LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

The Utilization of Laboratory Facilities and Its Relation to The Skills

Development of Selected Students in Public and Private

Schools in Lipa Academic Year 2023-2024

A Research Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department

LCC Silvercrest School

Lipa City, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

the Subject Practical

Research II

By:

CASABUENA, ALLEN TITULAR

ICARO, PATRICIA MAY MACUHA

JAVIER, ADRIAN

LASIG, JOSHUA

RAMOS, WALLACE RENE

SULIT, LLOYD FRANK

MARCH 2024

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
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The researchers would like to express prodigious appreciation and

heartfelt gratitude to all people, in a collaborative effort, for the fulfilment

of this scholastic pursuit.

First and foremost, to the great Almighty Lord who bestows the

researchers the vigour and fortitude to surpass the crests and troughs

that this scholastic endeavour has, reverence and endless gratitude were

made in every prayer and supplication. His Glory, mercy and grace and

unfailing and unconditional love, which they are continually thankful for,

greatly encouraged them throughout the completion of the study.

To our Research Adviser, Nardito C. Quinones, for his invaluable

guidance, support, and encouragement throughout our research project.

His extensive knowledge and expertise in the field provided us with

endless opportunities to learn and grow, and hir insightful comments and

timely feedback helped us to shape our research into a coherent and well-

structured project.

To the Panelists, we would like to express our sincere gratitude for

their invaluable contributions and insightful input during our discussion.

We greatly appreciate their time, effort, and expertise in sharing their

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
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thoughts and ideas on the topic at hand. Their contribution has been

instrumental in enriching our understanding of the subject matter. We

acknowledge and thank each panelist for their valuable contribution and

for making this research a meaningful and enriching experience for all.

To our Family, we would like to express our appreciation for their

unwavering love, support, and encouragement throughout our life. Your

constant support and understanding have been a source of strength and

inspiration for us, and we could not have accomplished all that we have

without your support.

To our Friends, we acknowledge your contribution to our lives and

extend our sincere appreciation for all that you have done for us. Your

presence in our lives has made a significant difference, and we hope to

cherish this beautiful friendship forever.

DEDICATION

Dedicated to those who have been affected by the subject of this

research, may the findings and insights gathered from this study

contribute to a better understanding and improvement of their lives. To the

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

researchers loved ones, who have provided unwavering support and

encouragement throughout this journey, thank you for being my constant

source of inspiration. And to the countless individuals who have

contributed to this field of research, the research group offer their deepest

gratitude for paving the way and providing the foundation for this study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Introduction...................................................................................................1

Background of the Study...............................................................................5

Objectives.....................................................................................................8

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Statement of the Problem............................................................................10

Scope and Delimitation...............................................................................11

Significance of the Study............................................................................12

Definition of Terms.....................................................................................14

CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY

Synthesis…………………………………………………………………………….23

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Research Design……………………………………………………………………26

Respondents of the Study………………………………………………………….27

Data Gathering Instrument…………………………………………………………28

Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………………………………31

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….32

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Student involvement and participation in the learning process are

crucial for meaningful learning, especially in science education. When

establishing a school, it is crucial that it must fulfill its role as a nurturing

environment set out to offer students the quality education required for

their future respective fields. Consequently, these schools must be

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
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equipped with appropriate facilities essential for an effective learning

system. A primary example of these kinds of facilities is a laboratory,

which has been a distinctive feature in education. Its introduction has

proved successful because students will go out from the laboratories able

to “see and do” (Hoftein and Lunetta, 1992).

Franklin, (2008) maintains that through laboratory facilities, schools

can impact their students' attachment, commitment to all science

activities, and academic accomplishment. Laboratory is an essential piece

to able to implement Practice Learning, the “learning by doing method”,

an essential activity for students to improve their competence (Slamik-

Krijestorac et al., 2021). Igwe, (2003) implicates that regardless of the

type of laboratory, it must be able to give students the same experience to

participate in a series of experimental, observational, and demonstrating

activities for students to develop practical and theoretical concepts

through on-hands experience.

It is worth noting that educational facilities and infrastructure availability is

severely an overlooked issue (Barret et al., 2019). Inadequate facilities in

educational institutions are prominent (Ekin et al., 2021), as high price of

tools and machines that meet the industrial standards becomes too

difficult for schools to afford.

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Studying in a private school differs significantly from studying in a

public school. Private schools typically have their own funds to provide

students with industrial facilities, whereas public schools often rely on

government funding, which is insufficient in comparison (OECD, 2017).

As academic performance depicts the level of educational

attainment of an individual, someone studying in a school with inadequate

laboratory facilities will not receive the same experience with schools with

complete laboratory facilities. The sufficiency of laboratory facilities has

been noted to significantly impact students' academic performance

(Okafor, 2000).

With such constant issue at hand, the lack of science laboratory

facilities and materials had led to teachers resorting to skipping some

laboratory related activities especially if improvised materials are not

plausible. At such circumstance this hinders the realization of

competencies needed by learners (Abas, 2020).

Additionally, the lack of laboratory facilities not only impacts

students' academic performance but also limits their exposure to real-

world applications of scientific principles. Without adequate laboratory

resources, students miss out on opportunities to develop critical thinking,

problem-solving, and collaboration skills essential for success in today's

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

increasingly complex and technology-driven world. Consequently, the

long-term consequences of inadequate laboratory facilities extend beyond

academic achievement, affecting students' readiness for higher education

and the workforce. Therefore, addressing the persistent challenges

related to laboratory facilities is imperative to ensure that all students

have access to high-quality science education and equitable opportunities

for future success.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
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The conceptual framework shows the relation of laboratory

facilities on the skills development of students. The input shows of the

accessibility and quality of tools and equipment and also the collaborative

engagement of both teacher and students. The process shows how we

can acquire data through the process of survey questionnaires and the

tabulation and interpretation of results. The output shows the relation

utilization of laboratory facilities to skills development of the student in

educational seminars, watching educational videos on the importance of

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

laboratory facilities and lastly learning educational/instructional activities

as a means of developing the skills of students.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A key element for this framework is the variation theory (Marton, 2004)

that is rooted in the pragmatism and (post)-phenomenology. This supports

that student’s proficiency in using laboratory equipment as a way for a

person to direct his or her awareness on an object. This theory provides

an explanatory framework for describing the conditions required for

learning. It holds that for learning to be brought about, the critical aspects

of the object of learning must be discerned and enter the learner’s focal

awareness. “There is no learning without something learned, there is no

thinking without something thought, there is no experiencing without

something experienced” (Bowden and Marton 1998).

The science laboratory has a direct effect on both students’ attitudes and

academic performance as per the instructional theory of learning

interaction. The aforementioned theory aims to describe how to help

people and develop, and create conditions that boost the chance of

learning and improve instruction (Reigeluth, Charles, 2013). It is

generally believed that constant practice leads to proficiency in what the

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

learner learns during classroom instruction; hence, the dictum “practice

makes perfect” (Hager, 1974).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

According to Doerfert (2011), recognizing the correlation between

teaching methods and student success is a crucial endeavor aimed at

enhancing science achievement. However, minimal research has been

undertaken to assess the influence of laboratories on academic

performance. In light of this, the goal of this research is to investigate and

answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Economic Status

d. Educational Attainment

2. What strategies can be implemented to optimize the utilization of

laboratory facilities and enhance skill development outcomes

among STEM students, particularly those who have insufficient

resources?

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

3. How does challenges encountered by students in utilizing

laboratory facilities, encompassing factors such as accessibility

and resources, affect their overall skill development outcomes?

4. How does the integration of laboratory activities and practices

contribute to the quality and development skills of students in both

private and public schools?

5. To what extent does the type of educational institution, such as a

public and private school influence the range and quality of science

laboratory experiences available for skills development of Stem

students?

6. Is there any significant relationship between the utilization of

laboratory facilities and the respondent’s skill development?

7. Based on the findings, what plan of action should the researcher

propose to optimize the utilization of laboratory facilities and

enhance student’s skill development?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research aims to investigate the correlation between the use

of laboratory facilities and skills development among selected students in

Public and Private Schools in Lipa City. In addition, researchers would

provide surveys to gather quantitative data on the nature of laboratory

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
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facility use, perceived impact on skills development, and self-reported skill

levels before and after utilizing the laboratory facilities. The study will

focus on the period 2023-2024 and will be carried out at LCC Silvercrest

Senior School.

The participants for this research are limited to selected students

currently enrolled in both Public and Private Schools within Lipa City.

Furthermore, non-students of public and private schools are prohibited

from participating in the interview activity. The interview activity was

conducted by or for the institution's benefit and therefore, is restricted to

those enrolled. Additionally, it was to ensure that only the intended

audience was present during the interview activity. Allowing non-students

to participate could compromise the integrity of the interview process.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Investigating the role of laboratory facilities in students' skill

development is vital. Understanding how laboratories contribute to skill

enhancement is crucial for educators. This study aims to uncover the

significance of lab utilization in shaping students' skills. By grasping this

impact, educators can optimize lab use to enhance student competencies,

ultimately improving academic performance and overall growth.

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Correspondingly, certain individuals have been the target audience

as the beneficiaries of the research study as these individuals would be

the ones that will be directly affected by the results of the research study.

These individuals are listed below:

Students. This study gives information to the students and

examines the learning of the students in the complete and lacking

equipment, which impacts the students in various schools and will make

them difficult to learn.

Teachers. This study will assist teachers in providing focused

assistance to students by allowing them to examine how the

completeness and absence of equipment in the school laboratory affect

their learning.

Schools and Universities. The research study can help schools

and universities understand the relation between laboratory facilities and

skills development of students that will improve experience of the

students.

Parents. This study will help them identify the factors that

contribute to the suffering of their children's lack of learning. Some

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

schools are equipped with equipment, and others are not, so the learning

of the students is different. and they have difficulty learning.

Future Researchers. This study will assist them in identifying

knowledge, allowing them to focus their efforts on addressing unresolved

problems. They can utilize this study as a foundation for their work.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Laboratory facilities is a place equipped for experimental study in a

science or for testing and analysis. In this study, we define laboratory

facilities as facilities where students actively engage in scientific

exploration, experimentation, and learning experiences that involve

activities and interactions that occur within these spaces.

Skill development is the process of acquiring and improving abilities,

techniques, or proficiencies in various areas such as cognitive, practical,

social, or physical skills. In this study, we define skill development as the

process by which individuals acquire and enhance their abilities,

competencies, and proficiencies through hands-on experiences and

active engagement in laboratory facilities.

Competencies refer to the specific knowledge, skills, abilities, or qualities

required to perform tasks, solve problems, or achieve objectives

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

effectively. In this study, competencies refers to the overall proficiency,

capability, and effectiveness that students gain through engaging with

laboratory facilities and participating in hands-on learning activities.

Students are people who are studying at a university or other place of

higher education. In this study, we define students as individuals who are

actively engaged in the process of learning within an educational

institution and are expected to benefit from access to appropriate

educational facilities and resources, including laboratories.

Academic performance is the academic achievement or academic

performance is the extent to which a student, teacher, or institution has

attained their short or long-term educational goals. In this study, we define

academic performance as measurable outcomes and achievements of

students in their academic pursuits, which are shaped by their access to

well-equipped laboratory facilities and their development of relevant skills

within those facilities.

REFERENCES

Reigeluth, Charles (2013). Instructional-design Theories and Models: A

New Paradigm of Instructional Theory, Volume 2. New York: Routledge. p.

669. ISBN 9780805828597.

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
 LCC SILVERCREST SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Havdala, R. and Ashkenazi, G. (2007), Coordination of theory and

evidence: Effect of epistemological theories on students' laboratory

practice. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 44: 1134-1159.

https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20215

Okafor, P.N. (2000). Difficult concepts in physics as experienced by senior

secondary students in Akwa Ibom State. Journal of Research Information

in Education, 1(1), 114-121.

OECD (2017), The Funding of School Education: Connecting Resources

and Learning, OECD Reviews of School Resources, OECD Publishing,

Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264276147-en.

Hadji, Abas., T, Hanifa., Marasigan., C, Arlyne. (2020). Readiness of

science laboratory facilities of the public junior high school in lanao del

sur, philippines. Social Science Research Network, doi:

10.5281/ZENODO.3835480

Irsan et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 343 012122

Lipa City Colleges

G.A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756 -1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300