Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1ba Topography Past Paper
1ba Topography Past Paper
June 2004 – Q1 (a) (b) Q1 b) Compare the natural topographical and drainage features of the
Upper Indus Plain with those of the Lower Indus Plain. [6]
Topography:
✓ -Both areas are flat/gently undulating
✓ -Land higher in Upper Indus Plain/lower in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Both areas mainly alluvial/have active flood plain/old flood plain
-Doabs mainly a feature of the Upper Indus Plain /not or rarely
found in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Bar uplands/alluvial terraces in Upper Indus Plain only -A few
low hills in both areas
✓ -Quartzite/slate hills in Upper Indus Plain whereas limestone
hills/cuestas in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Piedmont plains and alluvial fans in both -Both areas have rolling
sand dunes
Drainage:
✓ -Indus has many tributaries in Upper Indus Plain but few in Lower
Indus Plain
✓ -Indus has 4/5 large left/east bank tributaries in Upper Indus Plain
✓ -Indus has 1 large and several small right/west bank tributary in
Upper Indus Plain’
✓ -Tributaries contribute a huge amount of water to Indus in Upper
Indus Plain but very little water to Indus in Lower Indus Plain
✓ -Meanders/braiding/ox-bows/ swamps/etc common in both areas
✓ -Indus delta at southern end of Lower Indus Plain not in Upper
Indus Plain
✓ -Wider river in Lower Indus Plain /narrower in Upper Indus Plain
/LIP over 1.6 miles wide
✓ –Upper Indus Plain -1.4-1.6 miles wide
Q1 [a]: Q3 :
(ii) What would the most suitable form of transport from Peshawar to Nov 2009
Chitral be for
A a rich businessman? Q3
aeroplane/car
B the delivery of gas cylinders? (i) Name the
road, lorry, rail province A.
C the transport of wool and hides?
Balochistan
road, pack animal, lorry, rail [3]
(iii) Explain the problems of maintaining infrastructure and communication (ii)Name the river
in these B.
• areas all through the year./ snow and ice / avalanche Sutlej
• heavy rain/ flooding / earthquake
• sabotage / accidents/ landslides/ shortage of machinery/people (iii) Name the
• inaccessible/isolated plateau C. [3]
Candidates must explain how the factors affect maintenance. At least 2
Potwar
different factors must be explained, but up to 4 factors can be credited at one
mark each. List without explanation = 1 [4]
A – Hyderabad
B – Lahore
C –Peshawar
ROAD BUILDING
(c) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a valley in Shangla district,
NWFP. • Ideas such as: – Transport so more industries established
(i) With reference to the photograph, explain why agriculture is difficult in – Cottage / small scale industries grow
this area. [4] – Trade (with example)
– Tourism (with example)
– Settlement so more service industries
– Road construction and supply work
– Jobs – e.g. drivers, maintenance, roadside services etc.
• BUT – high maintenance environment / roads often need repair etc.
•
RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
• Similar to above
• Ideas such as: – Can work day and night
– Can use computers etc.
– Opportunities for mechanisation of cottage industries /more light or
heat
– Construction of new HEP schemes
– More tubewells for agriculture
• BUT – can supply be reliable? / problem of shortages etc.
Difficulties (must be explained
• Soil erosion, Problems of terraces BETTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• Lack of flat land, Poor soils
• Other land uses in valley base • Similar to above
• Lack of irrigation • Ideas such as – IT opportunities
• Lack of mechanisation (with reason) – More sales etc.
• Cold temperatures / snow and ice – Construction of infrastructure
• Rabi crops cannot be grown • BUT – cost of infrastructure, chance of damage etc.
• Lack of water in winter, Flooding in summer
CLEAN WATER SUPPLY
(ii) Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area. [2]
Allow 1 general and 1 specific cottage industry
• Similar to above
Specific – carpet, knitting, weaving, wood carving, etc.
• Ideas such as – More food processing industries
(d) Choose two of the improvements shown below, and explain to what extent – Healthy so more working days
these two improvements could create more employment opportunities in • BUT – shortage of water, winter freezing etc.
mountain valleys. [6]
Allow ‘attracts investment’ and ‘attracts industry’ only once unless well
• Road building developed. Reserve 2 marks for each of 2 factors chosen. Reserve 1 mark for
• Clean water supply disadvantage / limitation to one factor. The mark scheme for (d) is not exhaustive.
• Reliable electricity supply Credit what comes that is relevant to employment opportunities. Credit can be
• Better telecommunications give for negative answers e.g. ‘this is not possible’.
Reserve 1 mark for one limitation / problem of one chosen improvement (i.e. ‘to
what extent’)
June 2014
Q 2(i) Name the towns
(i) What are the animals shown in the photograph? [1] A, B and C [3]
Sheep / goats (list rule) • A – Quetta
• B – Peshawar
(ii) Describe the topography (relief) and vegetation of the area shown in
• C – Gilgit
the photograph. [3]
Topography (res. 1) (ii) Name one of the passes
• Flat/Gently sloping, undulating/Small ridges D, E and F shown on Fig.
Vegetation (res. 1) 5, and name the country
• Sparse, Scattered / uneven/(Small) bushes, scrub, trees, thorny (any 2) that it links to Pakistan.
[2]
(iii) Explain why these animals are reared in nomadic way in arid areas. [3]
• D – Khojak pass –
• Search for / lack of food / pasture Afghanistan
• Quickly finished so have to move in Search for / lack of water • E – Khyber pass –
• Move with the weather/No infrastructure for settlement Afghanistan
• F – Khunjerab pass –
(iv) What are the disadvantages of keeping animals in a nomadic way? [2] China
• Overgrazing / soil erosion / desertification
• Low incomes /Difficult to improve / develop (iii) Give two reasons why
• Animals may die / starve / poor quality animals air transport is used to
• Lack of veterinary care / disease spreads easily/Poor breeding carry lightweight or
valuable goods to other
(v) Suggest an alternative way of keeping these animals. [1] countries instead of roads. [2]
• In stalls / stall feeding • Safety / less likely to be damaged / stolen /
• In fields / fenced areas • less risk of accidents/Speed
• Transhumance
(iii) Describe Pakistan’s location in relation to other countries in South d) Evaluate the extent to which the natural topography of Pakistan limits
and Central Asia human activity and economic development in the north of the country. Give
• Western part of South Asia;/ India to the East / South East / North East; reasons to support your judgement and refer to examples you have studied.
China to the North / North East;/ Afghanistan to the North West / West;/ You should consider different points of view in your answer. [6]
Iran to the West / South West;
• Between / shares border with / neighbouring country with China / India Limits to human activity and development
Availability of flat land; Impact of topography on climate; Restrictions to
/Afghanistan / Iran;
developing named examples of industry / farming / other named examples of
• Compass direction to any of the following non-conjoining countries in
human activity and economic development; Restrictions to developing named
South and Central Asia ONLY: Nepal / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan /
examples of infrastructure, e.g. roads / telecommunications / internet / other
• Turkmenistan / Uzbekistan / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Maldives / Burma/
named examples of human activity and economic development.
(Myanmar);
• Distance to any the following non-conjoining countries in South and Encourages human activity and development
Central Asia ONLY: Nepal / Tajikistan / Kyrgyzstan / Turkmenistan / Transhumance; HEP / Hydel / dams; Cottage industries; Tourism. Etc.
Uzbekistan / Sri Lanka / Bangladesh / Maldives / Burma (Myanmar).
June 2019
1 (b) (i) Study Fig. 1.2 (Insert). (i) Label on Fig. 1.1 the province-level areas in the correct locations using
the letters from the list below.
letter Province level area
A. Balochistan
B. FATA
C. Northern Areas/Gilgit-Baltistan
D. Kyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)
E. Punjab
F. Sindh
Describe the main features of the desert area shown in the photograph. [3]
• Sand / sandy; • Sand dunes / ridges / hills / hilly; • Large area / expanse / plain
/ plains; • Sparse / scant vegetation / not much greenery / few trees / lack of
trees; • Small bushes / thorny bushes / scrub / rakh / shrubs; • Barren / bare / dry;
• Oasis.
(ii) Explain the challenges of living in a desert area, such as that shown in
Fig. 1.2. You should develop your answer. [4]
Challenges such as: • High temperatures / hot (during day) / cold at night /
uncomfortable living conditions; • Lack of / little / unreliable rainfall; • Difficult
to grow crops / carry out agriculture; • Difficult to rear animals; • Lack of water
/ travel long distance to find water / low water table; • Dust / sandstorms; •
Infertile soils / lack of nutrients / lack of humus produced; • Reliable food
supply; • Isolated / far from urban areas / remote; • Inaccessible / poor / lack of
roads; • Wild / poisonous animals. Etc.