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Seminar 2 - Historical Development in Medical Surgical Nursing in India
Seminar 2 - Historical Development in Medical Surgical Nursing in India
Seminar 2 - Historical Development in Medical Surgical Nursing in India
ON
MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
Department of Medical
Surgical Nursing
SUBMITTED ON
1
Topic
Historical development of medical
surgical nursing in India
Current Status of health and disease
burden in India.
Current concept of health.
Trends & Issues in Medical – surgical
Nursing.
Ethical & Cultural issues in Medical
– Surgical Nursing.
Rights of patients
National Health Policy, special laws
& ordinances relating to older
people.
National goals
Five year plans
2
National health programs related to
adult health
3
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
IN INDIA :
INTRODUCTION :
4
HISTORY :
In the Indus valley civilizations we can see the drainage and we will
medicine.
abscesses, seizures, skin diseases including leprosy were treated from that
time.
The herbs were used for the treatment. In 272 BC king Ashoka built
diseases.
Doctors, Nurses and the Midwifes were also available in that time.
5
In 100 B C, the surgical field was the well known by surgeons Sushruta
and Charaka.
Removal of the gall bladder stone and the plastic surgery of the nose.
Nursing in India:
In the beginning the nursing was hindered by many difficulties like the
cast system among the Hindus, the Pardha system among the Muslims
In the beginning period the nurse has a servant image so no one was
6
The military nursing was the earliest type of the nursing in 1664 the
1864 Miss Florence Nightingale starts the efforts to reform the hospitals.
7
1864 - First to train Indian girls as nurses. .
the nurses. The nurses from the England were the in charge of the training
and the students were those who previously received there diploma in
midwifery.
8
1926 – Madras state formed the first registration council .
Vellore.
9
After 1947 the many changes begin to take place. The attitude towards
the nursing begins to change and the nursing begin to see as a profession.
Nursing Delhi. .
enjoy many rights and privileges, but the desired standards by the
10
11
Medical surgical nursing :
settings.
the prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying
people. -WHO
12
or its recovery (or peaceful death) that he/she would perform
-VIRGINA HENDERSON(1966)
Students were expected to learn not only the theory and treatment
of abnormal physiological conditions, but also to provide total care
of the patient by understanding the role of health promotion and the
psychological, social, and physical aspects that affected a patient’s
health.
14
Standards, Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice, written by a
committee of the Division on Medical-Surgical Nursing of the
American Nurses’ Association (ANA), was published in 1974. It
focused on the collection of data, development of nursing diagnoses
and goals for nursing, and development, implementation, and
evaluation of plans of care.
The second edition appeared in 2000 . Both the ANA and AMSN
documents stated that while only clinical nurse specialists were
expected to participate in research, all medical-surgical nurses must
incorporate research findings in their practice.
15
CURRENT STATUS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE BURDEN IN
INDIA:
Introduction :
16
life-years (DALYs)—and an illustration of national burden in Ghana
that combined non-fatal outcomes with cause of death
estimates .Many governments, especially of low-income and middle-
income countries (LMICs), now conduct local cost-effectiveness
studies.
India is presently in a state of transition — economically,
between the rich and the poor. There is strong evidence to suggest that
outcomes.Widening the gap between the rich and the poor has
ensure that health disparities between and among social and economic
17
Many countries, including India, seek locally constructed
death totals with national and subnational mortality rates for 2010–17
and causes of death from 211 166 verbal autopsy interviews in the
lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 2017 using
years (DALYs) for these causes in eight age groups covering rural
In 2017, there were about 9·7 million deaths and 486 million
18
in rural areas. More than a third of national DALYs arose from
rates in rural areas were at least twice those of urban areas for
DALYs nationally. The top 15 conditions that accounted for the most
19
In health sector, India has made enormous strides over the past
decades. The life expectancy has crossed 67 years, infant and under-
Many diseases, such as polio, guinea worm disease, yaws, and tetanus,
20
In addition, non-communicable diseases or NCDs are now the leading
and they share four common risk factors namely tobacco use, harmful
21
Definition :
WHO- 1948.
Henderson (1966)
22
Health is viewed in terms of a person’s ability to perform 14 self-
23
Health is defined as a dynamic state of the life cycle; illness is an
stress.
Neuman (1989)
and becoming.
Tripp-Reimer (1984)
Lyon (1990)
24
Health is defined as a person’s subjective expression of the composite
CONCEPT OF HEALTH :
The new concepts are bound to emerge based on the new patterns of
BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT :
25
Traditionally health has been viewed as “ absence of disease” if
determinants of health.
ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT :
26
Ecological and cultural adaptations determine not only the
population explosion.
quality of life.
The concept supports the need for clean air, safe water, ozonic
unhealthy factors.
that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but also one , which
27
factors of the people concerned. Health is both a biological and social
phenomenon.
HOLISTIC CONCEPT :
mind , and spirit. Treating only the body will not necessarily
his environment.
28
communications and health sectors the emphasis is on
29
Trends in Medical Surgical nursing:
Many patients who leave the hospital earlier are still need of
health care.
of care.
Nurses believe that their better time can be spend at the bedside
practice.
33
Unification is not only a philosophical approach but also an
In the recent years the budget allocation for nursing research has
.care.
procedures.
34
Telenursing
devices,computers,applications etc.
Robotic nursing
Staff shortage
35
Long work hours
Workplace violence
Workplace hazards
Scope of practice
Personal health.
Staff shortages
36
Long work hours
Workplace hazards
Scope of practice
India.
Personal health
mental disequilibrium.
37
ETHICAL & CULTURAL ISSUES IN MEDICAL- SURGICAL
NURSING :
ETHICS :
38
Ethics is the study of good conduct, character and motives. –
POTTER
government.
39
• It is the legal duty of the nurse to ensure that every
to obtain that care for the patient, you have breached your
duty as a nurse.
2. CONFIDENTIALITY
The law requires you to treat all such information with strict
confidential.
3. PERMISSION TO TREAT
40
When people are admitted to hospitals, nursing homes, and
4.INFORMED CONSENT
5. NEGLIGENCE
6. MALPRACTICE
Nurse can be sued for malpractice once have your LPN license.
41
Assault is the threat of unlawful touching of another, the willful
justification, or exercise.
8. FALSE IMPRISONMENT
a room.
acceptable behaviour.
42
9. INVASION OF PRIVACY
publicized.
43
If no report is made, the nurse is liable for negligence or
11.PATIENT SATISFACTION
Patient as a consumer
• SERVICE EXCELLENCE
44
Service excellence revolves around three factors: doctor, patient, and
organization.
45
• Proper Patient education
• Feedback
• Consistent profitability
increased productivity
MANAGEMENT ISSUES
46
It is a considerable challenge to meet the needs of the organization,
1. TURNOVER
neighbouring clinics.
2. FUNDING
3. Workload
many days per week, but nurse managers and leaders are also
47
• Many nurses are unwilling to enter into the nurse
responsibility.
MANAGEMENT-
7. ETHICS
48
• Keeping patients' information confidential.
endanger them.
8. . EFFECT
changing.
participants
49
10. COLLABORATION ISSUES
C. EMPLOYMENT ISSUES
for nurses.
50
• In this section a discussion on the right to work and the right
51
5. UNSATISFACTORY WORK PERFORMANCE AND
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
The Courts have time and again reiterated that employees enjoy
performing employee
It has long been held that the employer has the inherent right to
52
There have been occasions where employers have imposed the
practice.
education etc.
53
• Specialization in cure and specialized care required for patients
ISSUES.
54
RIGHTS OF PATIENTS :
Patient Rights
workers.
2. A patient has the right to know the names and the jobs of his or her
caregivers.
3. A patient has the right to privacy with respect to his or her medical
4. A patient has the right to have his or her medical records treated as
6. A patient has the right to know what facility rules and regulations
55
7. A patient has the right to have emergency procedures done without
unnecessary delay.
8. A patient has the right to good quality care and high professional
her care and has the right to include family members in those
decisions.
10. A patient has the right to information from his or her doctor in
order to make informed decisions about his or her care. This means
given in terms that the patient can understand. This may not be
possible in an emergency.
56
12. A patient has the right to refuse any drugs, treatment or
13. A patient has the right to have help getting another doctor’s
14. A patient has the right to care without regard to race, color,
source of payment.
possible.
16. Upon request, a patient has the right to access all information
only for sound medical reasons. A patient has the right to have
medically necessary.
57
18. A patient has the right to be free from needless duplication of
discomfort.
after care and arrangements have been made and the patient has
under law.
21. A patient has the right to a copy of his or her bills. A patient also
22. A patient has the right to request help in finding ways to pay his
23. A patient has the right to help in planning for his or her
24. A patient has the right to access people or agencies to act on the
58
25. A patient has the right to be informed of his or her rights at the
27. A patient has the right to personal privacy and to receive care in
28. A Medicare patient has the right to appeal decisions about his or
29. A patient has the right to be free from all forms of abuse or
harassment.
30. A patient has the right to be free from the use of seclusion and
and seclusion will be used only as a last resort and in the least
59
31. A patient has the right to designate visitors who shall receive the
the patient.
32. A patient has the right to pastoral care and other spiritual
services.
34. A patient has the right to have his or her complaints about care
resolved.
35. A patient and his or her family have the right to request
cannot be honored.
60
Children and Adolescents
the child. A child or adolescent has the right to have his or her
2. A child or adolescent patient has the right to expect that care and
size, and
needs.
Patient Responsibilities
caregiver.
61
3. Patients are responsible for reporting if they do not understand
health personnel.
planned treatment.
rights of others.
62
NATIONAL POLICY , SPECIAL LAWS & ORDINANCES
NATIONAL POLICY :
place in society and help to live their life with purpose, dignity
and peace.
63
OBJECTIVES OF POLICY
health and social insurance for their own as well as their spouse’s
old age;
members.
64
7. To continually evaluate and upgrade existing services and
field; and
1.Financial Security:
Specialized care
65
3.Shelter:
4. Education:
5. Welfare :
appliances
involvement of NGOs.
66
6. Research and Training:
awareness.
Persons
3. Ministry of Finance
67
5. Ministry of Urban Affairs and Employment
7. Ministry of Labour
68
17. Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
69
3. Ministry of Rural Development (MORD) administers the National
implemented, this scheme will help rural elderly in many direct and
indirect ways.
70
children, inclusive of food, clothing, residence, medical
complaints.
150 elderly.
71
physiotherapy clinics, provision of disability aids, running
Mission (NRHM).
conferencing facility.
72
(iv) National Social Assistance Programme (1995):
beneficiary.
73
•Age limits for IGNWPS and IGNDPS were changed to
74
This policy has resulted in the launch of new schemes such
as
marginalized sections.
75
III. Safety and Security
IV. Housing
V. Productive Ageing
VI. Welfare
Implementation Mechanism:
Territories
76
Recent Initiatives under NPOP
account holders 18–70 years old can join the scheme. It offers a
Yojana),
77
It is proposed to link this to bank accounts of
78
8. Establishment of South Asia Senior Citizen Forum(SASCF):
ageing population.
The policy should emphasise the need for expansion of social and
population lives.
79
Fifth Plan (1974 – 79)
Communicable Diseases
80
Non-Communicable Diseases, Injury & Trauma
and Stroke
(NPPCF)
Other programs
2. ICDS scheme
81
Ministry of Social Welfare
CONCLUSION:
Issues which seem not feasible, and ideal, may become practice
82
Nurses have to juggle various roles. It is a nurse’s professional
83
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
BOOK REFERENCES :
Elsevier; 2015
Smeltzer CS, Bare GB, Hinkle LJ, Cheever HK. Brunner &
84
Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P.A., & Hall, A.M.
Elsevier.
Elsevier/Mosby.
85
JOURNAL REFERENCES :
510.
e1041.
86
NET REFERENCES :
https://www.thebetterindia.com/158829/patient-right-hospital-
law/
https://www.nashunchealthcare.org/patients-visitors/patient-
rights-and-responsibilities/
https://www.slideshare.net/EDWINjose43/trends-and-issues-in-
medical-surgical-nursing
researchgate.net/publication/
349123161_Issues_and_Trends_in_Medical_Surgical_Nursing
https://www.slideshare.net/induviju/gericon-national-policy-for-
elderly
https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/dnpsc.pdf
https://www.nhp.gov.in/nhpfiles/
national_health_policy_2017.pdf
https://www.nhp.gov.in/healthprogramme/national-health-
programmes
https://www.slideshare.net/Ipsita077/national-health-programs-
75454974
87
www.hatepsm.com/blog/list-national-health-programs-along-
brief-description-each
88
ealth is defined or understood is
important for
89
both health professionals and patients to
plan healthcare
interventions and health promotion
programs. However,
health concept is considered complex and
includes multiple
dimensions
health is defined or understood is
important for
both health professionals and patients to
plan healthcare
interventions and health promotion
programs. However,
health concept is considered complex and
includes multiple
dimensio
90