SPEECH EVENT

&
SPEECH ACT
B y G r o u p 3 / T B I- 2
 Members:
1 2 3
Cansa Namira Nurul Fadillah Khoiriah
Sitanggang

(0304212117) (0304212085) (0304213031)

 SPEECH EVENT
Definition Speech Event

Speech event is a concept in linguistics and social sciences that refers to

incidents or events of verbal communication between individuals or groups. In a
speech event, spoken language is used as a tool to convey messages, share
information, or interact with other people in a certain context.

According to Hymes, a speech event is "a communicative action that occurs

within certain time and space limits, involves one or more speakers who have a
specific goal or intention, and is regulated by certain social norms" (Hymes, 1972).
 Characteristics of Speech events
Context: Context involves factors such
as situation, location, time, as well as
physical and social factors that
influence oral communication.
Participants: Speech events involve
communication participants consisting
of speakers and listeners. Speakers are
individuals or groups who use spoken
language to convey messages, while
listeners are recipients of messages
who interact with the speaker.
Communication Objectives: Each speech
event has a specific communication objective.
These goals can vary, ranging from
requesting information, expressing opinions,
convincing listeners, entertaining, building
social relationships, or conveying formal
messages in a public context.
Norms and Rules: Speech events are
regulated by social norms and rules that
apply in a culture or social group. These
norms include grammar, communication
etiquette, level of formality, and behavioral
expectations appropriate to the
communication context.
 Types of
Speech Events
Everyday Conversation: Is a type of speech
event that occurs in everyday interactions
between individuals in an informal context.
Interview: Is a type of speech event where an
interviewer asks questions to a source to gain
deeper information or insight.

Public Speech: Is a type of speech event where

the speaker conveys a message to a wider Formal Meeting: Is a type of speech event where
audience in a formal context. a group of individuals gather in a formal context,
such as a business meeting, meeting, or
conference.
Group Discussion: This is a type of speech event
where a group of individuals gather to discuss and
share opinions about a particular topic.
 Speech Event Components
Speaker: Speakers have an important role in
choosing language, speaking style and
communication strategies that suit the
purpose and context of the speech event.
Listener (Hearer): The listener's role is to listen,
understand and respond to the message conveyed by
the speaker. The interaction between the speaker and
listener influences the understanding and effectiveness
of communication in a speech event.
Message: The message in a speech event can be in the
form of facts, opinions, instructions, or entertainment,
depending on the purpose of the communication.
Context: Context includes physical, social, cultural and
situational factors that influence a speech event. Context
includes location, time, relationship between speaker and
listener, and applicable social norms and rules. Context
provides a framework for understanding and interpreting
messages in speech events.
Communication Channel (Channel): Communication
channels can be direct speech, telephone, video
conferencing, or electronic media such as radio or
television. The choice of communication channel can
influence the way the message is delivered and the
interaction between the speaker and listener.
Language Style: Language style includes word choice,
sentence structure, intonation and expressions used by
the speaker in the speech event. Language style can vary
depending on context, purpose, and intended audience.
 Speech Acts
Speech act are the speaker's utterances
which convey meaning and make
listeners do specific things (Austin, 1962)
Considered in the terms of:
1. The content of the message
2. The Intention of speaker
3. The effect on the listener.
 INFO
Speech act was introduced by
John Langslay Austin On 1962. On
his books entitled "How to do
things with words", and developed
by his student, John Searle 1979.

According to J. L. Austin (1962),

there are 3 types of acts in every
utterance;

Locutionary speech act

Illocutionary speech act
Perlocutionary speech act
 3 Types of Speech Act
Locutionary speech act
occurs when the speaker performs an utterance
(locution), which has a literal meaning of utterance.
Illocutionary speech act
is the performance of the act of saying something with a
specific intention.

Perlocutionary speech act

it happens when what the speaker says has an effect on
the listener
 Example
1. It’s raining outside.
2. It,s so dark in this room.

Locutionary Illocutionary Perlocutionary

Speaker intended to tell
Only give statement that specific things. Such as,
it’s raining outside and
telling not to go out
the room is so dark. because it’s still raining.
(No specific intention)
Or tell not to use that
room.
Give effect to the listener
such as lead people do
do certain action, such as
using umbrella or switch
on the light.
Classifications of
Speech Act
Assertive
an utterance intended to tell how things are in
the world. a representation of reality.
Includes Statement, Description, Explanation,
Clarification, etc.
Commisive
Tell speaker to some future voluntary action
and reveal the intention of speaker
Includes Promises, Threats, Oaths, Guarantees,
etc.
Expressive
Reveals speakers attitudes and emotion.
Include Thanking, Apologizing, Welcoming, etc.
Directive
An act to tell the speaker to do something in the
future. Includes Ordering, Commanding,
Suggesting, etc.
Declarative
an utterance that change the world or situation
which brings a change in the external situation.
Includes blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding,
passing a sentence, and excommunicating.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, Speech Event and Speech Act are the

branch of linguistics which includes what components
are used during the communication process and in
what situations the communication takes place. As
well as discussing the type of influence that an
utterance produces and the context contained in the
speech act.
THANK YOU!

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