1.

Variables and Data

Types:
Python
name = "Alice"
age = 30 # Integer
pi = 3.14 # Float
is_coding = True #
Boolean

2. User Input:
Python
user_name =
input("What's your name?
")
print(f"Hello,
{user_name}!")

3. Comments:
Python
# This program calculates
the area of a rectangle
length = 5
width = 3
area = length * width
print(f"The area is
{area}.")

4. Arithmetic Operators:
Python
result = 10 + 5
difference = 15 - 7
product = 4 * 6
quotient = 12 / 3

5. Comparison
Operators:
Python
x = 10
y = 20
is_equal = x == y # False
is_greater = x > y # False
6. String Manipulation:
Python
text = "Hello World!"
upper_case = text.upper()
# HELLO WORLD!
lower_case = text.lower()
# hello world!
split_words = text.split()
# ['Hello', 'World!']
7. Conditional
Statements (if-else):
Python
grade = 85
if grade >= 90:
 print("Excellent!")
else:
print("Good job!")

8. Loops (for):
Python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for number in numbers:
print(number * 2)

9. List Operations:
Python
fruits = ["apple",
"banana", "orange"]
fruits.append("grape") #
Add element
fruits.remove("banana")
# Remove element
print(fruits) # Output:
['apple', 'orange', 'grape']

10. Tuples (immutable

lists):
Python
coordinates = (10, 20)
# coordinates[0] = 30 #
Tuples are immutable
(cannot change elements)
11. Dictionaries (key-
value pairs):
Python
person = {"name": "Bob",
"age": 45, "city": "New
York"}
print(person["name"]) #
Output: Bob

12. Functions:
Python
def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet("Charlie")

13. Returning Values

from Functions:
Python
def add(x, y):
return x + y

result = add(3, 7)
print(result) # Output: 10
14. Modules and
Packages:
Python
import math

# Use math functions like

pi and sqrt
print(math.pi) # Output:
3.14159...
print(math.sqrt(16)) #
Output: 4.0

15. Reading Files (text):

Python
with open("data.txt", "r")
as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)

16. Writing Files (text):

Python
with open("output.txt",
"w") as file:
file.write("This is written
to a file.")

17. Simple Calculator:

Python
def calculate(num1,
operator, num2):
if operator == "+":
return num1 + num2
elif operator == "-":
return num1 - num2
# Add more operators as
needed...

result = calculate(10, "-",

5)
print(result) # Output: 5
18. Guessing Game:
Python
import random

secret_number =
random.randint(1, 10)
guesses = 0
while True:
guess = int(input("Guess
a number between 1 and
10: "))
guesses += 1
if guess ==
secret_number:
 print(f"You guessed it
in {guesses} tries!")
break
elif guess <
secret_number:
print("Guess higher.")
else:
print("Guess lower.")

20. Password Validator

(continued):
Python
def
is_valid_password(passw
ord):
has_uppercase =
any(char.isupper() for
char in password)
has_lowercase =
any(char.islower() for
char in password)
has_digit =
any(char.isdigit() for char
in password)
 has_symbol = any(not
char.isalnum() for char in
password)
return len(password) >=
8 and has_uppercase and
has_lowercase and
has_digit and has_symbol

password = input("Enter
your password: ")
if
is_valid_password(passw
ord):
 print("Strong
password!")
else:
print("Password must be
at least 8 characters and
include uppercase,
lowercase, digits, and
symbols.")

21. List
Comprehensions:
Python
numbers = [x * 2 for x in
range(1, 6)] # Creates a
list with doubled numbers
(2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
even_numbers = [x for x
in range(1, 11) if x % 2 ==
0] # Creates a list with
even numbers (2, 4, 6, 8,
10)
22. Tuples Unpacking:
Python
fruits = ("apple",
"banana", "cherry")
name1, name2, name3 =
fruits # Unpack elements
into variables
print(name1) # Output:
apple

23. Sets (unordered

collections of unique
elements):
Python
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 2} #
Duplicates are removed
(set will contain {1, 2, 3})
print(len(my_set)) #
Output: 3
24. Lambdas
(anonymous functions):
Python
add = lambda x, y: x + y
result = add(4, 6)
print(result) # Output: 10

25. Exception Handling

(try-except):
Python
try:
num = int(input("Enter a
number: "))
result = 10 / num
 print(result)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by
zero!")