oy) 1 GRAMMAR BANK 4A word order in questions questions with be and can you hungry? 1.4 there abank near here? fl sithere? What that noise? Where you born? ‘+ We make questions with the verb be and can by inverting the verb and the subject. ‘She isa teacher. Is she a teacher? questions with do / does / did in present simple and past simple Question word Auxiliary Subject Infinitive Ors Do you live with your parents? you have a holiday last year? Where does _yoursister_ work? When: did you start studying English? What did they _ talk about? + You can use ASI (Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) or QuAS! (Question word, ‘Auxiliary, Subject, Infinitive) to remember word order in questions. If there's a preposition, we often put it at the end of a question, e.g, He can drive. ~* Can he drive? Whe do you live with? 4B present simple 11 you/ wel they hho! she /it O15 | usually work at home. My brother works in the city centre. []_ Myparents don't ive nearhere. It doesn't often rain here, [I Doyou speak French? [IG] Yes,1do. / No, | don't Does he like pop music? Yes, he does. No he doesn’t. ‘+ We use the present simple for things we do every day / week / year, or which are generally true or always happen. ‘+ We use don’t/ doesn't in negative sentences, and do/ does in questions. work works add-s study studies consonant + y+ es finish finishes add es after ch 5, sh x 90/do goes/does —add-es have hae change to-s adverbs and expressions of frequency 1. We often go out on Friday night. She doesn't usually study at weekends, Fm never ill. He's always late for work. 2 She gets up early every day. We have English classes twice a week. O16 1 We often use the present simple with adverbs of frequency (always, often, sometimes, usually, hardly ever, never). Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb, 2 Expressions of frequency (every day, once a week, etc) usually go at the end of a sentence. 1C present continuous: be + verb + -ing 1. A What are you doing? B I'm sending a message to Sarah. 2 My brother is doing a two-month course in the UK. 3 In this picture the woman is standing near a table. 1.26 ‘+ We use the present continuous: 1 for things happening now, at this moment. 2 for temporary things that are happening around now, this week, etc. 3 to describe what's happening in a picture. Pl Ge es Ey tmnetering | aretcting | beating Se Se DZD eto? Yostoh ate eo ce anes 9 if ver fishes in consonantvowel-consonant, double ea running she final consonant and add “ng present simple or present continuous? 1. A What do you do? O127 B I work for an IT company. 2 A What are you doing? B I'm checking my messages. 3 ike this painting, it's beautiful 1 We use the present simple for things that are generally true or always happen. 2 Weuse the present continuous for an action happening now, at this moment. 3 We normally use verbs which describe states or feelings (non-action verbs), e.g. want, need, like, in the present simple, not continuous, e.g. ‘ike Italian food. NOT Loviking talon food.1A 2 Put the word or phrase in the correct place in ‘the question. Where ave you from? (are) b Put the words in the correct order to make questions. you live where do ? Where do you live? 1. Where we park? (can) 1 you a do have car ? 2 How are you? (old) 2 was brother your where born ? 3 Does finish at 8.007 (the class) 3 often he how phone does you ? 4 Where do your friends? (ive) 4 their time arrive does flight what ? 5 Why you answer my email? (didn't) 5 Brazil from is girlfriend your ? 6 Do you often to the cinema? (go) 6 languages how you many can speak ? 7 What this word mean? (does) 7 party the how was ? 8 What time did arrive? (your friends) 8 last go where you summer did ? 9 Who are you talking? (to) 9 there doctor here is a ? 10. Where were last night? (you) 10 come bus to you by school did ? Op7 1B a Write sentences and questions with the present simple. he /usually get up late He usually gets up late. 1B Anna / like music 2 [B] my sister / have a lot of hobbies 3 E]I/ get on very well wth my parents 4 [B] my brother / study English at university 5 E] my neighbours / have any children 6 [2] What time / the film start 7 [he / go out twice a week 8 Ewe /often talk about politics 9 [2] how often / you see your brother 10 E! Sally / go on Facebook very much b Put the words in the correct order. g0 cinema we often the to We often go to the cinema. always before go | bed 11.00 to ever her Kate sees family hardly Saturdays never shopping on go we a to | dentist's year go twice the in they breakfast sometimes bed have usually car | the listen the in radio to in day park every Alan the runs often late Sam is work for often John to go doesn't theatre the visit | once my month a mum. Or 1c a Write sentences with the present b continuous. Use contractions where you can. Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous. The girl in the painting is playing_the guitar. (play) EXkt/snow te isn't snowing 1. My dog's not dangerous. He (not bite) 1 Bl Oliver / wear a suit today! 2 Why you ‘sunglasses? 2 [it’s hot. Why / wear a coat? Ie I wear, rain) 3. Jane / sit in her usual place today 3 You can turn off the radio. | to it. (not listen) 4 Hey! You / stand on my foot! 4 10 find a cash machine. (need) 5 [2] what book / you read? 5 Be carefull The baby your pen in her mouth! (put) 6 we /rent a small flat at the moment 6A you usually at weekends? (cook) 7. she / wear make-up? B No, we normally out. (eat) 8 1I/plana trip to the USA 7 A What you here? (do) 9 [ yourbrother / work in London this week? BI for Emma, She's late, a5 usual. (wait) 10 El they / get on very well at the moment 8 lusually tea, but I ‘ coffee today. (drink, want) 9 She's an administrator. She from 9.00 to 5.00. (work) 10 Mare in Paris, but he in Nice at the moment. (lve, work) Orr rad2 GRAMMAR BANK 2A past simple: regular and irregular verbs irregular went to Turkey twice last regular We stayed at a hotel last summer. FE] He didn’t stay with friends. [1 __Didyou stay for the weekend? Yes, tai WhI]_ Where did you stay? She didn’t go to France. Did you go to Madrid? No, we didn't Why did you go? ‘+ We use the past simple to talk about finished actions that happened ‘once oF more than once in the past. ‘+ The form of the past simple is the same forall persons. ‘+ To make the past simple &]of regular verbs add -ed. See the spelling rules in the chart. ‘+ Many common verbs are irregular in @ipast simple, 2.9. go went, see — saw. See Irregular verbs p.164. 22 + We use didn’t + infinitive for negatives and Did... + subject + infinitive for questions. * Use ASI and QuaSI to remember word order in questions, See 1A p.126. ‘polling rules for regular verbs year, Infinitive past spelling work worked: sty stayed Uke he ade dif ver finishes in study studied y+ iedaftera consonant if verb finishes in consonant= stop stopped _vowel-consonant, double the final consonant 2B past continuous: was / were + verb + -ing ‘Ax 8.45 last Saturday | was walking in the park The birds were singing. It wasn’t raining ‘A Was it raining when you got up?_B No, it wasn't. ‘A What were you doing at 11 o'clock lastnight? B | was watching TV. O2n past simple or past continuous? ‘We were walking in the gardens when he took a photo of us. My sister arrived when I was having lunch. @2:2 * We often use the past continuous and the past I/He/She/ Wt was working. You/ We They _ were workin ga al 22 simple together in the same sentence. We use Tl liste sherk weantworking. |You/We/They weren'twerking. the past continuous to talk about a longer action ee Se Sao TE that was happening in the background when the ama ei shorter past simple action happened, Wire they working? ‘Yes, they were, / No, they were “+ We use the past continuous to describe an action in progress at a specific moment in the past. “+ We often use the past continuous to describe the situation at the beginning of a story, e.g In 1972 | was living in London. 2C€ time sequencers (On their frst date they went to a restaurant. After that they started meeting every day. (On Thursday I had an argument with my boss. The next day | decided to look for a new job. We sat down to eat. Two minutes later my phone rang When I came out of the club, he was wating for me. The accident happened when | was crossing the road. O27 ‘+ We use time sequencers to say when or in what order things happen. ‘+ We use when as.a time sequencer and also to join two actions. | was watching TV when the phone rang. (two verbs joined by when) D then, after thet “The most common way of linking consecutive ations iswith then or ater tha, but NOT afte eg. {got up and {ot dressed. Then /Aftor that | made a cup of coos. NOT After! mades-cup-ofeottee: connectors: because, so, but, although because and so ‘She was driving fast because she was ina hurry. ‘She was ina hurry, 50 she was driving fast 218 1+ We use because to express a reason. + We use soto express a result. but and although ‘She tried to stop the car, but she hit the man Although she tried to stop the car, she hit the man, ‘She was very tred, but she couldn't sleep. ‘She couldn't sleep, although she was very tired. 219 *+ We use but and although to show a contrast. * Although can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.2A Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple. Complete the questions in the past simple. Two summers ago we had_ (have) a holiday in Scotland. Where did you go_ on holiday last year? We" (drive) there from London, but our car ‘We went to Vancouver 2 {break} down on the motorway and we 1 Wow! ‘a good time? : (spend) the first night in Birmingham. When crises aa SEES : wet (get) to Edinburgh we & (g0) a. ane to our hotel, but they # (not can) find our reservation, and they 7 (be) full. We | went with my family {not know) what to do, but in the end we 3 2 (find) a Bed and Breakfast and we We stayed in a hotel = (stay) there for the week. We " 4 the plane tickets (see) the castle and (ouy) a lot of souvenirs. 2 We ® (want) to go to Loch Ness, but we They cost about £2,000. 7 {fot have) much time and it ® 5 the weather like? (be) quite far away. The weather (not be) Rivas borond very good ~ it” (start) raining on the day aici eeabe - we ® (leave) London, and it never ” Oe nnd {stop ‘We usually went out for dinner. ae 2B a Complete the sentences with the verb in the past but the verbs into the past simple or past continuous. continuous. | wes eating dinner, so didn't answer the phone. (eat) She arived_when we were having. dinner. 1 I took this photo when we fertive, have) in Greece. (travel) a1 my arm when | football 2 He met his wife when he (break, play) in Japan. (live) 2 you fast when the police nr a coat ‘you? (drive, stop) when she went out? (wear 3 it when we the pub. 4 The sun when I went to work. (snow, leave) (shine) at the match because | 5 What you at 7.30 lastnight? (do) (not see, work) 61_________when you gave the 5 When you me, tomy instructions. (not listen) boss. (call, talk) 7 They TV when | arrived. 6 We in Cambridge when we (not watch) (study, meet) 8 Itstarted torainwhen we in 7 they__in Rome when they the park. (run) their first baby? (lve, have) 17 2c a Put the sentences in the correct order. A [ll He explained that he was looking fora thief, and then he got on the bus. 8B Ill Then another man tried to do the same. C Of Last week | was waiting for a bus. D 1 The next day, saw the story on a local news website. E [ll When | asked the second man what he was doing, he told me that he was a policeman. F [ll A few seconds later, he got off the bus with the thief G [ll The bus arrived, but suddenly @ man ran in front of me and got on. H Ill After that, a police car came and took the thief away. Complete the sentences with so, because, but, or although. We couldn't find a taxi, so_ we walked home. it was very cold, she wasn't wearing a coat. | woke up in the night there was a noise I called him, his mobile was turned off she's very nice, she doesn't have many friends. There was nothing on TV, went to bed. All the cafés wore full it was a public holiday. She wanted to be a doctor she failed her exams. The garden looked very beautiful, Itook photograph. the team played well, they didn’t win, Or» 129cD 3 GRAMMAR BANK 3A be going to (plans and predictions) 1 Fm going to give a talk at a conference. O36 He's going to meet me at the airport. 2. I'm sure England are going to lose tomorrow. It's going to rain tonight, 1 you! we/ they hhe/ she /it You He [Hl Imgoingto We ‘regoingto She ‘sgoingto give atak They k You He ] Fmnot going to We aren't going to She isn't going to give atalk They k a aa ‘Are you going to give a talk? ‘Yes, Lam./No, Im not Ishe going to give a tak? ‘Yes; he is. No, he isn't 2 We 1 We use be going to + infinitive to talk about future plans or intentions. Iso use be going to + infinitive to make a prediction when we know or can see that ‘something is going to happen, e.g. It’s winter there so it’s going to be cold. Look at that car! It's going to crash. 3B present continuous (future arrangements) O32 !'™m seeing an old friend tonight. ‘She's arriving at lunchtime. El She isn’t leaving until Fria. They aren't coming to the party tomorrow. [2] What are you doing this evening? Is he meeting us at the restaurant? ‘+ We often use the present continuous with a future meaning, especially for future arrangements, ie. for plans we have made at a fixed time cor place in the future. Don't use the present simple for this. NOT }s0¢-an- old rienchonight ‘be going to or present continuous? We can often use either with no difference in meaning, e.g. Im going to see Anna on Tuesday. OR I'm seeing Anna on Tuesday. Is very common to use the present continuous With the expressions tonight, tomorrow, this weekend, ec. and with verbs describing travel arrangements, e.g. go, come, leave, arrive. I'm leaving on Monday is more common than I'm going to leave on Monday. 3C defining relative clauses with who, which, where 1 Thats the woman who won the lottery last year 216 {Achetis person whe cooks food in resturant. 2-‘Aclockis something which tel the time. Is that the Book which won an important rie? 3 Apost office ia place where you can buy stamps. That's the restaurant where had dinner lst week: “* We use defining relative clauses to explain what a person, thing or place is or does. 1 Use who for a person. 2 Use which for a thing 3 Use where for a place. * The verb after where needs a subject, e.g. you. * We can also use which to talk about a place, e.g A post office isa place which sells stamps. that We can use thatinstead of who or which, ‘She's the gil who / that works with my brother. I’sa thing which that connects two computers.3A 2 Complete with be going to + a verb from the list. be cook do get learn notgo notlisten see stay study What film are_you going to see tonight? b Look at the pictures. Make sentences with be going to +a verb. 1 your sister to drive? 2 We camping next You're going to love this summer. We in a hotel. book! 3 You in class 3 next year. 4 He a taxi to the airport. * st 2 family meal tonight. 6 You can talk, but | to you. 7 & What you when you leave school? BI history at university 1 Scott the match, 3B a Read the sentences. Write N for now, F for future. b Complete the conversation between two F I'm meeting Joe at two o'clock. flatmates with verbs in the present continuous. 1. © Im living in a flat with two Swedish boys ‘A What are you doing ? (do) 2.1 We're coming back on Monday. Bi! iy suitcase. (pack) 31 She's moving to Canada next month A Why? 41m waiting for the postman. B Because |? to Vienna at eight o'clock 5 [1 I'm reading a realy good book about science. tonight. fy) 6 111 We're meeting Sally and James for lunch A Oh, didn't know. Why? __to Vienna? (go) ‘on Sunday. Bit the boss of VTech 7-H Karls arcving at six o'lock Solutions tomorrow. (meet) 8 1 I'm studying for my maths exam. AWhyS him? see) 9 © You aren't listening to what I'm saying BHeé ona project with me at 10 1 Are they leaving in the morning? ‘the moment and we need to discuss it. (work) A Oh, well have a good trip! v2 3c @ Complete the definitions with who, which, or where. Write sentences with who, which, or where. ‘A postman is the person who brings you your She / the woman / catch the same bus as me parcels and letters. 1 An octopus. an animal____ lives in the sea 1 That /the dog / always barks at night and has eight legs 2 That/ the shop / bought my wedding dress 2 A lawnmower is a machine _ cuts the grass. 3. He / the actor / was in the last James Bond film 3 surgeon is a doctor_does operations. 4 They /the children / ive next door to me 4 Acchanging room is a rom _ people try 5. This/ the restaurant / they make great pizza ‘on clothes. 6 That / the switch / controls the air conditioning 5 A porters the person helps you with your 7 He / the teacher /teaches my sister luggage. 8 That / the room / we have our meetings 6 Gaticisakind offood_keeps vampires away Sore dock: tae 7 Agarage is a place ‘mechanics repair cars. Oz4 GRAMMAR BANK 4A present perfect 1. F've cleaned the fridge ~ it looks new! Osa He hasn't done the washing-up. Can you help me do it? ‘A The concert starts soon. Have you turned off your phone? B Yes, !have, 2 Mary's had her baby! A parcel has arrived for you 1 We often use the present perfect to talk about the recent. past and its relationship with the present, e.g I've cleaned the fridge, so now it looks new. We don't say exactly when, things happened, e.g. I've cleaned the fridge. NOT I've cleaned the fridge ten minutes ago. 2 We often use the present perfect to give recent news. fates noone pte i a SS are eel ace Wo/Se/ktae e/a /ks he/she ihe ie We have ‘We've ‘We haven't — ees Re ee SE een poate eeu ee vwmeee + For regular verbs the past participle isthe same asthe past simple (+ -ed) For irregular verbs the past participle i sometimes the same as the past simple (e.g. buy, bought, ‘bought) and sometimes different (e.g. do, did, done) See Irregular verbs p68. yet, jus, already 1A Have you fished your homework yet? B Novnet yet Ihever' finshed yet 2 Mysister’s just started anv job 3. A Do youwant to see this film? B No, I've already seen it three times, + We often use yet, just, and already with the present perfect. 1 We use yet + the present perfect in m and cl sentences to ask something has happened or to say ifit hasn't happened. We put yer at the end of the ser 2 We use just in sentences to say that something happened very recently. We put just before the main verb, 3 We use already in sentences to say that something happened before now or earlier than expected. We put already before the main verb. 4B present perfect or past simple? (1) present perfe : experiences and unfinished time Oa19 She's been to New York three times. Have you ever been to Ikea? (ve never met Nina's husband. He's seen that film twice. ‘+ We often use the present perfect to talk about past. experiences or to talk about the recent past when we don't specify a time. In questions and negatives we often use ever (= at any time in your life) and never. present perfect or past simple? ‘A Have you ever been to Mexico? B Yes, | have. ‘A When did you go there? B | went last year. A Jack's broken his leg. B Oh no! When did that happen? ‘A Yesterday. He broke i playing football. 04.20 + Conversations about experiences or the recent past often begin in the present perfect (with a general question or some news) and then change to the past simple to ask for or give specific details, e.g. when, what, where, who with, etc, D been and gone Compare the present perfect of be and go. Mike as been to Paris. = He went to Pais and came back. Mike has gone to Pars. = He's in Pais now. 4C something, anything, nothing, etc. Somebody /Someone has taken my pen! 4.22 Iie speak to anybody / anyone all weekend. [2] Did anybody / anyone phone? [Z1No, nobody /no one. Nobody / No one phoned. I bought something for dinner. I did't do anything atthe weekend. {ls there anything in the fridge? 1 No, nothing. There’ nothing in the fridge. Let's go somewhere this weekend. [5] We did't go anywhere this summer {le there anywhere to park? [H1No, nowhere. There's nowhere to park. people things places + We use somebody / someone, something, somewhere, etc. with ‘aver when you don't say exactly who, what, or where, + We use anybody / anyone, anything, enywhere in questions and negatives. We can also use somethingiin a request or offer, e.g Can you buy some milk? Would you like something to dink? I didn’t do anything last night. NOT teidn'tde-nothing: + We use nobody /no one, nothing, nowhere in short answers or in asentence with alBiverb. D any, anything, et. + postive verb We also use any, anything etc. + positive verb to mean ‘it doesn't matter what, who, ete, 0. You can come any dy. = It doesn't matter which day you come. Anybody can come tothe party. = It doesnt matter who comes. Jean sloop anywhore. = It doesn't mater where | seep. You can bring anything. = Itdoesa't matter what you bring.4A a Write sentences with the present perfect. i He / clean the car He's cleaned the car. 1B She / buy anew jacket b Write sentences or questions with yet, just, or already. He / arrive. (already) Ho's already arrived. 1 Ihave / breakfast. (just) 2 E)He /find a job yet 2 you / finish / your dinner? (yet) 3 B/you speak to Mr Jackson 3. The film / star. (already) We / find a fantastic hotel 4 1/ not meet /his girlfriend. (yet) 5 El They /finish eating 5 They / get married. (just) 6 Bi /you see Peter recently 6 You'e too late. He / go / home. (already) 7 B /you do your homework 7 We / speak / to him. (just) 8 We /reply to their email yet 8 1/not read / his new book. (yet) 4B a Complete with the verb in the present b Complete the conversation with the present perfect or perfect. past simple. Have. you ever broken. your leg? (break) A Have you been _ to the new shopping centre? (be) 1 you ever B Yes,1" there last month — it? great. clothes from that shop? (buy) (go, be) 21 always Ae you anything? (buy) 2 pair of designer sunglasses. want) Bit ‘anew pair of shoes. (get) 31 this book. Is it good? (not read) AS they expensive? (be) 4 We to the new shopping B Yes, very! you any new clothes centre, (not be) recent? (buy) 5 your brother ever ‘A No, but my boyfriend ” me a jacket for my abroad? (lve) birthday last week. (give) ae ro South sean baal Complete with been or gone. ecknae his gitfiend!'s A Where's Rob? B He's gone to the football match. family, not meed 1 The kids aren't here. They've al out ° Foi 2 Have you ever to the swimming pool in town? in this restaurant before? (eat) 3 thaven't to Sue's new flat yet. 10 Jenny ____never me 4 My sister has to lve in France and she's rally about her family. tll) enjoying it. 5 Oh, good. Dad's to the shop ~ the fridge is fll Ors 4c a Complete with something, anything, nothing, etc. Are you doing anything tonight? Answer with Nobody, Nowhere, or Nothing. 1 Did you meet lastnight? 1 What did you do lastnight? 2 _____ phoned when you were out. They're going to 2 Where did you go yesterday? callback later. 3 Who did you see? 3 Ive seen your wallet _ but I ean't remember where Co 4 There's interesting on at the cinema tonight. 1 Answer thei questions in'b sith a full eco negative sentence. 5 Did see you when you left the house? 1 Ididytdo 6 Did you go ‘exciting atthe weekend? Qe 7 ve bought you really nice for Christmas! Ghee 8 I rang the doorbell, but answered, 9A What would you ike for your birthday? 8 1 really don't mind. ° 10 There's 0 go swimming — the pool is closed.5 GRAMMAR BANK 5A comparatives adjectives 1 'm busier than I was five years ago. People are more impatient today than in the past. 2 mess relaxed this year than | was last year. 3. The service in this restaurant isn't as good as it was. Os4 ‘+ To compare two people, places, or things we use: 1 comparative adjectives. 2 less + adjective, 3 (not) as + adjective + as. comparative adjectives short shorter ‘one syllable: +-er ‘one vowel + one consonant i ee ‘double final consonent zat | mae cee ‘one sylable adjectives ending in -ock stressed morestressed ores adjective ‘wo syllable adjectives ending in paca | nace consonant +9 + ler flared more relaxed —_two.ormore sabes: more + adjective good better lnregular bad worse inregular for further lnregulr (also farther) adverbs 1. People walk more quickly than in the past. 2 My brother speaks French, but less fluently than me. 3. She doesn't drive as fast as her brother Oss + To compare two actions we use: 1 comparative adverbs. 2 less + adverb. 3 (not) as + adverb + as comparative adverbs vicky more quickly adverbs ending in -b: more + adverb fast faster irogulor hard harder regula well better iregular badly worse iregular ‘D Comparatives with pronouns After comparative + than or a..as we use an object pronoun (me, her, etc) or subject pronoun + auxiliary verb, e3. My brothe'staller than me. My brothers taller than I am, He's nota inteligent as her. He's not as intelligent as she is. 5B superlatives 1 Tokyo isthe cleanest capital city in the world. Spain is one of the most popular holiday destinations. ‘Camping isthe least expensive way to go on holiday @s:2 2 We often use the + superlative with the present perfect + jective comparative superlative 2 its the most beautiful city I've ever been to. ss = It’s the best film I've seen this year cold colder the coldest SaaS aes thin thinner the thinnest 1 We use the + superlative adjectives to say which is the = 7 Rasen aes healthy healt the healthiost + After superlatives we use in + names of places or singular Bestia (ers Beare (Sheree ea words for groups of people, e.g. good better the best Its the noisiest city in the world. Ann's the oldest in the class. bad worse the worst esrahe crac for rata the fortes ao th oth) 5C quantifiers too much, too many, too (not) enough 1 Fm very stressed today. | have too much work Os.7 My boss talks too much. 2 My diets unhealthy. | eat too many cakes and sweets. 3 Idon't want to go out tonight. m too tired. ‘+ We use too much, too many, too to say ‘more than is good’ 1 Use too much + uncountable noun (e.g. coffee, time) or after a verb, 2 Use too many + countable noun (eg. cakes, people) 3 Use too + an adjective NOT H-too-much-tred. Os18 1. Do you eat enough vegetables? I don't drink enough water. 2 Jane doesn't sleep enough. She's always tired, 3. Our fridge isn't big enough for a family of ive, don't go to bed early enough during the week. 1 Use enough before a noun to mean ‘all that is necessary’ 2 Use enough after a verb with no object. 3 Use enough after an adjective or adverb.5A a Write sentences with a comparative adjective or adverb + than. b_ Rewrite the sentences so they mean the same. Use as...a5. New York is more expensive than. Miami. (expensive) Luke is stronger than Peter. 1. Modern computers are much the early ones. (ast) Peter isn't as strong.as_ Luke. Taye Juli peter 1 Adam is shorter than Jerry 2 My sisteris me. (short) Jerry isn't ‘Adam 3 This exercise is ‘the last one. (easy) 2 Your bags nicer than mine, 4 Newcastle is from London Mybagisn’t yours, Leeds. (ar) 3. Tokyo is bigger than London. 5 I thought the third Bridget Jones fim was London isn't______ Tokyo. the first two. (bad) 4. Tennis is more popular than cricket. 6 Manchester United played Cricket isn't tenis. Arsenal. (good) 5. Children learn languages faster than adults 7 V'm____ this year Adults don't childeen, | was last year (stressed) 6 I work harder than you. 8 rm working this year You don't ime. at year. thard) 7 England played better than France. 9. The new airports the old one. big) France didn’t England. 10 Im not lazy ~ | just work you! lowly) ou 5B a Complete the sentences with a superlative. 1s Shanghai the biggest city in the world? (big) b Write sentences with a superlative + ever + the present perfect. 1 The Polish are______people I've ever met. (generous) Ik/good fim /1/ see 2 Yesterday was day of the year. (hot) It’s the best film I've ever seen. 3 Early morning is time to drive in the city centre, (bad) 1 It/windy place /1/be to 4 She's gil at school. (riendly) 2 She / unfriendly person /1/ meet 5 Thisis_ part the exam. (important) 3 It/ easy exam / we / do 6 ________ time to visit New England is autumn. (good) 4 They / expensive trousers / | / buy 7 Delhi in India is one of _____ cities in the world, (polluted) 5 This/long book /1/ read ge ever flown is to Bal. far) 6 He / attractive man /1/ see 9 twas film 've ever seen. funny) 7 It/bad meal /1/ eat 10 Rob's daughters are all pretty, but | think Emily is 8 He / interesting teacher / we / have (pretty) 9 It/ exciting job /1/ do ° 5c a Girclethe correct form. b Complete the sentences with too, too much, too many, or Howi(nuchY many coffee do you drink? enough. 1 leat t00/ too much chocolate You eat too much red meat. itisn't good for you. 2 leat too much / too many crisps. 1 I'mnot very fit.|don'tdo exercise, 3 Do you drink enough water/ water enough? 2 can’t walk'to school. I's far. 4 I can't come, I'm too busy / too much busy. 3 ‘cars on the roads today. 5 This suitcase isn’t enough big / big enough 4 time on the computer ~ 6 Iworry too much / too many. 7 You're always at home! You don't enough 5 Idon't read __-only five or six books a year. {90 out / go out enough, 6 | didn’t buy the coat because it was expensive. 8 | don't eat enough vegetables / vegetables 7 There were ________people at the hospital, ‘enough. 0 it was impossible to see a doctor. 8 I don't like watching films on my phone because the screen isn’t bi ° Orasrs 6 GRAMMAR BANK 6A will / won't (predictions) 1. A.I'm seeing Jessica at six. B She'll be late. os ‘The film's in French. We won't understand anything. 2 I's great book. I'm sure you'll like it. I don't think i'l rain tomorrow. a a be going to for predictions We can also use be going to for predictions winen we know orcan feeserething esha to harrier (ee 389130), 68, Look at the cloud 17 You/He /She/It/We/ They “lIbelate. 1/You/ He/She /t/ We /They won't belt ‘es going torn : They're playing very well Contractions: I= will won't = will not They’re going to win. fa a @ your yous your Will he/she/it? belate? Yes, he/she/it/ wil No, he/she/it/ won't we! they we! they we! they 1 We often use will/ won't + infinitive for future pre «to say things we think, guess or know about the future. 2 We often use I think I don't think /'m sure + will. 1 think he'l fail the exam. I don’t think hell pass the exam. NOT Hhinkhewon' pose: 6B will / won't / shall (other uses) lectans 610 * Weuse wil/ won't + infinitive for making instant won't stay for dinner, think ll go home eary decisions, offers, and promises. We don't use the i present tense. reed VM he 1u with those bags. yelp you with your homework. Shall l open the window? ee ae promises + When an offers a question, we use Shall ..? or "il always love you. | won't tell anybody. Shall we...? ‘Shall | pay? Shall we do the washing-up? 6C review of verb forms: present, past, and future tense example use Oe.17 present simple Live inthe city contre ‘things that always or usually happen She doesn't smoke. present continuous _ He's looking for a new job. ‘things that re happening now or around now \'m leaving tomorrow. things that we have arranged for the future past simple We saw a good fm lastnight. finished actions that happened once or more than once inthe past We did't do anything yesterday. post continuous He was working in Paris. actions that were in progress ata past time What were you doing at 2002 be going to+ infinitive Fm going to see Tom tonight. future plans Look! I's going to snow. predictions when we know / can see what's going te happen wil] won't+ infinitive You'll love New York. predictions V1 phone her later. instant decisions 1 help you offers HI pay you back tomorrow. promises present perfect Ive finished the book recently finished actions (we don't say when) Have you ever been to ran? past experiences6A Complete with will + a verb from the list. a Write sentences and questions with will / won't. aes Use contractions where you can. —_a ee Gi the exam / easy to pass ‘A Do you think the traffic will be bad? It won't be easy to pass the exam. B No, because it's a holiday today. 1 EI think they /lose the match 1. A Do you ike this band? 2 [2 the meeting / be long B Yes, | think they famous one day. 3 El she / get the job — she's not qualified enough 2 A Is this a good film? 4 Bl you /see him at work later B Yes, m sure you it 5 [2] Idon't want to go. it /be impossible to park 3 A Do you think it 2 6 El you like that book B No, it'snot cold enough. 7 [I'm sure she / love the present | bought her 4 & What do you think James me? 8 G there / be a lot of traffic in the morning B I'msure itwill be something nice. 9 [Fl you / find a good job, I'm sure 5 A I'mso worried about the exam! 10 {everything / be OK, so there's no need to worry B Don't worry. mm sure you Oras 6B b Complete the sentences with will / won't (or shal +averb, a Match the sentences. Re shot in here. buy call forget get have help pay take tell 1m thirsty oe 2 thave a headache. ‘A What would you like? B Ihave the fish Tie seciciaa ts har 1 A I can'tdo this crossword. B you? 4 timhungry. 2 AWsasecret. BI anyone, | promise. 5 These bags are heavy. 3A When will | hear from you again? 6 I left my wallet at home. 8 |___________you tonight. 7 I need that photo urgently. 4 Can | borrow €50? 8 Wehaver't got any milk. B When you___meback? . 5A It'smy birthday next week. A lllend you some money. ees B Shall | make you a sandwich? e ; 6A Keel ill. B 1 you home? C Iliget you a glass of water. : 7 A These shoes are too small. D Ilhelp you to do it. i E Fl buy some on my way home B |_______a bigger pair for you, madam. etlilenet tetsu ced 8 A This chocolate you bought isn't very nice. B Yes, lknow. | it again. H Shall | get you some paracetamol? Shall | carry one for you? Oras 6c a Complete the questions with one word. I didn't see you last week. Were you ill? 1 you often remember your dreams? 2 you watch the match last night? 3. Who do you think win the election next year? 4 you been to the supermarket? 5 your brother lke rock music? 6 What you going to watch on TV tonight? 7 it snowing when you left? 8 you at the party last night? 9 the fim finished yet? Read the conversation. Put the verb in the correct form. ‘A What are we doing _ tonight? (do) B We! dinner with Jack and Mary. have) A Butwe? dinner with them last week! (have) B Yes, but they to tell us some good news. (want) ‘A Oh, OK then, ¢ ' some champagne? (buy) B It's eight o'clock! Where ® you 2 (be) A I'm sorry. When I home |? to buy the ‘champagne. And then | Mark in the shop... (walk, decide, see) B Well, hurry up. We ® late! (be) A it's OK.110 a taxiand |" ready in five minutes. (already book, be) wairr) 7 GRAMMAR BANK 7A uses of the infinitive with to 1 Youneed to be on tim. O73 Try not totale too much 2 Ibe nice to meet new people Itsimportant not to be ate 3 don’t know where to go or what to do. 4A Why did you wear a suit? B To make a good impression. I wore a suit to make a good impression, ‘The infinitive isthe base form of the verb. Itis often used with fo. Itcan be positive (e.g. to be) or negative (eg. not to be) + We use the infinitive with to: 1 after some verbs, e.g. want, need, would lke, ee. See Verb forms p.158. 2 after adjectives. 3 after questions words, e.g. what, where, when, etc 4 to say why you do / did something. | came to this school to learn English. NOT forteare English, DD Infinitive without to Remember that we use the infinitive without to with auxiliary verbs (do/ does/ didn't) and after most modal verbs (can, could, wil, would, etc), ¢.g. Do you live near here? Can you help me? | won't forget. What would you do? 7B uses of the gerund (verb + -ing) 1. Eating outside in the summer makes me feel good. 97.7 Happiness getting up late and not going to work 2 love having breakfast in bed Ihate not getting tothe airport early. 3 Im thinking of buying a new car dimleft without saying goodbye. ‘The gerund is the base form of the verb + ing. Itean be positive (e.g. going) or negative (e.g. not going). * We use the gerund: 1 as a noun, e.g as the subject or object of a sentence, 2 after some verbs, eg. like, love, hate, enjoy, ee. See Verb forms p.158, 3 after prepositions ‘+ Remember the spelling rules for the -ing form. See 1€ p.126. 7C have to, don’t have to, must, mustn't have to, don’t have to | Ihave to speak English at work. ‘She has to get up at seven every day E] We don’t have to wear a uniform at this school. He doesn’t have to work on Saturdays. [2] Do! have to buy a grammar book? What time does she have to get up in the morning? ‘+ We use have to + verb (infinitive) to talk about rules and obligations. + We use don't have to + verb (infinitive) to say that there is no obligation, cr that something is not necessary. ‘+ We use do/ does to make questions and negatives, Do |have to. go? NOT Havette-ge? + We don’t contract have or has. Ihave to go. NOT #e-te-go- must / mustn't 1 You must do your homework tonight. ‘She must tidy her room before she goes out. 1 You mustn't leave your bags here. (mustn't mustn't forget to call her tonight. 2] Mast | go to bed now? When must we decide about the party? must not) + We use must + verb (infinitive without to) to talk about rules and obligations. ‘= must/ mustn’t are the same for al persons. + We use mustn't + verb (infinitive without to) to 713” ay something prohibited ‘D must and have to Mustand have to are ver similar, but there is 2 small difference. We normaly use have to for a general obigatin (a rule st work /school or a law) eg, We have to start work at seven. We normally use must fora personal obligation (one that the speaker imposes), e.g. parent toa child You must go to bed now! But often wo can tse ether must or have to ‘mustn't and don't have to Mustr'tand don't have tohave completely different meanings. Compare: You mustn't go. = i's prohibited. Don't go You don't have to go. = You can go if you want to, buti’snot obligatory / necessary Impersonal you We often use have toand must with impersonal you you = people in genera You have to wear 3 soatboltin 3 cae You mustn't take photos inthe museum. O767A a Match the sentence halves. You need to be ready [6 know you're tired, but try In my job it's important | don't know where ‘We were late, so Simon offered ‘Complete the sentences with a positive or negative ive. notbe do notdrive have look for learn not make meet pay I'm planning to havea party next week 1 AHitmDonna. Bi'mRenée. Nice you 5 Winen you give preseration 2. What do you want tonight? Stay in or go out? enema 3 Let's meet outside the cinema. | promise ___late. A to give usaf othe station ay a noise. Your father’s asleep. 8 toshow yourID atthe gote. 5 (d really Ike a new language. C to feel nervous. 6 Be careful too fast - the roads are icy. D to dress smartly. 7 My brother has decided anew job. E to park. 8 The museums free. You don't need togoin F tostay awake forthe party. 7 | Opss 7B a Complete the sentences with a verb from the list in the -ing b Put the verbs in the -ing form or form. infinitive. like listening to the radio in the Je notknow message practise remember inbniege Gitar) study swim teach travel 1 Pilates is good for your health. (do) realy erioy deine. ec. mates me fol get 2 We fred forthe mea. (9 1 One thing that aways makes me happy is in the sea. pcb gaat 4 2 You can't learn to play a musical instrument well without ‘aLiinettarygosdaie = eet nr imnotvery good rections. 4 teenagers is very hard work. eae oat 5. My sister spends hours her friends i ea atop pen 6 thate the answer when somebody asks me aquestion, «|W stopp ede tie 7 by train is usually cheaper than by plane. ‘the washing-up. (cook, do} 8 My bratherwertst9go.on_—___Frenevforatlongashe That hiwdecoiseme can, He'd Ike to speak it really fluently rarloeruph Ors 7c 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of have to. have to. go to school on Saturdays. study very hard — she has exams soon. 2 You buy a ticket before you get on the bus. It costs £4 and the machine is over there. 3 your sister goto London for her job interview? 4 Mike wear a really ugly uniform at his new school. He hates it. 5 We get up early tomorrow. Our flight leaves at 6.30. 6 Harry work today — he has a day off. 7 Canyouwaita moment? | make a phone call 8 we go to bed? It's only ten o'clock! b Girclaithe correct form. Tick (V) if both are possible. ‘We@on't have t8)/ mustn't go to school next week. It's the holiday. 1 You don't have to/ mustn't cross the road when the trafic lights are red ‘What do Ihave to / must Ido when | finish this exercise? The concert is free. You don't have to/ mustn't pay. We're late for the meeting, We have to / must go now: You don't have to/ mustn't leave the door open - the dog will get out. | have to / must pay Jane back the money she lent me. In Britain you have to / must drive on the left. You don’t have to/ mustn't be tall tobe good at football Ors rect) 8 GRAMMAR BANK 8A should / shouldn't 1 You should leave your boyfriend. a2 ‘She's very stressed. She shouldn't work so hard You shouldn’t drink coffee in the evening. I'll keep you awake, 2 think you should get a new job. I don’t think you should speak to him. 1 We use should / shouldn't + verb (infinitive without to) to give somebody advice or say what we think is the right thing to do. should / shouldn'tis the same for all persons. 2 We often use I think you should..or don't think you should. NOT J think you shouldn't. D ought to You can also use ought to/ ought not to instead of should shouldn't, e.g ‘You ought to leave your boyfriend. She ought net to work so hard, 8B first conditional: if + present, will / won‘t + GATE C * Lanzarote iF fn 2 3 infinitive fe got to the airport early, the fight will be delayed. (8.12 you tell her the truth, she won't believe you What will you do if you don't find ajob? Ifyou don’t go, she won't be very pleased, She won't be very pleased if you don't go. you miss the last bus, get a tax you miss the last bus, you can get a tax We use if + present to talk about a possible situation and will/ won't + infinitive to talk about the consequence. The if-clause can come first or second. Ifthe if-clause comes. first, we usually put a comma before the next clause, We can also use the imperative or can + infinitive instead of will + infinitive in the other clause. 8C possessive pronouns Whose coatisit?_ It's my coat. t's mine sz pronouns and possessive adjectives over Whose jacket isi? es yourackt W's yours. a a = a ee ee a ee Whose beg sit? Ws herbage her Whose dog is it? It’s our dog. It’s ours. z ae mine. Whose house is it? It’s their house. It’s theirs. You you, yours. = = te re he ea aol Is it yours? Yes, it’s mine. She come. loves" seat. ts hers. “© We use Whose to ask about possession. te it its, Whose book st? Whose is that bog? we 5 me ea War ctea tent etree eret ‘2 aioe — NOT ismine-book: + We don’t use the with possessive pronouns, e.g Is this yours? NOT isthistheyours?8A a Complete with should or shouldn't. a b Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't +a verb from the list. be buy book drive leave relax spend study wear We should leave now. It's getting late. 1 You a scart, I's really cold today. 21 this afternoon. | have an exam tomorrow. You should lose a bit of weight. 3 You a holiday. You need a break. 1 You ‘work really long hours every day. 4 You look really il. You at work 2 You_____stop smoking. 5 She more, She's very stressed at the 3 You eat more fruit and vegetables. moment. 4 You put so much sugar in your coffee. 6 You 0 fast ~ this road's very dangerous. 5 You start doing some exercise 7 Parents ‘more time with their children. 6 You drink less alcohol. 8 You him an Pad — he's only seven years 7 You drink more water. old 8 You go to bed so late. Qos 8B a Match the sentence halves. b Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. Ifyou leave now, IC If we start_walking, the bus will come. (start, come) 1 The hotel willbe cheaper 1 Ifyou ‘me what really happened, | 2 If you don't hear from me ths afternoon, anybody else. (tel, not tel) 3 You'll learn more quickly 2H itdown, | it not write, not remember) 4 Ifyou get that new job, 3 ______ you _______ me if you _____ any news? (call, 5 You won't pass your driving test get) 6 If lend you this book, 4 She you ifyou her nicely. (help, ask) A if you don't have enough lessons gent) arom Alemipnene, tee B wll panromerber wave baek? 6 You your friends ifyou 10 Paris. (miss, move) 7 you cael, you everything. Casi enh Ne ¥00.aie (listen, understan e t you book it early. i 8 Your boss ___pleased if you late for work ifyou come to every class. today ata, Ba E> fll you cate mote money 91 you home if you me directions, (drive, give) iGieall me this eveting: 10 you ‘an umbrella i not take, rain) Ops 8c a Girclethe correct form. b ‘Whose caris that? It's her herd. This isn't my / mine pen, it's Susan's. | think this book is your/ yours. This isn't your suitcase, it's ours / our Where's Mary? | think these are her / hers gloves. These keys are mine / the mine 6 They showed us all thers / their holiday photographs. These seats are theirs / their, not ours. Is this yours/ yourbag? 9 This isn't my jacket. I's her/ hers. ‘Complete the sentences with a pronoun or a possessive adjective. This isn't my coffee, it’s yours. Where’s mine. 1A Isthat Sue's car? B No, it's her boyfriend's. isa white Peugeot. 2 Maya has a new boyfriend, but l haven't met yet 3. Look. Here's a photo of Alex and Kim with new baby. 4 We've finished paying for our house, so i's now. 5 These are your tickets. Can you give Maria and Marta 6 We're lost. Can you tell how to get to the station? 7 Would you like to see garden? We've got some beautiful flowers beautiful parks. Ore re9 GRAMMAR BANK 9A second conditional: if + past, would / wouldn't + infinitive 1 Ifa cow attacked me, Id run away. Oos If she didn’t have a dog, she wouldn't do any exercise. Would you go fora swim f there were shorksin the sea? 2 If had more time, Id do more exercise. Id do more exercise ifthad more time. 3. if we went by car, we could stop at places on the way 1 We use if+ past to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical future situation and would / wouldnt + infinitive to talk about the consequence. + would + infinitive is sometimes known asthe conditional tense, We azo use it without an fclause to talk about imaginary or hypothetical situations e.g. Id never have a cat asa pet. They'd be happier in a bigger house. + would / wouldn't =i the same forall persons, Contractions: ‘d= would(t', youd, he'd, etc wouldn't = would not. 2 Ina second conditional the i-clause can come first or second, I the i-clause comes fist, we usvally put comma before the next clause 3 We can also use could + infinitive instead of would + infinitive in the other clause. D bein second conditional, With the verb be we can use were instead of was) after he/she 9 Hf dock was were here, hel now what od. Use were (not wan the expression I were you, We often use this expression for advice, e I were you | would take that ob. first or second conditional? Compare the first and second conditionals: ‘* We use the first conditional for possible future situations, If! don’t have to work tomorrow, I'l help you. 's a possibilty. Maybe | wil help you) ‘+ We use the second conditional for imaginary or hypothetical situations. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow, I'd help you. (& I’sa hypothetical situation. l have to work, so I can't help you) 9B present perfect + for and since ‘A Where do you live now? Oo7 B In Manchester. ‘A How long have you lived there? B I've lived there for 20 years. A Where do you work? B Ina primary school ‘A How long have you worked there? B I've worked there since 2018. ‘+ We use the present perfect + for and since to talk about actions and states which started in the past and are still true now. I've lived in Manchester for twenty years. ‘twenty years ago and | live in Manchester now. We don't use the present simple in this type of sentence, e.g, NOT Hive-n Manchester for twenty years: ‘+ We use How long...? to ask questions about the duration of an action or a state, e.g. How long have you been married? for or since? I came to live in Manchester ‘+ We use for + a period of time, for example, for two weeks, for ten ‘years, etc. ve had this car for three months. ‘+ We use since with the beginning of a period of time, for example, since 2014, since last June, etc. I've been afraid of spiders since | was a child. 9C present perfect or past simple? (2) 1. A How long was Janet Leigh married to Tory Curtis? 9.15 B She was married to him for 11 years ‘A How many books did she write? B She wrote four books. 2. A How long has Jamie Lee Curtis been married? B She's been married since 1984. ‘A What kind of books has she written? B She's written children’s books. 1 We use the past simple to talk about a time in the past. Janet Leigh and Tony Cu NOT She-has been married to him for 11 years, 142 * We can use for with the past simple for a finished period of time in the past. 2 We use the present perfect with for and since to talk about {an unfinished period of time, from the past until now. Jamie Lee Curtis is still alive and still married. * Compare the past simple and the present perfect. Jack was married for ten years, = Jack is not married now. He's divorced or dead, Jack has been married for ten years, = Jack is married now. He got married ten years ago.oA a Match the sentence halves. b You'd feel much better (Al 1 Id enjoy the weekend more 2 Ifyou didn't have to study for your exams, Would you really wear a suit Ifwe took a t wouldn't work IF went to live in London, 3 4 5 6 A if you did some exercise. B would you come to visit me? C if | bought one for you? D we could go out tonight. E if didn’t have to work on Saturday. F we would get there sooner. G if didn’t need the money. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to make second conditional sentences. If found _ a good job, | “d move to the USA. (find, move) 1 We a dog if we a garden. (get, have) 2 Ityou Indian food, I'm sure you it. (ry ike) 31 1 it. (not buy, not lke) 4 ifwe acar, we drive to the mountains. (hire, can) 5 We ‘our children more often ifthey nearer. see, lve) 61 to that restaurant if you~ it's very expensive. (10t go, be) 7 You more if you more homework. (learn, do} 81 to work f the traffic s0 bad. (cycle, not be) 9 you abroad if you a well-paid job? (work, find) 10 love living here. | happy if leave. (not be, have to) Orn 9B a Write questions with How long and the present perfect. b Answer the questions in a. Use the present perfect + for or since. 1 you / be martied How long have you been married? 1 you / be afraid of fying 2 | ve been mamtied for _20 years. 2 / your sister /have her new car 2 11 twas about 18. 3 / they / ive inthis town 2 2 She three weeks. 4 / your dad /be a teacher 2 3 They long time. 5 / you / know your boyfriend 2 4 He ‘more than & / Spain /be in the EU 2 20 years 7 [you /have / your cat 2 51 May, 8 /Dan/be inthis class 2 61986, 7 We about two years. 8 He last month. Orr 9c a Girclethe correct form. b Complete with the present perfect or past simple. ‘She was /Ghe’s been since May. 1 Martin left / Martin has left school two years ago, 2 I lived I've lived in Cardi for two years, but then | moved to Swansea 3. Anna was / Anna's been in this company since Apri 4 My sister had / My sister has had her baby yesterday! 5 Iwork in a travel agency. | worked / I've worked there for 20 years. 6 The city changed / The city has chenged a lot since | was a child 7 They're divorced now. They were / They have been only martied for three years, 8 I met/I've met Sandra when | was/ have ‘been on holiday in italy 1. A Where does your brother ive? In Verona. How long Only for six months. He September. (move) ‘there? (he / live) there last @>o> (2 A When ? (Picasso / die) B in 1977, think. n Pars. A How long, in France? (he / live). B Fora long time. He Spain when he was 25. (leave) 3A My brother and his wife get on very well. B How long married? (they / be) A They married since 1998. They at university. (be, meet) B Really? What university 10? they / go) pas144 10 GRAMMAR BANK 410A expressing movement He drove out of the car park and along the street. | ran over the bridge and across the park, ++ To express movement we use a verb of movement, €.. {go, come, run, walk, etc. and a preposition (or adverb) of ‘movement, e.g. up, down, away, ete. D come or go? Wie use come fr movement towards you, and go for ‘movement away from you Dino into? out or out of? We use into / out of + noun, Come into the living room. He went out ofthe house. We use in/outf there isnt a noun, Come in He wont out 10B word order of phrasal verbs 1. What time do you get up? I don't usually go out during the week. 2 Put on your coat. Put your coat on. Put it on! ‘Turn off the TV. Turn the TV off. Turn it off 3. I'm looking for my glasses. ‘A Have you found your glasses? B No, Im still looking for them, D106 10C the passive: be + past participle Present: am/is/ are + past participle 20 billion pieces of Lego are produced 1 CDs aren’t used very much nowadays [Zl Is Spanish spoken in New Mexico? was / were + past participle ‘The hot-air balloon was invented by two Frenchmen. 1 Stamps weren't invented until 1840, [2] When was the watch invented? A phrasal verb = verb + particle (preposition or adverb), ‘24g. get up, go out, turn on, look for. 11 Some phrasal verbs don't have an object, e.g. get up, go out. 2 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are separable. ‘With these phrasal verbs we can put the particle (on, off, etc) before or after the object. When the objects a pronoun (me, it, him, etc) it always goes between the verb and particle. Here's your coat. Putt on. NOT Rutomit: 3 Some phrasal verbs have an object and are inseparable, 2, look for. With these phrasal verbs the verb (e. look) and the particle (e.g. for) are never separated, I'm looking for my glasses. NOT He-looking-my- glasses for, ‘See Phrasal verbs 1.163, We can often say things in two ways, in the active or in the passive, Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. (active) Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel. (passive) In the active sentence, the focus is more on Alfred Nobel. In the passive sentence the focus is more on dynamite. We often use the passive when itsn’t known or isn’t important sho does or did the action My car was stolen last week. Volvo cars are made in Sweden. We ute by to say who did the action, ‘The Lord of the Rings wes written by Tolkien.10A a Girclethe correct word. ost my mobil signal when we went across /@hrougi}a tunnel. 1. We ran to / down the sea, and jumped into / out of the water. 2 Ifyou go over / past the bank, you'll see the supermarket on the right 3. James walked along / across the street until he came to a big house. 4. Look! We're flying on / over the mountains now. 5 The dog started to run towards / tome, but then it suddenly stopped, 6 We cycled over/ out of the bridge and in / into the park. 7 ‘inthe 800 metres, the runners run round / across the track twice 8 The cat suddenly ran across / through the road Complete the sentences with the correct word. ‘Alex jumped into his car and drove away. 1. When I was walking under the bridge, 2 train went it 2 Come The door's open. 3 Thisis the first floor. Go the stairs ~ the office is on the second floor. 4 He walked __ the café and ordered some lunch, 5 Go of the building and turn lft. 6 Go don't want to talk to you. 7 Neycle big hill on my way home. | go really fast Ovz 10B a Circléthe correct form. If both are correct, tick (¥) the box. Tum off your mobile/ Turn your mobile offbefore the fim starts. 1 Tonight | have to look my little sister after / look after my litle sister Let's go out this evening / go this evening out. drop off the children / drop the children off at school ‘My brother is looking for a new job / looking a new job for. You should throw away those old jeans / throw those old jeans away. 6 I don't lke shopping for clothes online ~ I prefer to try them on / try on them before | buy them. 7. Take off your shoes / Take your shoes off before you come in. 8 We're meeting my mother tomorrow — | think you'll really get on with her/ get on her with 9 Ifthe jacket doesn’t fit, take back it/ take it back to the shop. 10. What time do you get up in the moming / get in the moming up? Complete the sentences with it or them and a word from the list. back in on (x2) up (x2) | can’t hear the radio. Turn it up 1 Your clothes are all over the floor. Pick 2 Here's your coat. Put 3A What does this word mean? B Look 4 To get your passport there are three forms. Please fill now. 5 You remember that money I lent you? When can you give 2 6 A Isthe match on TV? B I don't know. Turn and see, Ora 10C 2 Complete with the present or past passive. The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889. (complete) 1 Many of the things we use every day by women. (invent) 2 Inthe UK most children in state schools. (educate) 3 DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953. (discover) 4 This morning | by the neighbour's dog, (wake up) 5 Cricket in the summer in the UK. (play) 6 The songs on this album last year. (write) 7 Millions of toys in China every year. (make) 8 Carols are songs which at Christmas. (sing) 9 These birds northem Europe. (not usually see) 10 The London Eye on 31 December 1999 to celebrate the new millennium. (open) Rewrite the sentences in the passive, beginning with the highlighted words. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1603 Hamlet was written by Shakespeare in 1603, 1 Christopher Wren designed St Paul's Cathedral. ‘A.smalltalan company produces this olive il ‘The Russians discovered Antarctica in 1820. Spielberg didn't direct the Star Wars films. Van Gogh painted Sunflowers in 1888, ‘The Chinese didn't invent glass. J.K, Rowling wrote the Harry Potter books. ‘They make Skoda cars in the Czech Republic. Opes