Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

1-Function Declaration and Definition

You just learned from the previous chapters that you can create and call a function in the
following way:

Example
// Create a function
void myFunction() {
printf("I just got executed!");
}

int main() {
myFunction(); // call the function
return 0;
}

A function consist of two parts:

 Declaration: the function's name, return type, and parameters (if any)
 Definition: the body of the function (code to be executed)

void myFunction() { // declaration

// the body of the function (definition)
}

For code optimization, it is recommended to separate the declaration and the definition of the
function.

You will often see C programs that have function declaration above main(), and function
definition below main(). This will make the code better organized and easier to read:

Example
// Function declaration
void myFunction();

// The main method

int main() {

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

myFunction(); // call the function

return 0;
}

// Function definition
void myFunction() {
printf("I just got executed!");
}

Another Example

If we use the example from the previous chapter regarding function parameters and return
values:

Example
int myFunction(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}

int main() {
int result = myFunction(5, 3);
printf("Result is = %d", result);
return 0;
}
// Outputs 8 (5 + 3)

It is considered good practice to write it like this instead:

Example
// Function declaration
int myFunction(int, int);

// The main method

int main() {
int result = myFunction(5, 3); // call the function
printf("Result is = %d", result);
return 0;
}

// Function definition
int myFunction(int x, int y) {
return x + y;
}

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

2-Types of Functions

There are two types of functions in C:

1. Library Functions

2. User Defined Functions

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

1. Library Function

A library function is also referred to as a “built-in function”. A compiler package already

exists that contains these functions, each of which has a specific meaning and is included

in the package. Built-in functions have the advantage of being directly usable without

being defined, whereas user-defined functions must be declared and defined before being

used.

For Example:

pow(), sqrt(), strcmp(), strcpy() etc.

Advantages of C library functions

1. C Library functions are easy to use and optimized for better performance.

2. C library functions save a lot of time i.e, function development time.

3. C library functions are convenient as they always work.

2. User Defined Function

Functions that the programmer creates are known as User-Defined functions or “tailor-

made functions”. User-defined functions can be improved and modified according to the

need of the programmer. Whenever we write a function that is case-specific and is not

defined in any header file, we need to declare and define our own functions according to

the syntax.

Advantages of User-Defined Functions

1. Changeable functions can be modified as per need.

2. The Code of these functions is reusable in other programs.

3. These functions are easy to understand, debug and maintain.

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

Example:

3- Passing Parameters to Functions

The data passed when the function is being invoked is known as the Actual parameters. In

the below program, 10 and 30 are known as actual parameters. Formal Parameters are

the variable and the data type as mentioned in the function declaration. In the below

program, a and b are known as formal parameters.

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

We can pass arguments to the C function in two ways:

1. Pass by Value

2. Pass by Reference

1. Pass by Value

Parameter passing in this method copies values from actual parameters into formal

function parameters. As a result, any changes made inside the functions do not reflect in

the caller’s parameters.

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

Example:

Output

2. Pass by Reference

The caller’s actual parameters and the function’s actual parameters refer to the same

locations, so any changes made inside the function are reflected in the caller’s actual

parameters.

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Algorithmic and DYNAMIC data structure Chapter 8: C Function Declaration and Definition

Example:

Output

Advantages of Functions in C

Functions in C is a highly useful feature of C with many advantages as mentioned below:

1. The function can reduce the repetition of the same statements in the program.

2. The function makes code readable by providing modularity to our program.

3. There is no fixed number of calling functions it can be called as many times as you want.

4. The function reduces the size of the program.

5. Once the function is declared you can just use it without thinking about the internal
working of the function.