ZEBAR SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

Std. X – Science (2024-25)

Ch- 1-Chemical reactions and equations W.S.(AK) No.- 1
Name: ______________________________ Std/ Sec: ____ Roll No.:_____ Date:________

1. Choose the most appropriate option:

i The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental
set-up is to carry out :

a) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of nitrogen

dioxide.
b) thermal decomposition of lead nitrate which produces brown fumes of lead oxide.
c) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and nitrogen dioxide.
d) oxidation of lead nitrate forming lead oxide and oxygen.
ii Select from the following a process in which a combination reaction is involved:
a) Black and white photography
b) Burning of methane.
c) Burning of coal.
d) Digestion of food.
iii Consider the following cases:
(i) CaSO4 + Al →
(ii)Al2O3 + Ca →
(iii) FeSO4 + Cu →
(iv) ZnSO4 + Mg →
The cases in which new products will form are:
a) i and ii b) ii and iii
c) iii and iv d) ii and iv
iv On placing a copper coin in a test tube containing green ferrous sulphate solution, it will be
observed that the ferrous sulphate solution
a) turns blue, and a grey substance is deposited on the copper coin.
b) turns colourless and a grey substance is deposited on the copper coin.
c) turns colourless and a reddish-brown substance is deposited on the copper coin.
d) remains green with no change in the copper coin.
v Sunita takes about 2 g ferrous sulphate crystals in dry boiling tube and heat the boiling
tube over the flame of a burner or spirit lamp as shown in the figure.

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 The colour of crystals after heating is:

(a) Black (b) Brown (c) Green (d) Orange

vi The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory,

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct about the reaction?

(a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature
(b) It is a combination reaction and endothermic in nature
(c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by release of heat
(d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature
2. Reason Assertion Questions:
For question numbers i, ii and iii, two statements are given- one labelled Assertion
(A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions
from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
d) Assertion is false, but the reason is true.
i. Assertion: After whitewashing the walls, a shiny white finish on walls is obtained after two
to three days.
Reason: Calcium oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium hydrogen carbonate
which gives shiny white finish.
A. c) Assertion is true, but the reason is false.
ii. Assertion: When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction occurs.
Reason: Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the chemical reaction is
taking place.
A. a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
iii. Assertion: Silver bromide decomposition is used in black and white photography.
Reason: Light provides energy for this exothermic reaction.
A. c) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
3. Answer in brief:
i When a copper strip is placed in a solution of silver nitrate, a shiny greyish white deposit is
seen. Give reason. Also write the chemical reaction.

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 A. When a strip of copper metal is placed in the solution of silver nitrate, copper being
a more reactive metal than silver displaces silver from its solution by forming
copper nitrate with a shiny greyish white deposit of silver on the copper strip.
The solution will become blue, shiny silver metal can be seen.
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s)
ii What is meant by a balanced chemical equation? Why is it necessary for the equation to
be balanced?
A. A chemical equation has to be balanced to equate the number of atoms of the
reactants to the number of atoms of the products. Balancing a chemical equation is
necessary in as every chemical reaction follows the Law of conservation of mass.
iii When a zinc plate is put into a solution of CuSO4 kept in a glass container. It is found that:
a) Blue colour of the solution fades away with the passage of time.
b) After few days when zinc plate is taken out of the solution, a number of holes were
observed in it.
What could be the reason for each observation? Write the chemical equation also.
A. a) Zinc is more reactive than copper. It displaces copper from CuSO4 to form ZnSO4
Blue colour of copper sulphate solution gets lighter and lighter due to the
formation of colourless zinc sulphate solution.
b) Some of the zinc metal of zinc plate dissolves and displaces copper from copper
sulphate solution. This dissolving of zinc metal forms tiny holes in zinc plate.
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
iv Why do silver and copper articles get tarnished when exposed to air?
A. Silver turns black when exposed in atmosphere as silver reacts with hydrogen
sulphide present in atmosphere. Copper turns green in colour when it reacts with
moist air and the green coloured substance copper carbonate is formed.
v “No precipitation reaction can occur without exchange of ions between the two reactants”.
Justify this statement giving a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
A. A reaction in which an insoluble solid, known as the precipitate, is formed is called
a precipitation reaction. And this precipitate is formed due to exchange of ions
during double displacement(precipitation reaction)
eg:
Na2CO3(aq)+CaCl2(aq)→CaCO3(s)↓+2NaCl(aq)
4. Answer the following questions:
i You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the reddish
brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance.
(a) Why is this black substance formed?
(b) What is this black substance?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(d) How can the black coating on the surface be turned back to reddish brown?
A. (a) This black substance has been formed due to the oxidation of copper powder.
(b) This black substance is copper oxide (CuO).
(c) 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
(d) This black coating can be removed by treating the black compound with
hydrogen.
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
ii. Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light or electricity for
breaking down the reactants. Write an equation each for decomposition reactions where
energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity.
A.

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 iii State any two observations when an electric current is passed through acidulated water, in
a container having each electrode covered by test tubes filled with water.Also,
a) Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode respectively.
b)Write the ratio of mass of the gas collected at the cathode to the mass of the gas
collected at the anode.
c)Write the ratio of volume of the gas collected at the cathode to the volume of the gas
collected at the anode.
A. Observations
1. Bubbles are formed at both the electrodes.
2.These bubbles displace water in both the electrodes.
3. The volume of gas collected in cathode is twice the volume of gas collected at
the anode.
a) cathode – Hydrogen, anode – oxygen
b) ratio of mass of gas collected at cathode to gas collected at anode - 1:8
c ) ratio of volume -of gas collected at cathode to gas collected at anode - 2:1

Iv Complete the table.

Compound Colour Compound Colour
Lead Nitrate white Slaked lime white
Potassium iodide white Ferrous sulphate green
Lead iodide yellow Ferric oxide Reddish brown
Magnesium oxide powder white Lead oxide Bright red/orange/yellow
Silver chloride white Copper sulphate blue

v. (a) Define oxidising agent and reducing agent.

(b) Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions:
(i) 4NH3 +5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
(ii) Fe2O3+3CO→ 2Fe + 3CO2
(iii) MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O +Cl2
(iv)2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3S↓
A. (a)Oxidising agents are the substances that themselves get reduced and they
oxidize the other substance present in a chemical reaction.
Reducing agents are the substances that themselves get oxidized and they
reduce the other substance present in the chemical reaction.
(b) (i) NH3 (ii) CO (iv) HCl (v) H2S
5. Frequently asked Questions : (FAQs)
i (i) Solid calcium oxide was taken in a container and water was added slowly to it.
a) Write the observations.
b) Write the chemical formula of the product formed.
A. (i) a) The container becomes hot and hissing sound is produced.
b) Ca(OH)2 is the formula of the product formed.
(ii) a) Lime water turns milky when CO₂(g) is passed through it because of the
precipitate of Calcium carbonate.
Ca(OH)₂(aq) + CO₂(g) → CaCO3(s) + H₂O(l)

ii List any two observations when Ferrous Sulphate is heated in a dry test tube?
A. - Initial light green colour changes to reddish brown colour
- Colourless gas is evolved
- Evolved gas has choking / pungent smell.
iii a) Write two observations when lead nitrate is heated in a test tube.
b) Name the type of reaction.
c) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction.
A. a) It turns yellow due to formation of lead oxide and Reddish brown fumes evolve.
b) Thermal decomposition reaction.

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 heat
c) 2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂
iv Identify the type of chemical reaction in the following statements and define each of them:
(i) Digestion of food in our body
(ii) Rusting of iron
(iii) Blue colour of copper sulphate solution disappears when iron filings are added to it.
(iv) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride
and water.
A. (i) Decomposition Reaction: Carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose.
(ii) Oxidation Reaction: When an iron object is left in moist air for a considerable
time,it reacts with air and gets covered with a red brown flaky substance called
rust.
(iii) Displacement reaction: As here ,more reactive metal Fe displaces less reactive
metal Cu from its salt solution.
(iv) Double displacement reaction: Reaction in which two compounds react by an
exchange of ions to form two new compounds/Neutralization reaction where acid
and base react together to form salt and water.
Write balanced equations for the following reactions:
Sodium metal reacts with water to give sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 (exothermic & displacement reaction)
Barium chloride solution reacts with sodium sulphate to give a white precipitate of barium
sulphate and sodium chloride solution.
BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄↓ + 2NaCl (double displacement & Precipitation reaction)
An aqueous solution calcium hydroxide solution (Lime water) reacts with carbon dioxide to
produce a solid calcium carbonate precipitate and water.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O. (Precipitation reaction)
Nitrogen combine with oxygen to produce nitric oxide.
N2 + O2 → 2NO (combination reaction)
Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
2H2S +3O2 → 2H2O + 2SO2
Lead nitrate reacts with sulphuric acid to form precipitate of lead sulphate and nitric acid.
Pb(NO3)2 + H2SO4 → PbSO4↓ + 2HNO3 (precipitation reaction)
Silver bromide on exposure to sunlight decomposes into silver and bromine.
AgBr → Br2 +2Ag (Photolytic decomposition)
Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 (displacement & exothermic reaction)
Lead when reacts with copper chloride to give lead chloride precipitate and copper metal.
Pb + CuCl2 → Cu + PbCl2 (displacement & precipitation reaction)
Aluminium chloride when reacts with sodium hydroxide to give aluminium hydroxide and
sodium chloride.
AlCl3 + 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (double displacement reaction)

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