Department of Education

Region I
Schools Division Office II of Pangasinan
SAN FABIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Fabian, Pangasinan

NAME: PETILLA, CYRUS KIAN B. DATE: 4 - 21 - 24

GRADE AND SECTION: 12 - ERUDITE SCORE: ______________________
ACTIVITY 1
Validity and Reliability

GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What is Validity? Explain.
Validity refers to the extent to which a research study accurately measures what it claims to measure or the degree to which a
test or assessment truly assesses the construct or concept it is intended to assess. In simpler terms, validity asks the question:
"Are we measuring what we think we are measuring?"

2. How does a researcher test the validity of his/her instrument? Explain.

Researchers test the validity of their instruments using methods like content validity, which ensures relevance and
comprehensiveness through expert judgment. Construct validity is assessed through techniques like convergent and divergent
validity, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing, confirming the instrument's alignment with the theoretical construct. Criterion-
related validity compares scores with a criterion measure either concurrently or predictively. Face validity gauges participants'
perceptions of the instrument's relevance. External validity is ensured by sample representativeness and study replication.
Overall, researchers rigorously evaluate validity to ensure accurate measurement of the intended construct.

3. What is reliability? Explain.

Reliability in research refers to the consistency and stability of measurements obtained from an instrument. It ensures that the
instrument produces similar results under consistent conditions and over time. Various types of reliability assessments, such
as internal consistency, test-retest, inter-rater, parallel forms, and split-half reliability, are used to evaluate different aspects of
consistency. Reliability is crucial in research to ensure that observed differences or relationships in data accurately reflect true
phenomena rather than measurement error, thereby enhancing the credibility and validity of research findings.

4. How does a researcher test the reliability of his/her instrument? Explain.

Researchers test instrument reliability using different methods. Internal consistency examines coherence among items within
the instrument. Test-retest evaluates stability over time by administering the instrument twice. Inter-rater checks consistency
between different observers' judgments. Parallel forms compare two versions of the instrument. Split-half divides the
instrument, correlating scores between halves. These methods ensure consistent and accurate measurement of constructs.

5. Which of the following is true?

A. A valid instrument is reliable
B. A reliable instrument is valid.

6. The statement B. is true. Reliability, ensuring consistent results, is a foundational aspect of validity, which pertains to accuracy
and appropriateness in measuring the intended construct. While reliability is essential for validity, validity extends beyond mere
consistency to encompass accuracy and appropriateness. Therefore, a reliable instrument is more likely to be valid, as
consistency is a crucial component of validity, but reliability alone does not guarantee validity.

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 Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office II of Pangasinan
SAN FABIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Fabian, Pangasinan

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