LESSON 2: DATA COLLECTION

AND SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
Dianna Jean A. Gayo, LPT, MST-Math
Instructor
 OBJECTIVES:

• Identify the type of data collection

method to be used in different
studies/researches
• Apply the appropriate sampling
technique during data collection
3. DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

▪3.1. Data Collection

▪3.2. Sampling Techniques
3.1. DATA COLLECTION METHODS

▪ The data collection method depends

on the researcher’s design of the
study, the type of data, the time
available to complete the study, and
the financial capacity.

▪ What are the different data collection

methods that you know?
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

➢ Interview Method

➢ Questionnaire Method
➢ Observation Methods
➢ Test Methods
➢ Registration Method
➢ Other methods
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

1. Interview Method
▪ Direct Method
▪ The researcher personally interviews
the respondent. The method is
appropriate to use if the needed
information is minimal and the number
of respondents is few.

▪ Indirect Method
▪ The researcher uses the telephone to
interview the respondents.
3.1. DATA COLLECTION
2. Questionnaire Method
▪ A questionnaire is a list of well-planned
question written on paper which can be
either personally administered or mailed
by the researcher to the respondents
using any of the following forms:
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

a. Guided-Response Type
▪ The respondent is guided in making a reply.

Example:
▪ Have you been helping the needy?
Yes_______ No_______. If your answer is yes,
go to the next question. If your answer is no,
go to question no. 3.
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

b. Recall Type
Example:
▪ a) Age
▪ b) Sex
▪ c) Civil Status
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

c. Dichotomous Type

Example:
▪ Do you live alone? Yes_____ No_____

Agree & disagree, Good & Bad, Satisfied & Not

satisfied
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

d. Multiple Choice Type

Example:
Which of the following means abattoir?
a. dungeon
b. Chateau
c. cave
d. house
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

e. Multiple Response Type

Example:
▪ What appliances/devices do you
have at home? Check your answer/s.
________ Television
________ Refrigerator
________ DVD Player
________ Electric Stove
________ Telephone
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

f. Free Response Type

▪ The respondent is not guided in giving

his reply. He can answer using his style.
▪ Open-ended questions/essays
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

g. Rating Scale Type

Example:
How serious is the drug problem in your
barangay? Write a (/) before the
problem.
____ very serious
____ serious
____ not serious
____ not a problem
3.1. DATA COLLECTION
3. Empirical Observation Method
▪ Observation is a method of obtaining
data through seeing, hearing, tasting,
touching, and smelling.
▪ The observer may participate in the
activities of the group being studied or
maybe a bystander only.
▪ When observation is done in a laboratory
as in the case of experimental studies,
the type of observation is called
controlled observation.
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

4. Test Method
▪ This method uses standard tests
because of their validity, reliability,
and usability.
Example:
▪ Aptitude tests, IQ tests,
Achievement tests
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

5. Registration Method
▪ Examples of data gathered using this
method are those that are obtained from
Philippine Statistics Authority, Land
Transportation Office, Department of
Education, Supreme Court, and other
government agencies.
3.1. DATA COLLECTION

5. Registration Method
▪ Examples of data gathered using this
method are those that are obtained from
Philippine Statistics Authority, Land
Transportation Office, Department of
Education, Supreme Court, and other
government agencies.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

▪ Before the collection of data, it is

necessary to determine the sample size if
the population is very large.
▪ If the researcher wants to find the
average IQ of all college students in
Northeastern College, and has only a few
weeks to spend collecting data, sampling
is allowed to save time and money.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Important terms:
▪ Population refers to the group of people,
items, or units under investigation.
▪ Sample is obtained by collecting
information only about some members of
a “population”.
▪ Sampling frame refers to the list of people
from which the sample is taken. (e. g.
school register)
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sample size depends on:

▪ The methodology
▪ Degree of accuracy required for the study
▪ Likely response rate
▪ Time and money
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

2 categories of sampling techniques

1. Probability sampling- each
member of the population has an
equal chance of being selected.
2. Non-probability sampling- some
people have a greater, but
unknown, chance than others of
selection.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

1. Probability sampling
-Random sampling
-Systematic
--Stratified
-Multi-stage cluster sampling
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. Probability sampling
a. Random sampling
- All the members of the population have equal
chances of being included in the study. This is
applicable if the target population is not
classified into different clusters, sections, levels, or
classes.
- Lottery Method
▪ The names of respondents are written on
small pieces of paper then rolled and
placed in a jar. The researcher randomly
picked names from the jar to be the
respondents.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. Probability sampling
b. Systematic Sampling
Similar to random sampling, but
instead of selecting random numbers, you
move through list picking every nth name.
Example:
Selecting every 5th person to answer a
survey form.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. Probability sampling
c. Stratified Sampling
This method is
divided into different 1st yr
strata (or classes).
Within each stratum, a
simple random sample 2nd yr

or systematic sample is
selected
3rd yr

4th yr
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
1. Probability sampling
d. Multi-stage cluster sampling
As the name implies, this involves
drawing several different samples. It does so in
such a way that the cost of final interviewing is
minimized.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Non-Probability sampling
-purposive sampling
-Quota sampling
-convenience sampling
-snow-ball sampling
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Non-Probability sampling
➢ -Purposive Sampling
▪ This method are based on the purpose
of the study.

▪ Population: Education students of NC

▪ Variable: Level pedagogical knowledge
of students
▪ Sample: Students who hake taken
pedagogical subjects.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Non-Probability sampling
➢ Quota Sampling
▪ The technique is commonly used
in opinion polls. After meeting the
required number of sample points, the
researcher is done with his collection
of data.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Non-Probability sampling
➢ Convenience Sampling
▪ This technique is resorted to by
researchers who need the information the
fastest way possible.
▪ Example: A teacher who makes a research
which requires the inclusion of students as
respondents. Conveniently, the teacher may
use his own students as respondents.
3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
2. Non-Probability sampling
➢ Snow-ball Sampling
▪ Also known as chain sampling or
network sampling
▪It begins with one or more study participants.
It then continues on the basis of referrals from
those participants. This process continues until
you reach the desired sample, or saturation
point.