Circuitos eléctricos y electrónicos

ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
Technology and
digitisation ESO
Electrical and electronic circuits

• Electrical circuits
• Electrical quantities
• Series and parallel circuits
• Electromagnetic control systems
• Electronics

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Electrical and electronic circuits

Electrical circuits

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Electrical and electronic circuits: Electrical circuits

An electric circuit is a path for the flow of negatively-charged particles called

electrons, which flow as electric current.
Electrical and electronic circuits are represented through diagrams using
symbols:

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Electrical and electronic circuits

Electrical quantities

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Electrical and electronic circuits: Electrical quantities
Electrical quantities:
• Voltage or potential difference
• Electric current
• Electrical resistance
• Energy and electrical power

An ammeter An ohmeter
A voltmeter
measures electric measures electrical
measures voltage.
current. resistance.

Electrical resistance and Ohm’s Law

𝑽 𝑽
𝑽=𝑹·𝑰 𝑰= 𝑹=
𝑹 𝑰
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Electrical and electronic circuits

Series and parallel

circuits

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Electrical and electronic circuits: Series and parallel
circuits
• In a series circuit, the current flows along one path through all the
components.
• In a parallel circuit, the current flows along more than one path to each
component.

• A combination circuit has some components connected in series and others

connected in parallel.

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Electrical and electronic circuits

Electromagnetic
control systems

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Electrical and electronic circuits: Electromagnetic control systems

An electromagnetic control system activates parts of a machine at the right

moment for a certain amount of time:

Relay
Cam switch controller

Limit switch

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Electrical and electronic circuits

Electronics

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Electrical and electronic circuits: Electronics

Electronics involves the study of circuits and components that modify the
intensity, direction and properties of electric currents.

• Fixed resistances or resistors: they oppose the flow of electric current. Its
value in ohms (Ω) is shown by a code of coloured stripes.

• Variable resistances or potentiometers: the value of a potentiometer can be

adjusted between zero and the maximum value specified by the
manufacturer.

• Resistances affected by physical factors:

• Thermistors are affected by temperature (PTC and NTC).
• Light dependent resistors (LDR) can be used as light sensors (capacitors
and diodes).
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Electrical and electronic circuits: Electronics

• Transistors: they are switches that are activated by a small electric

current. They have three operating states: cutoff, saturation and
active states.

• Integrated circuits: they contain a

variety of miniature electronic
components, such as transistors,
resistors and capacitors. Integrated
circuits can be analogue or digital.

Basic devices with electronic components

• Timer
• Security alarm

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The ecosystem
Electrical and electronic circuits

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