Types of force

Contact:interactions between objects that touch (Applied,spring,drag,frictional,normal)

Non-contact:attract or repel, even from a distance (magnetic,electric,gravitational)

Force and motion(Aristotle and Galileo)

Sir Isaac Newton
English physicist and mathematician
Has contributions in optics, mechanics, and mathematics
FIRST LAW OF MOTION:LAW OF INERTIA
“A body at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with
constant speed and direction,unless acted upon by an external unbalanced net force.”

Inertia:Explained by Galileo, who said that it is the tendency of a body to resist change in “state
of motion”. It is related to the mass of the object.

How will you overcome inertia?:Apply an unbalanced greater force.

If an object is not moving, its speed and direction are zero. It

means that all forces on it are balanced or equal; hence, net
force becomes zero.

An object that is moving at constant velocity has the same

speed and is heading in the same direction; therefore,
acceleration is zero. This also means that the forces acting
on this object are balanced; therefore, the net force is zero.

SECOND LAW:
LAW OF ACCELERATION
“The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is
proportional to the magnitude of the net force and in the same
direction, and inversely proportional to the mass of the
object.”

Mathematically:

a= Fnet/m

where: a - acceleration (m/s2)

Fnet - net force (N or kg.m/s2)

m- mass of the object (kg)

ACCELERATION
it describes the changing speed or velocity of an object per unit of time.
We can use the term; Is the object speeding up (accelerating) or slowing down (decelerating)?

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

If I use a force of 50N to move an object with a mass of 10 kg,

how fast it will move?

Given: Fnet = 50N

m = 10 kg

Unknown: a=?

Formula: a= Fnet/m

Solution: 50N/ 10kg

Answer: 5 m/s2

If I use a force of 50N that accelerates an object at 5 m/s2, how

much is the mass overcome?

Given: Fnet = 50N

a = 5 m/s2

Unknown: m=?

Formula: m= Fnet/m

Solution: 50N/ 5 m/s2

Answer: 10 kg

How much force is needed to make an object accelerates at 5

m/s2, if the mass is 10 kg?
Given: m = 10 kg
a = 5 m/s2
Unknown: Fnet =?
Formula: Fnet = m x a
Solution: 10kg X 5 m/s2
Answer: 50 N or 50 kg.m/s2
 THIRD LAW:
LAW OF INTERACTION
(ACTION-REACTION)

“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

Always remember:
Action and reaction forces always come in pairs.
Equal in magnitude but opposite direction.
Act on two different objects.
Have the same line of action.
FORCE
is an act of pushing or pulling that cause a CHANGE.
It is a measurable quantity using the units:
Newton (N)
kg.m/s^2
dyne (g.cm/s^2)

NORMAL FORCE (N)

The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object which is in contact with
another stable object. Normal force is sometimes referred to as the pressing force,
since its action presses the surface together. Normal force is always directed
towards the object and acts perpendicularly.

APPLIED FORCE
An applied force is applied to an object by another object or by a person. The
direction of the applied force depends on how the force is applied.

FRICTION- Static and Kinetic friction

FRICTIONAL FORCE (f)

The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or
makes an effort to move across it.

There are at least two types of friction force - kinetic and static friction. Though
it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object.

Friction results from the two surfaces being pressed together closely, causing
intermolecular attractive forces between molecules of different surfaces. As such,
friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces and upon the degree to
which they are pressed together.

FRICTIONAL FORCE (f)

The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or
makes an effort to move across it.

There are at least two types of friction force - kinetic and static friction. Though
it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes the motion of an object.

Friction results from the two surfaces being pressed together closely, causing
intermolecular attractive forces between molecules of different surfaces. As such,
friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces and upon the degree to
which they are pressed together.

AIR RESISTANCE FORCE/ DRAG (Fair)

The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel
through the air. The force of air resistance is often observed to oppose the motion of an object.

SPRING FORCE (Fspring)

the force exerted by a compressed or stretched spring upon any object that
is attached to it. An object that compresses or stretches a spring is always acted upon by a
force that restores the object to its rest or equilibrium position. For most springs (specifically, for
those that are said to obey "Hooke's Law"), the magnitude ofthe force is directly proportional to
the amount of stretch or compression of the spring.

TENSIONAL FORCE (T)

The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when
it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.

ELECTRICAL FORCE
The attractive or repulsive interaction between any two charged objects is an electric force.

MAGNETIC FORCE
The magnetic force between two moving charges may be described as the effect exerted upon
either charge by a magnetic field created by the other.

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE (W)

The force of gravity is the force with which the earth,

moon, or other massively large object attracts another
object towards itself. By definition, this is the weight of the
object. All objects upon earth experience a force of gravity
that is directed "downward" towards the center of the
earth. The force of gravity on earth is always equal to the
weight of the object as found by the equation:
w=m*g

where g = 9.8 m/s2 (on Earth)

and m = mass (in kg)

Sample Problems:
If my mass is 50 kg then what is my weight?
Given:
m- 50 kg.
g - 9.8 m/s2

Unknown: w = ?

Formula: w = m * g

Solution: 50 kg X 9.8 m/s2

Answer: 490 N or kg.m/s2

2. If my weight is 500 N then what is my mass?

Given:
W- 500 N.
g - 9.8 m/s2

Unknown: m = ?

Formula: m = W / g

Solution: 500 N ÷ 9.8 m/s2

Answer: 51.02 kg