1|P age VIG ENGLISH SCH OO L, CHH OTA -GOVINDPUR (By Binod Sharm a)

CHAPTER-02 GROWTH OF NATIONALISM ICSE, CLASS-X

1. Name the two main Associations that were the precursors of the Indian National Congress.
Ans: The two main Associations that were the precursors of the Indian National Congress were: -
i. East India Association : Founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in London in 1866 and
ii. Indian Association : Headed by Surendra Nath Banerjee in 1876.
2. Name the two presidents under whom the first two sessions of the Indian National Congress were
held.
Ans: Session Year Place Presided by
1st 1885 Mumbai W. C. Banerjee
2nd 1886 Kolkata Dadabhai Naoroji

3. Explain the term ‘Nationalism’.

Ans: ‘Nationalism’ refers to the feeling of oneness and common consciousness that emerges when people
living in a common territory share the same historical, political and cultural background, have the same
language, cultural values and consider themselves as one nation.
4. What was the role of the Press in promoting nationalistic sentiments amongst the Indians?
Ans: The Press played a significant role in promoting nationalistic sentiments amongst the Indians in the
following manner: -
• It was through the Press that the messages of patriotism and modern liberal ideals of Liberty,
Freedom, Equality, Home Rule and Independence spread among the people.
• The Press exposed the true nature of British Rule in India.
• It made the possible exchange of views among different social groups from different parts of the
country and organized political movements.
• Indians became aware of what was happening in the world, which helped them shape their own
policies and programmes.
5. Mention any two contributions of Jyotiba Phule in preparing the ground for the National Movement.
Ans: Following are the two contributions of Jyotiba Phule which helped in preparing the ground for the
National Movement: -
• He founded the ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj’ with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker
sections of the society.
• He established a school for untouchables and started a private orphanage for the widows.
• He wanted to liberate the depressed classes and make them aware of their rights by educating
them.
• He pioneered the Widow Remarriage Movement and worked for the education of women.
6. Mention any two contributions of Raja Rammohan Roy as a social reformer to eradicate social evils.
Ans: The two contributions of Raja Rammohan Roy as a social reformer to eradicate social evils were: -
• He started a campaign for the abolition of ‘Sati- System’ and ‘Purdah-System’.
• He discouraged ‘Child Marriage’ and advocated the right of widows to remarry.
• He founded the ‘Brahmo Samaj’ which believed in Monotheism or worship of one God. It
condemned Idol worship and laid emphasis on prayer, meditation, charity etc.
7. Mention any two economic factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in India.
Ans: The two Economic Factors which were responsible for the growth of nationalism in India: -
• The British Government took away a large part of Peasants’ produce in the form of land revenue
which led them into the clutches of Landlords and Moneylenders.
• East India Company destroyed the Indian Handicraft Industry. India became the source of raw
materials for the industries of Britain and a market for its finished goods. This policy crippled the
Indian Artisans and Craftsmen as they were devoid of their sources of livelihood.
• The only employment available to the educated Indians was government services in which
competition was high and chances of promotion bleak.
2|P age VIG ENGLISH SCH OO L, CHH OTA -GOVINDPUR (By Binod Sharm a)

• The growth of modern Industries led to the birth of a new social class in India-The Working Class.
They were exploited by Factory Owners who were generally Englishmen.
8. What did Lord Ripon do against the British Policy of discrimination?
Ans: He introduced a Bill (Ilbert Bill) which gave the Indian Judges authority to hear cases against the
Europeans offenders.
9. What was the principle objective of Vernacular Press Act of Lord Lytton?
Ans: To prevent the Vernacular newspapers from criticizing the Government and promoting political
consciousness among the Indians.
10. Who was Mr. A.O. Hume? Name the Political organization founded by him?
Ans: He was a retired British Civil Servant. He founded the Indian National Congress.
11. State two reasons for the development of nationalism in the late 19th century.
Ans: The two important factors that were responsible for the growth of Nationalism in India are as follows:
• Repressive Colonial policies of British empire (Lord Lytton).
• Socio-religious movements of India in the 19th century.
12. Name two prominent Newspapers of the 19th century which played a significant role in arousing
national sentiments among the Indians.
Ans: Amrit Bazar Patrika, The Bangali, The Hindu, The Kesari, The Statesman, The Times of India etc.
13. Name the organization founded by Jyotiba Phule. Why did he establish this organization?
Ans: Satya Shodhak Samaj.
He established this organization to secure social justice for the weaker section of society.
14. What was the objective of the Ilbert Bill? Why was it not passed?
Ans: The objective of the Bill was to give power to Indian Judges and Magistrates to try British offenders in
criminal cases at the District level to abolish judicial disqualification based on racial discriminations. This was
resented by the British and they started a Defence Association to defend their special privileges. This reaction
provoked a counter agitation by educated Indians.
It was not passed because it enacted a more moderate measure which vested the power of trying Europeans
to a session judge and a District-Magistrate who might be an Indian.
15. Discuss any two repressive Colonial Policies introduced by Lord Lytton.
Ans: Repressive Colonial Policies introduced by Lord Lytton: -
• The Vernacular Press Act : It forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that
might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government. The Act was not applicable
to English Newspapers.
• Indian Arms Act : This Act made it a criminal offence for the Indians to carry
arms without license. This Act was not applicable to British.
• Age Reduction for ISC Examination : Maximum age limit for the Indian Civil Service Examination
was reduced from 21 to 19 years which made it difficult for the Indians to compete for it.
• Removal of Import Duty : The import duties of British textiles were removed. It proved
harmful for the Indian industries.
16. Mention the regional association that was associated with each nationalists Surendranath Banerjee
and Dadabhai Naoroji.
Ans: ‘Indian Association’ was associated with Surendranath Banerjee and ‘East India Association’ was
associated with Dadabhai Naoroji.
17. Discuss any two early aims of the Indian National Congress.
Ans: Early aims of the Indian National Congress:
• To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the
country.
• To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or province.
• To formulate popular demands and present them before the government.
• To train and organize public opinion in the country.
3|P age VIG ENGLISH SCH OO L, CHH OTA -GOVINDPUR (By Binod Sharm a)

18. Write any two objectives of Indian Association.

Ans: Objective of Indian Association: -
• Creation of a strong body of public opinion.
• Integration of Indians based on common political interests.
• Promotion of friendly relations between Hindus and Muslims.
• Mass participation in public movements.
• It launched agitations against License Act, The Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act and against
lowering the age limit from 21 to 19 years for the I.C.S examination.
19. Who is known as ‘The Father of Indian Renaissance’? Write his any two contribution as a social
reformer.
Ans: Jyotiba Phule is known as ‘The Father of Indian Renaissance’.
Contribution as a social reformer:
• In 1854, he established a school for untouchables and started a private orphanage for the widows.
• He wanted to liberate the depressed classes and make them aware of their rights by educating
them.
• He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj with the aim of securing social justice for the weaker
sections of society.
• He pioneered the Widow Remarriage Movement and worked for the education of women.
20. Give any two examples to indicate that British followed the policy of economic exploitation in India.
Ans:
• The British collected land revenue without looking after the welfare of the peasants.
• The British exploited Indian Agricultural production by shipping raw material to England at a cheap
rate.
21. When and where was the first session of the INC held?
Ans: Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, in Mumbai on 28th December 1885.
22. Why did the British Government favoured the formation of the Congress?
Ans: The Viceroy, Lord Dufferin favoured the formation of the congress because he wanted to act as a Safety
Valve for the popular discontent and safeguarding the British interest in India.
23. How did the introduction of western education spread nationalism?
Ans:
• Western education introduced the ideas of democracy and nationalism to the Indians.
• It opened the floodgates of liberal European thought.
• Through the study of European history, political thought and economic ideas, educated Indians
had access to the ideals of liberty, nationality, equality, and self-government.
• English became a common language in which Indians from different regions could come on a
common platform and organize a movement of an all India character.
24. How did the socio-religious movements contribute to the Indian Nationalism?
Ans:
• The reformers condemned untouchability and the caste system. The ideas of brotherhood and
equality attracted the so-called lower castes.
• The reformers taught people not to ignore the importance of women who could participate in the
National Movement.
• Swami Dayananda Saraswati was the first to use the word ‘Swaraj’ and to raise the privileges based
on caste, creed or religion.
4|P age VIG ENGLISH SCH OO L, CHH OTA -GOVINDPUR (By Binod Sharm a)

Structured Questions
1. With reference to Nationalism and the birth of the Indian National Congress, explain each of the following:
a) Vernacular Press Act, 1878
Ans: It forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against
the British Government. The Act was not applicable to English Newspapers.
b) State any three immediate objectives of the Indian National Congress.
Ans:
• To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the
country.
• To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, religion or
province.
• To formulate popular demands and present them before the government.
• To train and organize public opinion in the country.
c) Role of Dadabhai Naoroji.
Ans:
• He founded the East India Association in London.
• It voiced the grievances of Indians and suggested remedial measures.
• He wanted to place the true state of affairs in India to the British so that the problems of the Indians
may be resolved.
2. Various factors led to the rise and growth of nationalism in India in the 19 th century. In this context, explain
the role of each of the following:
a) Socio-religious reform movements.
Ans:
• Swami Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekanada proclaimed the superiority of Indian
culture and civilization.
• The reformers condemned untouchability and the caste system. The ideas of brotherhood
and equality attracted the so-called lower castes.
• The reformers taught people not to ignore the importance of women who could participate
in the national movement.
• The reform movements drew their inspiration from India’s cultural heritage and promoted a feeling
of pan-Indianism and a spirit of Nationalism.
b) Repressive colonial Policies.
Ans: Repressive Colonial Policies introduced by Lord Lytton: -
• The Vernacular Press Act : It forbade vernacular papers to publish any material
that might excite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government. The Act was
not applicable to English Newspapers.
• Indian Arms Act : This Act made it a criminal offence for the Indians to
carry arms without license. This Act was not applicable to British.
• Age Reduction for ISC Examination : Maximum age limit for the Indian Civil Service
Examination was reduced from 21 to 19 years which made it difficult for the Indians to
compete for it.
• Removal of Import Duty : The import duties of British textiles were removed. It
proved harmful for the Indian industry.
c) The Press.
Ans: The Press played a significant role in promoting nationalistic sentiments amongst the Indians in the
following manner: -
• It was through the Press that the messages of patriotism and modern liberal ideals of Liberty,
Freedom, Equality, Home Rule and Independence spread among the people.
• The Press exposed the true nature of British Rule in India.
• It made the possible exchange of views among different social groups from different parts of
the country and organized political movements.
5|P age VIG ENGLISH SCH OO L, CHH OTA -GOVINDPUR (By Binod Sharm a)

• Indians became aware of what was happening in the world, which helped them shape their
own policies and programmes.

Picture Study
3. Study the picture and answer the following questions:

a) Identify the person in the given picture. Name the organization formed by him. State any two beliefs of
this organization with regard to religion.
Ans:
• Raja Rammohan Roy.
• In 1828, He founded the Brahmo Samaj.
Beliefs of this Organization with regard to religion:

• Believed in Monotheism or worship of one god.

• It condemned to Idol worship and laid emphasis on prayer, meditation, charity, morality and
strengthening the bonds of unity between men of all religions and creeds.
b) Mention his contribution to the growth of Indian National Movement.
Ans:
• He brought out a number of Journals in Bengali, English, Hindi and Persian to spread scientific,
literary, and political knowledge among the Indians and raise public opinion on topics of current
interest and represent popular demands and grievances before the British Government.
• He also started a Bengali weekly called the ‘Samwad Kaumudi’ and a paper in Persian called ‘Mirat-
ul-Akhbar’.
• He was the Initiator of public agitation for demanding political and other rights.
c) How did the socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century act as pioneer of Indian Nationalism?
Ans: The socio-religious reform movements of the 19th century were great pioneers of Indian nationalism.
• The impact of western education which led to a rational, humanitarian and scientific approach to
life, made the educated Indians realise the need to reform their religion and society. These
movements touched almost every segment of Indian society.
• In the social-sphere these movements worked for the abolition of the sati System, Purdah System,
Caste System, Child-Marriage, Dowry System and Infanticide.
• In the religious sphere these reform movements combated religious superstitions, attacked idolatry,
polytheism and hereditary priesthood.
• These movements fought for the individual liberty and social equality.

End