Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture 1 Merged
Lecture 1 Merged
Lecture 1 Merged
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Class Structure
1. Comprehensive Review & Applications
2. Basic Structure- Basics
FRs DPSPs --- who implements? ---- FDs
--kind of phrase used--
Amendment CA u/A. 368 w/o State CA u/A. 368 w/o State CA u/A. 368 w/o State
ratification ratification ratification
Fundamental Rights- Summary
A. 14-18
A. 19-22
A. 23-24
A. 25-28
A. 29-30
A. 32
Rights Core Concept Applications/ Exemptions/ Available Available Implemen State
Restrictions For Against tation Obligation
A. 14 • Equality before Immunities Diplomatic Citizens + State Self- Compelling
Law Military Foreigners executory
• Equal Pres.+ Gov. Civil Services
Protection of Parliamentary
Law Privileges
(Affirmative (vote + speech)
action)
-Professional - Personal
capacity capacity
- Civil- 2
- Absolute months notice
civil & & criminal-
criminal until tenure
A. 15(3) Special provision: Women & children Citizens & State Non Self Enabling
Foreigners Executory
A. 15(4) Soc + educational backward classes + ST + SC (1st CA, Citizens State Non Self Enabling
1951) Executory
A. 15(5) Edu. Reservation for backward classes/SC/ST (93rd Citizens State Non Self Enabling
CA, 2005) Executory
A. 15(6) Edu. Reservation for EWS (103rd CA, 2019) Citizens State Non Self Enabling
Executory
Rights Core Concept/ Available Available Implement State
Applications/ Exemptions/ Restrictions For Against ation Obligation
A. 16(4) Reservation for backward classes Citizens State Non Self Enabling
Executory
A. SC + ST (Recruitment + Promotion : Cons. Seniority) Citizens State Non Self Enabling
16(4A) Executory
(77 CA,1995) (85 CA, 2001)
Rights Core Concept/ Available Available Implement State
Applications/ Exemptions/ Restrictions For Against ation Obligation
A. Carry forward + 50% limit (81 CA, 2000) Citizens State Non Self Enabling
16(4B) Executory
A. 16(5) Not applicable to religious institutions Citizens & State Non Self Enabling
Foreigners Executory
A. 16(6) EWS – 10% (from General/UR) (103 CA, 2019) Citizens State Non Self Enabling
Executory
A. 18(1) Military & academic titles allowed (titles ≠ Awards)(All Citizens + State Self Compelling
awards okay) Foreigners Executory
Rights Core Concept/ Available Available Implemen State
Applications/ Exemptions/ Restrictions For Against tation Obligation
A. 18(2) Citizen can’t accept title from foreign state Citizens State Self Compelling
Executory
A.18(3) Foreigners working for India can’t accept title from Foreigners State Self Compelling
foreign state ONLY Executory
A. 18(4) No one working for India can accept gift etc. from Citizens + State Self Compelling
foreign state Foreigners Executory
A 19(6) (i) state can mandate qualifications Citizens + State Self Enabling
(ii) exclusively state owned sectors Foreigners Executory
Rights Core Concept Applications/ Exemptions/ Available Available Implement State
Restrictions For Against ation Obligation
Offences
A. 20(2) Protection Double jeopardy illegal Citizens + State Self Self
Foreigners Executory Executory
A. 21A RTE (86th CA, + Free/ compulsory + 6-14 Citizens + State Non Self Enabling
2002) Foreigners Executory
Rights Core Applications/ Exemptions/ Available Available Implement State
Concept Restrictions For Against ation Obligation
A. 22(1) To be informed & represented (arrested) Citizens + State + Self Compelling
Foreigners Private Executory
A. 22(2) Approved by nearest magistrate within Citizens + State + Self Compelling
24 hours Foreigners Private Executory
A. 22(3) × Enemy alien Citizens + State Self Compelling
× Preventive detention – informed & Foreigners Executory
challenge {22(5)}
Arrest &
A. Detention to be no longer than 3 months Citizens + State Non Self Enabling
detention
22(4)* unless designated authority orders Foreigners Executory
* Not notified yet
A. 22(5) Right to be informed of such preventive Citizens + State Self Compelling
detention & to challenge the order Foreigners Executory
A. 22(6) Right to refrain from disclosing specific Citizens + State Self Compelling
information Foreigners Executory
A. Special circumstances Citizens + State Non Self Enabling
22(7)* * Not notified yet Foreigners Executory
Rights Core Concept Applications/ Exemptions/ Available For Available Implement State
Restrictions Against ation Obligation
A. 23(1) Human Trafficking : No Consent Citizens + State & Non Self Both
+ Illegal Work Foreigners Private Executory
Human Begar : No payment
Trafficking Forced Labour : No Consent
Compulsory Service (C-C-R-R : Citizens + State Non Self Enabling
A. 23(2) Any or All) Foreigners Executory
A. 24 Child Labour 0-14 : No hazardous employment Citizens + State & Self Compelling
To be read with Art 21A: Foreigners Private Executory
6-14 : Compulsory Education : No
Employment
Rights Core Applications/ Exemptions/ Restrictions Available For Available Implement State
Concept Against ation Obligation
A. 25(1) Conscience, Profess, Practice, Propagate (Public Citizens + State Self Compelling
Order, Morality, Health, and other provisions of Foreigners Executory
Freedom Part III)
of Religion
A .25(2) State Regulation of Religious Practices Citizens + State Non Self Enabling
Foreigners Executory
A. 26 Establish, Maintain, Manage, Citizens State Self Compelling
Acquire and Administer Property + Executory
Religious
for religious purposes subject to Foreigners
Affairs
Public Order, Morality, and
Health
• Art 368 : Power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution and the procedure thereof.
• 368 (4) Can make a law to alter Fundamental Rights and wont be restricted by Art 13.
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Class Structure
1. Structure
2. Comparative Review
3. Reading List
Independent + Integrated
Oath
CoM Pres. Supreme Court Civil
Appt. Courts of Record + Contempt
© Criminal
Governor Oath Higher
323A (Admin)(Parl.)(One-Centre,
Judiciary High Courts One-State)
Parliamentary Tribunals
Removal ©
323B (Others)(Parl./S.L.)(Hierarchy)
(SC+HC)
Special Courts (Family)
District Courts
{Family Courts Act, 84}
©
Apptd. By Gov. Lok (Legal Services
Lower Local Courts
State-wise exams Adalats Authorities Act, 1987)
Judiciary
HC Judges interview
panelists (Civil only no
Gram appeal)
Nyayalayas
Civil+Criminal
(Gram Nyayalayas Act, 08)
CJI CJ-HC
Sec.
Registrar Registrar
Gen.
Lawyers Lawyers
3rd Judges Case
Constitution
SC Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 HC
SC HC
Rules Judges Protection Act, 1985 Rules
Contempt of Courts Act, 1971
SC (oath by HC (oath by
Pres.) 3rd Judges Case Gov.)
X Spl. Maj.- II
President
SC Jurisdiction
HC/SC- SC (same question of law)
HC- HC (justice)
1. Original: Writ [32] + Centre/State Dispute [131(1)] + Transfer Petitions [139A(1)][139A(2)] + Pres./VP
Election Dispute [71]
2. Appellate: Civil/Criminal/Other [132] + Civil [133] + Criminal [134] {HC certificate of appeal required}
3. Extra Ordinary Appellate: Special Leave Petition [136] {from any lower court/ tribunal, no HC
certificate of appeal required}
SC can deny SC can’t deny
4. Advisory: Pres. Reference [143(1) + 143(2)] + Inquiry- PSC member [317]
SC Larger Bench
Bench
2-3 Judges (open Binding
court)
Binding SC Bench of co-
SC Smaller Bench equal strength
Binding
Constitutional
bench (Min. 5 High Courts Persuasive
Other HCs
Judges)
145(3) Binding
Lower Courts
under its
jurisdiction
Comparison
215 (contempt)
32+129 (contempt) Suo moto Suo moto
SC HC 226
227 (supervisory suo motu)