Toothpastes

Toothpaste is used to maintain good oral hygiene because it is an abrasive that helps remove dental
plaque and food from the teeth, helps control halitosis, and contains active chemicals (most frequently
fluoride) that fight gingivitis and tooth decay (dentalcaries). To clean and maintain the beauty and health
of teeth, people use toothpaste, a complex paste or gel dentifrice. As detergents or foaming agents,
synthetic surfactants mostly SLS (Sodium laureth sulfate)are added in concentrations ranging from 0.5%
to 2%.

Controlling the creation of dental plaque is the most efficient method of stopping dental disease from
occurring. Plaque is a thin, soft film that builds up on teeth, gums, and any oral appliances. Microbial
activity produces it. Dietary carbohydrates, in particular sucrose, help to create plaque and their
presence accelerates the process while also increasing plaque thickness. Maintaining a healthy mouth
requires removing plaque from the teeth and other connected regions.The putative therapeutic action
of the active substances is also mentioned.We have discussed the primary ingredients in toothpastes
and mouthwashes as follows:

 Formular of toothpastes: C12H7Cl3FNaO2

 Solvents
The most frequent solvent found in toothpaste is water. The materials are dissolved, making it
possible to combine them.
 Ingredients used for toothpastes

1. Abrasives e.g hydrogen peroxide or calcium carbonate (CaCO3, calcium pyrophosphate(Ca2O7P2)

aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).

Hydrogen peroxide. This is one of the few ingredients actually proven to whiten teeth.

2. Binders e.g polysaccharides such as sodium alginate, carrageenan and xanthan

PREPARATION OF MAKING TOOTHPASTE FROM COLGATE COMPANY

In the 1980s, toothpaste packaging with pumps and stand-up tubes was launched and promoted as a
cleaner alternative to the collapsing tube. The Colgate pump was first made available to the public in
1984, and stand-up tubes began to proliferate in the industry in the 1990s, while collapsible tubes are
still readily available.

Raw Materials

Each tube of toothpaste is made up of the following components: water, binders, abrasives, sudsers,
humectants, flavors (special additives), sweeteners, fluorides, tooth whitening agents, and fluoride.
Toothpaste binder thickness. They avoid solid and liquid components separating, especially during
storage. Additionally, they influence the rate of flavor release and product dispersion, the amount and
speed of foam generation, the appearance of the toothpaste ribbon on the toothbrush, and the
toothbrush's rinsability. A few binders are carrageenan, methylcellulose, sodium alginate, karaya gum,
bentonite, and magnesium aluminum silicate.

Abrasives scrub the outside of the teeth to get rid of plaque and loosen particles on teeth. Abrasives also
contribute to the degree of opacity of the paste or gel. Abrasives may affect the paste's consistency,
cost, and taste. Some abrasives are moreharsh than others, sometimes resulting in unnecessary damage
to the tooth enamel.

The most commonly used abrasives are hydrated silica (softened silica), calcium carbonate (also known
as chalk), and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Other abrasives include dibasic calcium phosphate,
calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate, and sodium metaphosphate hydrated alumina. Each abrasive also
has slightly different cleaning properties, and a combination of them might be used in the final product.

In order to remove plaque and release dental debris, abrasives exfoliate the teeth's surface. The degree
of the paste or gel's opacity is also influenced by abrasives. Abrasives may alter the paste's taste, cost,
and consistency. Because some abrasives are harsher than others, the tooth enamel may occasionally
sustain unneeded damage.

The three abrasives that are most frequently used are sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), calcium
carbonate (sometimes referred to as chalk), and hydrated silica (softened silica). Dibasic calcium
phosphate, calcium sulfate, tricalcium phosphate, and sodium metaphosphate hydrated alumina are
further abrasives. Additionally, each abrasive has slightly distinct cleaning qualities, and a combination
of them might be used in the final product.

Surfactants include sudsers, also referred to as foaming agents. They cause bubbles to form by reducing
the surface tension of the water. Foam is created by many bubbles together. Teeth can be cleaned of
debris with the aid of sudsers. The most common ingredients in sudsers are an alkali metal and an
organic alcohol or fatty acid. Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium dioctyl
sulfosuccinate, sulfolaurate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium stearyl fumarate, and sodium stearyl
lactate are all common sudsers.

To keep the paste in toothpaste, humectants hold onto water. The toothpaste's solid and liquid phases
are kept together by humectants. Additionally, they can provide cooling and/or sweetness to the
toothpaste, which makes it feel good in the mouth when applied. Glycerin or sorbitol are typically used
as humectants in toothpaste.. Propylene glycol can also be used as a humecant.

Toothpastes have flavors to make them more palatable. The most popular taste is mint since it gives off
a fresh feeling. The toothpaste industry has been long-term conditioning the consumer to feel fresh.
Mint is associated with freshness among Americans. This may have some basis because mint flavors
contain oils that volatilize in the warm environment of the mouth. This volatilizing effect gives the
mouth a cooling sensation. The most popular flavors of toothpaste are cinnamon, wintergreen,
peppermint, and spearmint. Bourbon, rye, anise, clove, caraway, coriander, eucalyptus, nutmeg, and
thyme are a few of the more unusual tastes of toothpaste.

Toothpaste contains sweeteners in addition to flavors to make it more palatable due to humecants.
Sorbitol and glycerin, the two most often used humectants, are about 60% as sweet as table sugar. They
need a synthetic flavor to make the toothpaste appealing. Although some toothpastes contain
ammoniated diglyzzherizins and/or aspartame, saccharin is the most widely used sweetener.

Fluorides strengthen teeth, which prevents decay. The fluoride that is most frequently used is sodium
fluoride. A component used in tooth whitening is sodium perborate. P-hydrozybenzoate is a common
preservative found in toothpaste. Water is additionally used to dilute substances.

The Manufacturing Process

Weighing and mixing

1 After transporting the raw materials into the factory, the ingredients are both manually and
mechanically weighed. This ensures accuracy in the ingredients' proportions. Then the ingredients are
mixed together. Usually, the glycerin-water mixture is done first.

2 All the ingredients are mixed together in the mixing vat. The temperature and humidity of vat are
watched closely. This is important to ensuring that the mix comes together correctly. A commonly used
vat in the toothpaste industry mixes a batch that is the equivalent of 10,000 four-ounce (118 ml) tubes.

Filling the tubes

3 Before tubes are filled with toothpaste, the tube itself passes under a blower and a vacuum to ensure
cleanliness. Dust and particles are blown out in this step. The tube is capped, and the opposite end is
opened so the filling machine can load the paste.

4 After the ingredients are mixed together, the tubes are filled by the filling machine. To make sure the
tube is aligned correctly, an optical device rotates the tube. Then the tube is filled by a descending
pump. After it is filled, the end is sealed (or crimped) closed. The tube also gets a code stamped on it
indicating where and when it was manufactured.

Packaging and shipment

5 After tubes are filled, they are inserted into open paperboard boxes. Some companies do this by hand.

6 The boxes are cased and shipped to warehouses and stores.

Quality Control

Each batch of ingredients is tested for quality as it is brought into the factory. The testing lab also checks
samples of final product.