19AUEN1021 Session

Electric Vehicle Powertrains 09

Programme offered to : 1. Bachelor of Engineering in Automobile Engineering

Year of study : 3rd Year Semester : VI

Type of course : Professional Elective Level of Course : Mastery
Structure of course : LTPC:3003 Mode of Delivery : Blended
What replaces the IC engine in a BEV?
On completion of the session today, you will be able to

Explain various characteristics of traction machines

Explain the classification of traction machines

Explain characteristic curves of traction machines

Explain four-quadrant operation of traction machines

 Traction Motor

•Used for propulsion

•Electrical energy is converted to torque
output in a shaft
•Rail engines to electric vehicles
16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.1. Define a traction motor
 Traction Motor Characteristics
Cost
Size 5
5 4
4 3
3 2
Automotive 2 Rotor Reliability Efficiency
Application 1 Cooling 1
0 0

Fault
Servicebility Power to
Tolerance Torque
Weight

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.2. Explain the desirable characteristics of EV traction motors
 Major Physical Parts of a Traction Machine

• Stator is the stationary part of the machine

• Rotor is the spinning or rotating part of the machine

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.3. Explain major parts of a traction machine
 Major Physical Parts of a Traction Machine

Source: https://components101.com/articles/ev-traction-motor

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.4. Explain how the rotor and stator are responsible for the torque output of a traction machine
List some traction motors that you have come
across.
 Classification of Traction Machines
Traction
Machines

DC AC

Brushed Wound Field Brushless Asynchronous Synchronous

Squirrel Cage Permanent Switched

Induction Magnet Reluctance

Interior Surface

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.5. Explain the classification of traction machines
 Motor in the Powertrain

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.6. Explain assembly of motors in the powertrain
 Characteristic Curves of Machines

Constant Torque Mode

Constant Power Mode

Maximum Speed Mode

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.7. Explain the characteristic curves of traction machines
 Torque and EMF
• Electromagnetic torque TEM
• directly related to the current I supplied to the machine
• TEM = k * I
• k is the machine constant and is a function of the physical and magnetic
properties of the machine
• Back-emf voltage E
• induced onto the machine windings and directly related to angular speed ωr
of the machine rotor
• E=k*ω

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.8. Explain the torque current and back emf speed relationship
 Four Quadrant Operation

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.9. Explain the four-quadrant operation of traction machines
 Traction Motor Specification
➢ Shaft power ➢ PMSM

Continuous = 45 kW ➢ Shaft torque

Ps,max = 75 kW Continuous τs,cont = 150Nm

➢ Speed Peak τs,max = 240Nm

Maximum ns,max = 8000 rpm ➢ Efficiency

Peak torque & power ns = 3000 rpm @ Ps,max and τs,max is ηEM,a = 94%

➢ Number of poles = 18 @ Ps,max and ns,max is ηEM,b = 90%

16AUEN1021 Electric Vehicle Powertrains 2.1.10. Specify traction motor ratings

Summary

Explained various characteristics of traction machines

Explained the classification of traction machines

Explained characteristic curves of traction machines

Explained four-quadrant operation of traction machines

Thank You