CITING SOURCES

Purpose for Citing Sources

Forms of Citation
When a person becomes depressed, partnership can either be a
In-Text Citation source of strength, advancing recovery, or a source of further
suffering, harming the health of both partners (Cordova & Gee,
Requires the writer to cite details of 2001). These are some of the reasons why couple therapy has been
used with persons diagnosed with depression and their spouses.
the reference used in a certain part Yet, according to Denton and Burwell’s (2006) experience, which is
similar to our own, the spouses of depressed patients often are not
of the text part of the treatment in psychiatric outpatient care, and hence feel
unsupported,uninformed, isolated, confused, and frustrated.

Reference Citation
Refers to the complete bibliographic
entries of all references used by the
writer.
Style Guides
APA Style Guide
7TH EDITION

IN-TEXT CITATION
 IN-TEXT CITATION
In parenthetical citations, the author's name and publication date appear in parentheses.

In narrative citations, the author's name is incorporated into the text as part of the
sentence and the year follows in parentheses.

Use signal verbs such as:

acknowledged, contended, maintained, responded, reported, argued, concluded, etc.

Use the past tense or the present perfect tense of verbs in signal phrases when they discuss past
events.
 IN-TEXT CITATION
For work with ONE AUTHOR

page number is optional

For work with TWO AUTHORS

use "&" for parenthetical format

 IN-TEXT CITATION
For work with THREE or MORE AUTHORS

identify the first author’s name followed by “et al.”

 IN-TEXT CITATION
Direct Quotations

For direct quotation with less than 40 words:

1. enclose quotation in quotation marks
2. include page number/s enclosed in parentheses
3. page number must be preceded by 'p.' or 'pp.' (ex. pp. 56-57)multiple pages
 IN-TEXT CITATION
Direct Quotations

For direct quotation with 40 words or more:

1. start quotation in a new line with 1/2 indentation on the left margin
2. include page number/s enclosed in parentheses
3. page number must be preceded by 'p.' or 'pp'.' for multiple pages
4. no need to enclose long quotations in quotation marks.
 IN-TEXT CITATION
ORGANIZATION AS AN AUTHOR
Streefkerk, R. (September 30, 2022). APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors & Missing Info.
Scribbr. Retrieved October 8, 2022, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/in-text-citation/
 IN-TEXT CITATION
For work with UNKNOWN AUTHOR
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
IN-TEXT CITATION
APA Style Guide
7TH EDITION

REFERENCE CITATION
APA REFERENCE CITATION
Guidelines
 4 ELEMENTS OF AN APA REFERENCE
1. author: Who is responsible for this
work?
2. date: When was this work published?
3. title: What is this work called?
4. source: Where can I retrieve this
work?
JOURNAL ARTICLE
BOOK
 WEBPAGE

NOTE: include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over timetle bit of body text
UNKNOWN AUTHOR
RETRIEVAL DATE
SOURCE DESCRIPTION