Course: Power Quality Week-5 Assignment

1. Consider a nonlinear load drawing a quasi-square waveform of pulse width 150° of amplitude 20 A from
a sinusoidal input supply Vs=220 V, 50 Hz. For the AC supply RMS current, calculate the fundamental
current, RMS current.
Solution: Given that, supply voltage, Vs = 220 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, dc link current, I o = 20 A.
Supply RMS current, Is = Io√(150°/180°) = 18.257 A
Fundamental RMS Current, Is1= (2√2/π) Io×sin(w/2) = (2√2/π)×20×sin(150/2) = 17.393 A
Is = 18.257 A, Is1= 17.393 A,

2. Consider a nonlinear load drawing a quasi-square waveform of pulse width 90° of amplitude 16 A from a
sinusoidal input supply Vs=230 V, 50 Hz. For the AC supply current, calculate crest factor (CF), and
distortion factor (DF).
Solution: Given that, supply voltage, Vs = 230 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, dc link current, I o = 16 A.
Supply RMS current, Is = Io√(90°/180°) = 11.314 A
Fundamental RMS Current, Is1= (2√2/π) Io×sin(w/2) = (2√2/π)×16×sin(90/2) = 10.186 A
CF=Supply Peak Current/ Supply RMS current
CF = Ipeak/Irms = Io/Is =√2 = 1.414
DF= Supply Fundamental Current/ Supply RMS current
DF = Is1/Irms = 10.186/11.314 = 0.9
CF = 1.095, DF = 0.9

3. Consider single-phase uncontrolled bridge converter with sinusoidal input supply V s=220V and constant
DC load current of 12 A. Calculate % total harmonic distortion (THD) values.
Solution: Given that, supply voltage, Vs = 220 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, dc link current, I o = 12 A.
Supply RMS current, Is=Io=12A
Fundamental RMS Current, Is1= (2√2/π) Io=0.9Io= 10.804 A
Crest Factor of the supply current, CF=Supply Peak Current/ Supply RMS current
CF=Ipeak/Irms=Io/Is =15/15=1
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of supply current
THD ={(Is2−Is12)}/Is1={(122 −10.8042)}/10.804 = 0.4843 = 48.43%
THD = 48.43%

4. Consider single-phase semi-controlled bridge converter with sinusoidal input supply V s of 230V, 50 Hz and
constant DC load current of 30 A. (a) Calculate power factor (PF), for Vo= 0.6*Vdc0 where Vdc0 is the DC
output at =0.
Solution: Given that, supply rms voltage, Vs = 230 V, Frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, I o=30 A
In single-phase semi-controlled bridge converter, the waveform of the supply current (I s) is from firing angle α to
1800 with the amplitude of dc link current (Io).
Vo=0.5×Vdc0 (1+ cos α)] = cos α = 0.2 = α = 78.463°
The rms supply current,
Is = Io{(π −α) /π} = 22.532 A
The fundamental rms supply current,
Is1 = (2√2/π) Io×cos (α/2) = (2√2/π)×30×cos (α/2) = 20.921 A
Displacement factor, DPF=cos θ1= cos(α/2) = 0.775
Distortion Factor, DF = Is1/Irms = 20.921/22.532 = 0.929
Power-Factor, PF=DPF*DF=0.9*0.7071= 0.719
PF = 0.719
5. Consider a single-phase fully-controlled bridge converter with sinusoidal input supply Vs of 230V, 50 Hz
and constant DC load current of 22 A. Calculate the input supply power factor (PF) for Vo= 0.8*Vdc0 where
Vdc0 is the DC output at =0.

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 Solution: Given that, supply RMS voltage, Vs = 230 V, Frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, I o= 22 A
In single-phase semi-controlled bridge converter, the waveform of the supply current (I s) is from firing angle α to
1800 with the amplitude of dc link current (Io).
Vo = Vdc0cos α = cos α = 0.8 = α = 36.87°
The rms supply current, Is = Io= 22 A
The fundamental rms supply current, Is1= 0.9 Io = 19.807 A
Input supply active fundamental current Is1a = Is1 cos α = 0.9 Io×cos α = 15.846 A
Input supply active fundamental current Is1a = Is1 sin α = 0.9 Io×sin α = 11.884 A
Displacement factor, DPF=cos θ1= cos(α)= 0.8
Distortion Factor, DF=Is1/Is=1/√(1+THD²) = 0.9
Power-Factor, PF=DPF*DF=0.9*0.5= 0.72
PF = 0.72

6. A single-phase diode bridge rectifier is drawing AC current at 0.85 displacement factor and THD of AC
current is 75 percent. It is drawing 1800 W from at 230V, 50Hz AC source and crest factor is 2.3 of AC
current. Calculate the RMS value of the fundamental active and reactive component of AC mains current.
Solution: Given that, supply rms voltage, Vs = 230V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, THD of I s=75%,
P=1800W, Displacement factor, DPF=cos θ1=0.85, Crest factor, CF=2.3
Fundamental active component of AC mains current
Is1a = P/(Vs)=1800/(230) = 7.826 A
Fundamental reactive component of AC mains current
Is1r = Is1a×tan θ1= 7.826×0.62 = 4.85 A
Is1a = 5.455 A, Is1r = 4.85 A

7. A single-phase uncontrolled bridge converter has a RE load with R= 8 ohms, and E = 120V. The input AC
voltage is Vs=220 V at 50 Hz. Calculate the crest factor (CF) for the supply current.
Solution: Given that, supply voltage, Vs=220V, Vsm= 311.127 V, frequency of supply, f=50 Hz, Load R=8Ω,
E=120V.
In single-phase diode bridge converter, with RE load, the current flows from angle (α) when ac voltage is equal
to E and to the angle (β) at which ac voltage reduces to E.
α =sin -1(E/Vsm)= sin -1(120/311.127)=22.687°,
β=π-α=157.313°, The conduction angle= π –2α=134.626°
Supply AC peak current, Ipeak = (Vsm−E)/R = 23.891 A
RMS supply current (Is) is rms of discontinuous current in the ac mains as:
Is=[{1/(πR2)}{(0.5Vsm²+E²)( π-2α)+0.5Vsm²sin2α-4VsmE cos α}]½= 14.83 A
Crest Factor of supply current, CF=Supply Peak Current/ Supply RMS current
CF =Ipeak/Irms = Ipeak/Is = 23.891/14.83 = 1.611.
CF = 1.611.

8. A single-phase AC voltage controller has a resistive load of 15 ohms. The input voltage is 220V rms at 50Hz.
The delay angle of thyristors is =90. Calculate total harmonic distortion of ac source current (THD I).
Solution: Given that, supply rms voltage, Vs = 220 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, R = 15 Ω,  = 900.
AC mains RMS current,
Is=Vsm[{1/(2π)}{( π-)+sin2/2}]½/R=10.371 A
Fundamental RMS current
Is1=Vsm/(2π R√2)[ (cos2-1)2+{sin2+2( π-)}2] ½ = 8.693 A
Total harmonic distortion of ac source current (THD I)= {(Is/Is1)2-1} = 65.063 %

9. An uncontrolled three-phase bridge rectifier is fed by a line voltage of 440 V, 50 Hz. If a continuous constant
load current is of 50 A in RL load, calculate total harmonic distortion (THD) values.

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 Solution: Given that, supply RMS phase voltage, Vs=400/√3=230.94 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, I o=
30A. In a three-phase diode bridge converter, the waveform of the supply current (I s) is a quasi-square wave with
the amplitude of dc link current (Io).
The RMS of quasi-square wave load current, Is=Io√(2/3)= 40.825 A
The RMS of the fundamental component of quasi-square wave,
Is1={(6)/π }Io= 38.985 A
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of ac current
THD = (Is2-Is12)/Is1=0.3108=31.08%
THD = 31.08%

10. A three-phase nonlinear load is supplied from a three-phase 400 V, 50 Hz, having a 12-pulse diode bridge
converter with 150 A constant DC current. It consists of an ideal transformer with a single primary star-
connected winding and two secondary windings connected in star and delta with same line voltages to
provide 30° phase shift between two sets of three-phase output voltages. Two 6-pulse diode bridges are
connected in series to provide 12-pulse AC-DC converter. Calculate the distortion factor of the supply
current.
Solution: Given that, supply RMS phase voltage, Vs= 400/√3= 230.94 V, frequency of the supply f=50 Hz, The
amplitude of dc link current Io=150 A.
The RMS of 12-pulse converter input current,
Is= 1.577Io = 236.55 A
RMS of fundamental component of 12-pulse converter input current,
Is1={(26)/π}Io=1.559Io= 233.909 A
DF = Is1/Irms = 0.989
DF = 0.989

11. In a three-phase, line voltage of 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-wire distribution system, three single-phase loads (connected
between phases and neutral) having a single-phase thyristor bridge converter drawing equal 30 a constant DC
current at 45º firing angle of its thyristors. Calculate the RMS value of the neutral conductor current.
Answer: 30 A

12. In a three-phase, line voltage of 415 V, 50 Hz, 4-wire distribution system, two single-phase loads (connected
between phase “a” and neutral and phase “c” and neutral) having a single-phase thyristor bridge converter drawing
equal 25 a constant DC current at 30º firing angle of its thyristors. Calculate the RMS value of the neutral
conductor current.
Answer: 30 A

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