WiFi. "This project allows people who are deaf or hard of hearing a voice."
History of the Development of Arduino

The initial Arduino board was produced in the classrooms of the Interactive
Design Institute in Ivrea, Italy, in 2005. Hernando Barragan, a Colombian student,
contributed a hardware thesis on wiring design to the Interactive Design Institute. This
thesis was worked on by a team of five developers, and once completed, they're works
focused on creating a more lightweight and cost-effective wiring platform, which could
be accessible to the open-source community (John, 2014). Many universities around the
world have adopted Arduino as a way to introduce students to control automation.
Furthermore, because of its low cost, Arduino is very popular among individuals who
build projects for personal use or as a hobby. According to Armenta (2022), the Arduino
11
environment is user-friendly, making microcontrollers more approachable to the general
public and excellent teaching resources. Starting with Diecimila in 2007, as a result the
first widely dispersed Arduino board, Arduino.cc developed several board designs over
the years. From that point, the Arduino family has expanded to include multiple Atmel
AVR MCU hardware. In terms of the speed of process and board pinout arrangement, the
Due, which was launched in 2012, differs dramatically than the other models of the
series. It is the first Arduino board to use a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 CPU; other boards,
like as the Nano and LilyPad, are primarily intended for portable and wearable
devices.The ATmega32U4, similar to the ATmega328 but has an integrated USB-to-
serial interface component, is used by the most recent Arduino models, such as the
Leonardo, Esplora, Micro, and Yn (Hughes, 2013). It removes the requirement of an
extra IC component that is present on boards such as the Uno and Duemilanove.
Related Studies
According to Bragg, et al. (2019). different individuals find it challenging to
interact and interact with others who have disabilities. Another means of communicating
is sign language. It encompasses a broad spectrum of finger gesture languages, including
American Sign Language, British Sign Language, and a number of additional languages.
Communication through alternative ways, such as sign language, is established with
concern for establishing and carrying out approaches that recognize and place a student's
ability to use (Nussbaum, Waddy-Smith, & Doyle, 2012). Symbolic communication
devices would help individuals who use sign language get beyond such challenges. These
technologies would, for the first time, make voice-activated services accessible to sign
12
language users who are deaf, for instance by training personal help to respond to people
signing. Additionally, they would make text-based systems possible. For instance, by
automatically switching out written text on screens for sign language movies or by
translating sign language content into written searches for search engines.
In India, P. Subha Rajam established a technique under which Image recognition
for sign language motions processing. A camera captures the gesture, and an outline of
the image is formed. The system generates a binary code for the appropriate gesture. In
relation to the finger placements, the binary code corresponds to a text, and the text is
displayed on a screen.
According to E. Flavin,K. Kudrinko, et al.(2020), many studies have made use of
the Microsoft Kinect gaming system. A camera with a depth sensor and an infrared
projector measures the distance connecting an interpreter's finger and the lens. A camera
that uses a depth sensor and an infrared projector to measure the distance between a
signer's hand and the camera. Several investigations made use of the Spring mobility
detection system, which consists of an active camera ocular setup with three laser-led
lights for finger mapping. The Spring mobility detection system and Active camera were
utilized concurrently to record the hands' movements from two angles, resulting in
successful sign language gesture recollection. Lighting, backdrop conditions, shadows,
and camera angle all have an impact on the performance generated by computer optical
programs. Devices used like sensor serves as a foundation of hand sign language systems
for identification including tension detectors, myoware gauges, sensual sensors for
pressure, and sensors that measure inertia such as accelerometers, magnetometers, and
13
gyroscopes. Current technical advancements have allowed for creation of compact and
economical sensors, embedded systems, semiconductors, and power supplies. Sensors are
less affected by environmental factors than camera-based systems. Portable systems are
ideal for mobile and wearable applications because they can store huge amounts of sensor
data.
In this project, a data glove is used to collect a user's hand movements. Smart
gloves with sensors catch the user's movement and turn analog input into digital output
using the voltage divider rule. The movement is then passed to the microcontroller for
further processing. RF transmitter and receiver are now used to communicate gesture
arrays. Recognized motions are compared to pre-fed data, and if they match, they are
passed to the speaker via the speech section (Verma, Ms. n.d. 2014).
Another study from India, (Abhijith Bhaskaran K, et al 2016). Much of our study
has concentrated on the usage of flex sensors to measure finger alignment and the Inertial
Measure for monitoring finger movements in multiple directions. Ambika Gujrati et al.
provides Hand-talk Gloves, which use flex sensors implanted in a mitten to capture hand
motions. Bend detectors, referred to as dynamic capacitors, have an impedance that
varies with their radius of curvature. A microprocessor will interpret the sensor's output
and articulate a phrase linked with the motion. An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is
capable of being employed to recognize finger movements in virtual reality space. The
measurement unit is employed. By affixing an IMU to a human limb, we can track the
action regardless of arbitrary position. Double integration of accelerometer data yields the
14
position. However, they introduce noise and cause drift inaccuracies. Positional values
deviate within short time intervals due to drift.
In a study from Vismaya A. P., Sariga B. P., Keerthana Sudheesh P. C., and
Manjusha T. S.(2020). People who are deaf or mute use sign language as a means of
communication. Sign language combines facial emotions, movement of the hands, arms,
and body, as well as forms and orientations of the hands to fluidly represent the speaker's
thoughts. A non-verbal means of communicating is gesture. Sign language refers to a
collection of hand gestures and facial expressions that represent words. To interact with
individuals who struggle to comprehend these motions, linguistic recognition devices are
used to transform into written or spoken language. These systems often concentrate on
identifying hand configurations, including position, orientation, and movement.
There is no one origin for sign language. Communication becomes difficult due to
the general population's absence of education in hand gestures. It can be quite challenging
to communicate with individuals nearby in an emergency or at other times when a silent
person is traveling or among unfamiliar people. Here, we suggest a smart speaking
system that enables mute persons to communicate with hearing people by using gestures
or hand motions. The primary goal of this paper is to assist individuals in communicating
by using a glove-based interpretation system. The hand talk glove is an ordinary driving
glove made of fabric that has flex sensors on each finger, and along the length of it.
(Ahmed et al. 2018)
According to David, D., Alamoodi, A.H Albahri, O.S. (et al. 2023) as a result of
technological advancements made possible by the increasing use of smartphones, and to
15
bridge the linguistic disparity, diverse sign language programs are being established.
However, there are significant differences between the content quality and the services
and capabilities they provide. If these apps are to have any type of meaningful impact,
evaluation of the content's quality is required. This sort of in-depth analysis will motivate
programmers to put their all into creating new applications, which will enhance software
development and user experience in general. In order to gain a thorough overview of the
study while providing new data for future research, this study employed the method of
systematic literature review (SLR) used in this study to better identify the topic and key
discussion points used in evaluation of smartphone-based sign language apps. Just on the
basis of analysis of linked works, major issues, discussions, and methodological
considerations, these papers were reviewed. Results indicated scarcity concerning
reviews on smartphone gesture-based language apps. The findings provide a new area for
research and development of sign language mobile apps, which will benefit both users
with normal hearing and those who have hearing loss. In addition, both hearing and non-
hearing users will profit from the discoveries, which also present possibilities for future
academic collaborations and app growth collaborations with the field of study of sign
language technology.
A low-cost, high-tech glove created by UCLA researchers may use a smartphone
to translate sign language into written and spoken speech (via Fast Company).
Technology operates real-time with a promising 98.63% accuracy rate while interpreting
660 American Sign Language signs. With this approach, it might be employed to help
deaf individuals interact with hearing people and teach more people who sign language.
Each of the five fingers of the gloves has a stretchy sensor composed of electrically-
16
sensing yarn. The signals are sent to a circuit board the size of a bank note that is attached
to the back of the glove, and it subsequently sends wireless signals to the smartphone.
More to one word per second can be converted into text in real-time by an application of
60 words per minute (Chin, 2020).
The speech impaired employ "Sign-language Interpretation through Motion &
Action Assessment" for social interaction.. It is a language that expresses meaning using
hand gestures and motions. Several investigations have sought to employ gadgets for
identifying hand motions using a combination of a sensor glove, which employs multiple
cameras to evaluate finger stance, or an optical system, that utilizes a camera to figure out
the position of the fingers and movements. The two methods have underlying pros and
cons. To translate Filipino Sign Language for healthcare purposes, this research article
outlines a method incorporating a working model of the sensor glove along with image
processing. The accuracy rate was 80% when ten terms with comparable gestures were
chosen. (Lim et al. 2015).
Sign language interpreters are needed everywhere. In education, social services,
especially health care. However, in the Philippines, most medical workers do not
understand sign language. They serve many people every day, some of whom have
speech impediments. Remember that the most common mistakes in the medical field are
due to misunderstandings. When people from distinct sections of the world interact and
do not speak a common language acquisition, an accredited sign language interpreter can
assist them in communicating. When essential information must be delivered, they are
required. Responsibilities include taking patient histories, diagnosing, delivering medical
17
procedures, discussing treatment options, and responding to crises. Medical sign
language interpreters, on the other hand, are in demand.(Lim et al. 2015).
The idea isn't new to make use of computers to translate sign language into text;
numerous effective systems have been created, however, there aren't many for FSL. All
systems use computer vision to read hand gestures or an equipped gear to detect finger
placement and action. While glove-based systems provide accurate measurements yet
remain incapable of transmitting fingers against bodily position data because of the
inverse evaluation aspect inherent in gear detectors, computer vision approaches
frequently need considerable amounts of computing resources.(Lim et al. 2015) .
Image processing and a data glove are combined in Image processing and a data
glove are combined in Sign-language Interpretation through Motion & Action
Assessment. Sign-language Interpretation using Motion & Action Assessment combines
image processing and a data glove. The basic concept is to make an edge of the inherent
direct reading capability of the DLSU Research Congress Vol. The potential of an
equipped mitt with "merely sufficient" processing of video to provide minimal finger
position information in a reference to the interpreter's body, over time was showcased at
the DLSU Science Conference 2015, which occurred on March 2 to 5, 2015, at the
University of De La Salle in Manila, Philippines. Developing a system that can run
without the need for a cloud while still having computing capability comparable to that of
a smartphone is the ultimate goal. (Lim et al. 2015).
18
Synthesis
According to studies, most people with speech impairments have an unfavorable
opinion towards interactions or encounters with the general public. The majority of
people with any form of speech impediment avoided speaking to others for a number of
reasons, including the fear of being misunderstood or regarded as stupid, being in a noisy
environment, or being out of consideration for the listener. People had the sense that they
did not have the extra time required to speak with those who had speech impediments, or
that they were unwilling to take the time to do so. Sign language is a basic tool for those
who lack the ability or are unable to communicate and listen. Devices developed from a
study by Mandar P. Joshi and Anagha J. Jadhav which created a system that converts or
translates hand gestures to voice. This system includes, data glove, flex sensor,
accelerometer, opamp, AVR microcontroller, and playback voice module. According to
Abhishek, Qubeley, and Ho, 2016, commercially available sign language translators are
typically limited in portability. Because the sophistication used in detecting hand gestures
necessitates heavy computations and associated energy storage, these devices are
expensive and bulky, making them unsuitable for in-field applications.
19
Experimental Design
Arduino-Based Gloves
Translator of Filipino Sign
Language (FSL) Into Speech
Adaptation of
Hand gloves translator of
Filipinos with
Filipino Sign Language
this device
Filipino Deaf Community can efficiently communicate with

people without having difficulty of expressing themselves.
Figure 1. Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) Into
Speech and Text
The hand glove translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) is the independent
variable that determines how Filipinos would adopt this device. Some probably would
utilize this device to easily communicate with everyone, yet it depends on how they
would deal with encountering difficulties using a hand glove translator. In conclusion,
this device would still serve its purpose of connecting the Filipino Deaf community and
providing innovative equipment for them to express themselves.
20
Schematic Diagram
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign
Language (FSL) Into Speech and Text
The schematic diagram of an Arduino-Based Glove typically includes the
following materials: Arduino Nano, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, Flex Sensor, Battery
Management System, Resistor 10k ohm. The flex sensor is placed in the fingers since it is
used to detect finger bending or flexing. It is used to determine each finger's degree of
21
flexion and is attached on the glove's fingertips. The HC-05 Bluetooth Module is a
wireless communication module that is used to communicate the data from the glove to a
device via Bluetooth. The Arduino Nano is utilized to regulate the general function of the
glove and process the signals received from the flex sensor. Meanwhile the power supply
to the Arduino and other parts of the glove is managed by the battery management
system. A battery, voltage regulator, and charging circuit are frequently incorporated.
Lastly, the circuit's current flow is restricted and the flex sensor is protected from harm
by a 10k ohm resistor.
22
Definition of Terms
Arduino - open-source electronics platforms or boards, as well as the software used to
program.
Sign Language - any means of communication through bodily movements, especially of
the hands and arms, used when spoken communication is impossible or not desirable.
Impairment - the loss or abnormality of structure or function from whatever cause.
Sensor - an instrument that reacts to a stimulation and sends out an impulse as a result.
Disability- a physical, mental, psychological, or developmental condition that affects,
interacts with, or limits a person's capacity to perform specific tasks.
Hearing Loss - decreased capacity to hear noises in the same way that other people do.
Smart Gloves - a high-tech rehab equipment that uses accelerometer and bending sensors
to assess forearm, wrist, and digit motions.
Application - a software that executes a specific task or collection of tasks.
Transmitter - an equipment for delivering radio or television signals.
Receiver - is a piece of electronic equipment that acquires signals and radio waves
produced by the transmitter.
Non-verbal - missing or allegedly lacking the ability to speak.
Wireless Signal- is the transfer of information and voice without the use of a wires or
cable.
23
CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
This section presents the materials and equipment used in this study. The
procedures for preparation of the materials and methods were also discussed and included
in this chapter.
Materials and Equipment
The materials that were used by the researchers in the Arduino Based Gloves are
Arduino Nano, HC-05 Bluetooth Module, Flex Sensor, Battery Management System,
Resistor 10k ohm.
Procedure with Flowchart

Phase I: Generating the program to be uploaded to the Arduino Based Gloves
The researchers worked on the program for the sign language translator. At this
time, they read sensor values and try to understand sign languages generated from
Filipino Sign Language (FSL). This was done through the help of internet sources and
assistance from a programmer.
Phase II: Installation for the materials used in Arduino Based Gloves
The researcher first soldered the ground pin of the flex sensor in series to the 24k
resistor. In addition, the researchers connected the flex sensors to the microcontroller
(Arduino Nano) by soldering the ground, VCC, and signal pins. Furthermore, the flex
sensors and microcontroller were placed to the gloves and aligned. Then installed the
Bluetooth module to the microcontroller. Furthermore, the USB port of the Battery
24
Management System (BMS), underneath the removed USB port there are positive and
negative pins, was unsoldered. After that, the positive pin to the VIN of Arduino Nano
and ground to ground of the microcontroller was soldered. Lastly, the researchers
installed the positive and negative wire of the battery to the BMS. Xz
Phase III: Perform trial testing for the Arduino Based Gloves
The researchers collected the required parts, which consists of an Arduino Nano
N3, a Flex Sensor, an HC-05 Bluetooth Module, a Lithium ION 3.7v Battery, a Battery
Management System, and a Resistor. The Arduino-based gloves were developed by the
researchers, and paired with the program on a smartphone via Bluetooth. The researchers
wore the Arduino-based gloves to evaluate the functionality once the bluetooth was
completely connected to the application.
GATHERING THE REQUIRED

MATERIALS:
Arduino Nano
Battery Management
System
Flex Sensor
PROGRAMMING NEEDED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE GLOVES:

SIGN LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR Flex sensors (5) - “four”
for the fingers and “one” on the
thumb.
Arduino microcontroller,
resistor, and Bluetooth module is
TESTING THE SENSORS

Had trial and errors.
ARDUINO BASED
GLOVES FOR FILIPINO
SIGN LANGUAGE (FSL)
25
Risk and Safety Procedure
The researchers reviewed the documents, plans, and other information to identify
the risks. This involves studying the project documentation for accuracy, completeness,
and consistency. Inaccurate, incomplete, or missing information and inconsistencies
could indicate risks. Therefore, the researchers discussed the potential challenges
thoroughly. The researchers went through rigorous checking and analyzing of the
information gathered, as well as the codes made by a professional programmer. Detailed
examination has been made in the study to assure consistency and accuracy of data. The
tools that were used are intended to meet particular objectives and needs.. To avoid
casualty and tool damage, the researchers choose the appropriate equipment for the study.
Correct procedures were also done in the study by the researchers. Due to the fact
that researchers identified the possible risks earlier, it resulted in minimizing dangers that
could come along the way. The researchers prioritized and focused on following
appropriate procedures because this helped the researchers to achieve the objectives of
the study. Correct tools and procedures were employed in the study. The researchers also
ensured that the environment in which they will conduct their research is clean and clear.
The device made by the researchers has a safer design, in terms of the built-in
components inside it, and has improved quality and durability.
26
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents analysis and interprets the data gathered. The data gathered
were arranged comprehensively to present the objectives of the study.
Table 1. Age of the target people that will use the device
Age per Category Hand Size
0–14 years old 7.03 in


60 years old and above 6.63 in
The device is intended for users who are 15 years of age or older. The reason for
this is because of the size of their hands. The wearable device has sensors that run along
the four fingers and thumb to recognize each sign language word, phrase, or letter. The
gloves measure 7 inches, therefore, 7 inches and above are the preferable sizes of the
hands of those who will use the gloves.
27
Table 2. Time delay of the generated phrases using Arduino Based Gloves
Phrases Time delay of the generated phrases
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
Yes 4 secs 3 secs 2 secs 3 secs
No 2 secs 2 secs 2 secs 2 secs
Sorry 5 secs 5 secs 5 secs 5 secs
Water 4 secs 1 sec 2 secs 2.33 secs
Now 2 secs 2 secs 2 secs 2 secs
How are you 3 secs 3 secs 4 secs 3.33 secs
I love you 2 secs 1 sec 1 sec 1.33 secs
Time 2 secs 4 secs 4 secs 3.33 secs
Take Care 4 secs 2 secs 1 sec 2.33 secs
Later 3 secs 4 secs 3 secs 3.33 secs
Eat 2 secs 1 sec 3 secs 2 secs
What is your 2 secs 2 secs 3 secs 2.33 secs

name
The Arduino-based gloves created fundamental communication words such as
“Yes”, “No”, “Sorry”, “Water”,”Now”, “How are you”, “I love you”, “Time”, “Take
Care”, “What is our name”, “Later”, and “Eat” fostering inclusivity and breaking down
communication barriers. From our programmed code, the Arduino Nano allots 2 seconds
for the smartphone to utter the phrase in sign language utilized in the Arduino-based
28
gloves, making it available in speech and text. Speech and text are complementary in
communication. It offers numerous routes for communicating and receiving information.
29
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions drawn, and
recommendations of the study.
Summary of Findings
The researchers conducted and created an Arduino-based pair of gloves that
converts Filipino sign language into speech. The aim of this study is to ascertain the
following: generate basic phrases for communication using Arduino Based Gloves,
identify the age of the target people that will use the device, determine which innovative
design is suitable for the arduino-based gloves and identify the processing time required
by the Arduino Nano.
1. The proponents determined the ideal age range for communicating using Arduino-
based gloves. The results indicate that the gloves might be helpful for people with
communication difficulties of ages 15 and above. They were found to be more
proficient at utilizing the technological aspects of the gloves and more adaptable
to them. People with disabilities, within these ages, can utilize Arduino-based
gloves to communicate simple words or phrases that they might not be able to
communicate. The use of Arduino-based gloves as a communication tool can also
be beneficial for both adolescents and adults with speech disorders or difficulties
with communication. Overall, the beneficiaries specific needs and preferences
will determine the age of the target community that utilize Arduino-based gloves.
The gloves can adapt and be programmed to each user's particular needs.
30
2. The study focused on generating basic phrases for communication using Arduino-
based gloves. The gloves were equipped with flex sensors that detect the
movement of the fingers and translate it into electrical signals that are able to be
attached to the gloves. The beneficiaries of the device were able to produce basic
phrases by performing specific hand gestures. An Arduino microcontroller is able
to interpret the signals and trigger built speech output using an audio device or a
Bluetooth module. The procedure involves programming the Arduino
microcontroller to interpret specified finger movements and connect them to
specific phrases or words. As the user performs the necessary finger movements,
associated pre-programmed words and phrases are subsequently activated
allowing for communication. This provides a different way of communicating
basic concepts while enhancing interactions with others.
3. The study aimed to identify the processing time required by the Arduino Nano
microcontroller in Arduino-based gloves. The total number and range of sensors,
yet, can also impact processing time. The processing time will increase as the
Arduino Nano reads and processes data from each of the gloves' various sensors,
including flex sensors. Moreover, connecting with other devices will take time
and the processing time of phrases will take up to 2 seconds that are impacted by
the methods of communication employed since the gloves are made to
communicate with other mobile phone devices.
31
Conclusions
The researchers conclude the following based on their findings:
1. Identifying the age of the target people that would use the Arduino based gloves
was an important consideration during the design and development of the device.
The design and functionality of the gloves were influenced by the age of the
intended users. For instance, if the intended users were young children, the gloves
needed to be smaller in size and programmed with simpler gestures. On the other
hand, if the intended users were older adults, larger gloves were required, along
with gestures that were more intricately programmed. The target users' physical
and mental capabilities were taken into account during the design of the gloves.
Researchers created a device that was tailored to meet the target users' unique
needs and preferences by determining their age. This ensured that the Arduino-
based gloves, for ages 15 and above, were functional and easy to use.
2. Hearing-impaired people or those who are hard of hearing can communicate with
others much more easily with Arduino-based gloves. The gloves can be
programmed with fundamental Filipino Sign Language (FSL) phrases so that
users can easily communicate with others without the aid of a sign language
interpreter. Simple commands that can be programmed into the gloves and used to
communicate with other people. The way people with hearing impairments
interact with others has the potential to undergo a radical change thanks to this
technology, which can also significantly raise their standard of living. With the
help of Arduino based gloves, individuals with hearing disabilities can
communicate more effectively and efficiently with others.
32
3. The aim of the study was to ascertain how much processing time the Arduino
Nano microcontroller in the Arduino-based gloves required. As the
microcontroller reads and analyzes data from more sensors, including flex
sensors, processing time might also be impacted by the quantity and variety of
sensors being employed. Delays can also result from connecting to other devices,
and the connection mechanism utilized can affect how quickly phrases are
processed (up to 2 seconds). When communicating, using a few words or phrases
might cause misunderstandings, especially for deaf people. Because the
programmer's app had few alternatives, the researchers had trouble connecting
with others. It can be tough to express oneself without utilizing complete phrases.
Recommendations
After the completion of the study, researchers make valid recommendations to
deaf individuals and to those interested in undertaking similar research:
1. The researchers experienced inconvenience in utilizing gloves since there were
wires, specifically the flex sensor. It causes stinging when it interrupts the
bending of the hands of researchers. They suggest looking for a comfortable
material to wear and hold components. Hence, recommending utilizing knit fabric
would help to fit one's hand.
2. A researcher from the study tested the device and observed the app, wherein
delays can occur because the app could not adequately read the hand sign
language. The flex sensor only recognizes the bending of hands, and when the
finger does not fit properly, the app will have difficulty in generating the phrases.
33
Thus, the proponents suggest providing various sizes of hand gloves to cater to all
individuals at any age
3. A programmed app has been restricted to Android as an operating system. Then
the researchers justify the need for compatibility between the code in an Arduino
device to a programmed app. In short, only Android users are available to utilize
the device to produce speech and text. Therefore, the study aims to make it
available for any operating system.
4. Communicating with other people while using phrases could lead to
misinterpretation. It would be a tremendous task for deaf individuals to express
themselves more without using a sentence. The researchers encountered
difficulties communicating with other people since only confined words or
phrases were available to produce and appear in the app created by the
programmer. As a result, the researchers propose future researchers employ the
study to enhance, wherein they can generate sentences instead of phrases.
34
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39
CURRICULUM VITAE
CHARNEL FAYE S. CABILE
Brgy. Mateuna, Tayabas City
Personal Information
Birthdate : November. 5, 2006
Birthplace : Tayabas City
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Nerlon M. Cabile
Mother’s Name : Luzviminda S. Cabile
Educational Attainment
Elementary : Tayabas West Central School I
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
Member: Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-O)
40
41
CURRICULUM VITAE
LARA CHANTEL T. CABUYAO
Brgy. San Diego Zone I, Tayabas City
Birthdate : March 17, 2007
Father’s Name : Wenrick F. Cabuyao
Mother’s Name : Maribel T. Cabuyao
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
42
CURRICULUM VITAE
BEA VENICE A. GLORIOSO
St. Jude Village Phase 1, Brgy.
Opias, Tayabas City
Birthdate : August 15, 2007
Father’s Name : Jojit B. Glorioso
Mother’s Name : Lina A. Glorioso
Elementary : St. John Bosco College
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
43
CURRICULUM VITAE
JOY MARIAN V. NANONG
Brgy. Opias, Tayabas City
Birthdate : April 21, 2007
Father’s Name : Germie C. Nanong
Mother’s Name : Amelia V. Nanong
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
President S.Y. 2022-2023 Youth for Environment in Schools

Organization (YES-O)
44
CURRICULUM VITAE
LEMUEL JOHN L. RONDILLA
Brgy. Lalo, Tayabas City
Father’s Name : Romeo R. Rondilla Jr.
Mother’s Name : Juanita L. Rondilla
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
Peace Officer S.Y. 2022-2023 Youth for Environment in Schools

Organization (YES-O)
45
CURRICULUM VITAE
MARCO ALEJANDRO C. ABSULIO
Birthplace : Lucena City
Religion : Born Again
Father’s Name : Mark Anthony Z. Absulio
Mother’s Name : Maria Elena P. Casiño
Elementary : Tayabas West Central School III
Tayabas City
2013 - 2019
Affiliation
Member: Youth for Environment in Schools Organization (YES-
O)
46
47
CURRICULUM VITAE
GEMILA COLEEN G. DE TORRES
Brgy. Ipilan, Tayabas City
Birthdate : September 19, 2007
Father’s Name : Pascual R. De Torres
Mother’s Name : Genalyn G. De Torres
Elementary : ADT Montessori School
Pasig City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
O)
48
CURRICULUM VITAE
DEMI ANNE R. ELEAZAR
Brgy. Mateuna, Tayabas City
Father’s Name : Rodel A. Eleazar
Mother’s Name : Azalia L. Rebadavia
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
O)
49
CURRICULUM VITAE
JAYPEE E. MANUNGAY
Brgy. San Isidro Zone 2, Tayabas City
Birthdate : May 22, 2007
Father’s Name : Nilo R. Manungay
Mother’s Name : Nora E. Manungay
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
O)
50
CURRICULUM VITAE
ALIXANDER JOSHUA J. JALBUENA
Birthdate : November 10, 2006
Father’s Name : Edwin T. Jalbuena
Mother’s Name : Jeanne J. Jalbuena
Elementary : Tayabas East Central School II
Tayabas City
2012 - 2019
Affiliation
O)
51
CURRICULUM VITAE
KRIZZSHANE B. SABEROLA
Brgy. Baguio, Tayabas City
Father’s Name : Roberto S. Saberola
Mother’s Name : Riza B. Batchain
Tayabas City
2013 - 2019
Affiliation
O)
52

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Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino Sign Language (FSL)

Into Speech and Text

Cabile, Charnel Faye S. Absulio, Marco Alejandro C.

Cabuyao, Lara Chantel T. De Torres, Gemila Coleen G.

Glorioso, Bea Venice A. Eleazar, Demi Anne R.

Nanong, Joy Marian V. Manungay, Jaypee E.

Rondilla, Lemuel John L. Jalbuena, Alixander Joshua J.

Ms. Margaret Elaine E. Calvendra

Cabile, Charnel Faye S. Absulio, Marco Alejandro C.

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for

WENDEL R. MAYOR MONICA A. JARDIN LADESSA R. PADUA

RICHILYN S. PAGANA MARVIN J. ROSALES

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research IV.

June 15, 2023 MARGARET ELAINE E. CALVENDRA

CFSC LJLR JEM

LCTC MACA KBS

This research study is dedicated to our parents,

our friends, our relatives, teachers and

future researchers and above all

to Almighty God. Thanks be to God.

CFSC LJLR JEM

LCTC MACA KBS

TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………... i

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………………... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………………... iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………. v

FIGURE …………………………………………………………………………... vii

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….... viii

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ……………………………... 3

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ……………………………….... 6

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY …………………………….... 6

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS …………………………………..... 7

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES …….. 8

RELATED STUDIES ………………………………………….... 12

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ……………………………………. 20

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM ……………………………………… 21

DEFINITION OF TERMS ……………………………………… 23

III. METHODOLOGY …………………………………………….... 24

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT …………………………….. 24

RISK AND SAFETY PROCEDURE …………………………… 26

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA ………………………………… 27

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 30

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ………………………………….... 30

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………….. 40

1 Arduino-Based Gloves Translator of Filipino

2 Schematic Diagram of Arduino-Based Gloves Translator

3 Procedural Flowchart of Arduino-Based Gloves Translator

Title : ARDUINO-BASED GLOVES TRANSLATOR OF

Name of Institution : Luis Palad Integrated High School

Research Adviser : Ms. Margaret Elaine E. Calvendra

Year Written : 2022-2023

The Problem and Its Background

Sign language allows a person who is deaf to communicate. Body language

of information between deaf people during a spontaneously expressed sign language

conversation is precise. According to a 2015 study from De La Salle University in

communicate through sign language. Furthermore, FSL is an organized and governed by

For thousands of Filipinos in various communities FSL is widely used throughout