GREAT ARANIKO ENGLISH SECONDARY SCHOOL

TULSIPUR-6, DANG

A project work file

Of

Computer Science
About Data collection and its method

For the practical marks requirement of board exams of Computer science

Grade XII

Submitted by

Bhawana Bhattarai

To

The management faculty of Great Araniko English Secondary School

27 March,2024
 • Acknowledgment

I am grateful to Great Araniko English Secondary School for the

opportunity to present this project. Special thanks to Ekraj sir for his
Guidance and help in this project. Through his guidance, support and
feedback I am able to present this project and complete this project
work.
And also want to thank my fellow classmate Janaki Pandey for providing
help and assistance throughout this project.

Lastly, want to thank everyone who has been part of this project and
made it possible to let me present this project work to the school
community.

Yours,

Bhawana Bhattarai
 1) Introduction
Data collection is a crucial step in the research process, providing the
foundation for analysis and drawing meaningful conclusions. This project
aims to explore various data collection methods used in research,
highlighting both primary and secondary approaches. By understanding
these methods, researchers can make informed decisions on how to gather
data effectively to answer their research questions.

2) Types of data collection method

Data collection methods can be broadly categorized into two types:
quantitative and qualitative. Each type serves distinct purposes in gathering
and analyzing data.
I. Quantitative Data Collection Methods:
• Quantitative methods focus on numerical data that can be quantified
and analyzed statistically. These methods are used to measure,
quantify, and establish relationships between variables. Some
common quantitative methods include:
• Surveys and Questionnaires: Structured surveys with predefined
questions and response options.
• Experiments: Manipulating variables to observe cause-and-effect
relationships.
• Structured Observations: Using predetermined categories to record
behaviors or events.
• Secondary Data Analysis: Analyzing existing numerical data from
sources like government statistics, surveys, or databases.

II. Quantitative Data Collection Methods:

• Qualitative methods aim to collect non-numerical data to understand
complex phenomena, contexts, and meanings. These methods
provide insights into thoughts, feelings, experiences, and behaviors.
Some common qualitative methods include:
• Interviews: In-depth exploration of participants' perspectives,
experiences, and opinions.
 • Observations: Watching and recording behaviors, interactions, and
events in natural settings.
• Focus Groups: Small-group discussions to capture diverse
perspectives on a specific topic.
• Document Analysis: Examining written, visual, or audio materials to
understand historical contexts or cultural trends.
• Ethnography: Immersing researchers in the culture or context being
studied for an insider's perspective.
• Case Studies: Detailed examination of a single case to provide a
holistic understanding.

3) Primary data collection

Primary data collection involves gathering data firsthand for a specific
research project. This type of data is original and collected directly from
sources. Here are some primary data collection methods:
• Surveys and Questionnaires: Designing and distributing surveys to
collect responses from individuals or groups.
• Interviews: Conducting structured, semi-structured, or unstructured
interviews to gather detailed information from participants.
• Experiments: Setting up controlled experiments to manipulate
variables and observe outcomes.
• Observations: Systematically observing and recording behaviors,
events, or phenomena in real-time.
• Focus Groups: Organizing group discussions to delve into shared
perspectives on a particular topic.
• Ethnography: Immersing oneself in the culture or environment of
study to gain deep insights.
• Case Studies: Investigating specific cases in detail to understand
unique circumstances.
 4) Secondary data collection
Secondary data collection involves using existing data that has already been
collected by other researchers or organizations. This data is analyzed for a
new research purpose. Here are some examples of secondary data method
• Literature Review: Reviewing academic journals, books, and other
literature to gather information relevant to the research topic.
• Government Sources: Using data from government agencies such as
census data, economic indicators, or health statistics.
• Organizational Records: Accessing data from companies, institutions,
or organizations relevant to the research.
• Previous Studies: Analyzing data from past research studies that are
publicly available.
• Online Databases: Using online databases to access research data,
reports, or articles.
• Surveys or Polls: Using results from surveys or polls conducted by
others for different prepossession methods:

5)Frequently Asked Questions

Q.1 What are the 4 methods of data collection?

Ans: Following are the 4 methods of data collection:
I. Observation method
II. Interview method
III. Questionnaire method
IV. Schedules

Q.2 What is data collection?

Ans: Data collection is a process of gathering information from all the
relevant sources to find a solution of the problem, it helps to estimate the
outcome of the situation. The data collection method enables you to
conclude an answer to the relevant questions. Some of the data collection
types include surveys, Delphi technique, focus groups etc.
Q.3 What are the primary data collection method?
Ans: As we know, the primary data collection is expensive and time
consuming and following are the methods of primary data collection:
I. Observation method
II. Interview method
III. Questionnaire method
IV. Surveys
V. Schedules

Q.4 What is data collection tools?

Ans: Data collection tools are instruments or methods used to gather data
systematically and efficiently. These tools are designed to help researchers
collect accurate, reliable, and relevant information for their studies. The
choice of data collection tool depends on the research objectives, the type
of data needed, the target population, and the resources available.
Q.5 What are quantitative data collection method?
Ans: Quantitative data collection methods are approaches used to gather
numerical data that can be analyzed statistically. These methods are
particularly suited for research where the goal is to quantify attitudes,
behaviors, characteristics, and relationships between variables.

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “DATA COLLECTION
METHOD TO DEVELOP SOFTWARE", submitted to Department of
Computer Science of Great Araniko English Secondary School is prepared
by me. All the documents are result of my personal efforts.
Bhawana Bhattarai
GRADE: XII

Internal Examiner External examiner

(Mr. Ek Raj Bhandari) (MR. Kamal Prakash Sharma)
Principle
(Mr. Bishnu Prasad Devkota)