NonWoven

Fabric
Production
I.T MELISSA CORTÉS
UPB
 DEFINITIONS
Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as web structures bonded
together by entangling fibres mechanically, thermally fusing the fibres
or chemically bonding the fibres. Nonwovens are defined more exactly
by various bodies one of the most often quoted is the International
Nonwovens & Disposables Association (INDA) definition: Nonwovens
are a sheet, web, or bat of natural and/or man-made fibres or filaments,
excluding paper, that have not been converted into yarns, and that are
bonded to each other by any of several means.
• Nonwoven = “ Nong guben” = No tejido
• Bonded = “ Bondid” = Unidas, pegadas
• Entangling = “ Entengling “ = Enredados
• Mechanically = “ Mecanicli ” = mecánicamente
• Thermally = “ Termali “ = Termicamente
• Fusing = “ Fiusing” = Fusión
• Chemically = “Quemicali “ = Quimicamente
• Web = “ Gueb “ = Red
 The various methods for
bonding are:
1. Adding an adhesive.

2. Thermally fusing the fibres to each other or to the other melt able
fibres or powders.

3. Fusing fibres by first dissolving, and then re-solidifying their surfaces.

4. Creating physical tangles or tuft among the fibres.

5. Stitching the fibres or filaments in place.

• Adhesive = “ Adisef” = Adhesivo
• Powders = “ Pauders” = polvos
• Tuft = “ Taf “ = Crespos o penachos
• Stitching = “ Estitching” = Puntadas
• Baby diapers = “ Beibi daipers” = Pañales para bebes
• wet wipes = “ Guet guaips” = Toallitas humedas
Nonwovens are not made by weaving or knitting and do not
require converting the fibres to yarn.
Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be
single-use disposable or a very durable fabric.
• Laid = “ Leid” = Extendido, echado, puesto
• Melt Blown = “ Melt blon” = Fundido
• Wet-Laid = “ Guet leid” = Humedecido
• Dry laid = “ Drai leid” = Seco
• Randomly = “Randomli” = Aleatoriamente
• Cushions = “ “= Cojines
• Upholstery padding = “ apolstery paring” = Acolchado de tapiceria.
They are used in numerous applications, including; baby diapers, adult
incontinence products, wet wipes, surgical drapes and covers and bag
filters, face masks, air-conditioning filters, soil stabilizers and roadway
underlayment, erosion control, drainage systems, insulation (fiberglass
batting), pillows, cushions, and upholstery padding, carpet backing,
automotive headliners and upholstery, house wraps, and disposable
clothing (foot coverings, coveralls).
• Needle Punching Thecnique = “Nirol punching tecnic”= Punzonado
• Hydroentanglement = “ Jaidroentanglement” = Enredado por agua
• Foam = “ Fom” = Espuma
• Hot Calendaring = “Jot Calendering” = Calandras calientes
• Ultrasonic bonding = “ Ultrasonic Bonding” = entrelazamienso
ultrasonico
• radiant heat bonding = “ Reidient jit Bonding” = Union por radiacion
de calor.
• Jet = “ Yet” = Chorro
• Conveyor = “ Conveior” = Transportador
• Layers = “ Leirs “ = Capas
• Edges = “ eyes” = Bordes
• Slurry = “ Slurri” = Compuesto Acuoso
Hydroentanglement (spunlace) the fibres are mechanically entangled together
by high velocity jets of water that are directed onto the web. The water pressure
can be 20-600 bar. The jets entwine, Twist and rearrange the fibres to create
bonding and in some cases to introduce patterning effects. Patterns and
apertures in the fabric are produced by altering the design of the conveyor
sleeve surface
 Needlepunching with Barbed
Needles
Fibres are mechanically entangled by the reciprocation of barbed needles
through the web. Sections of fibre are collected on the barbs of the needles
(normally 3 barbs on each of the 3 edges of the needle) as they move up and
down. This creates “pillars” of fibres in the thickness of the web that hold the
structure together. To stop the whole web moving up and down with the
needles as they reciprocate during the process, a stripper and a bed plate are
provided (Fig.7).
 THERMAL BONDING
Thermal Bonding of thermoplastic fibres (that soften and melt when
heated) can be carried out using heated calender rollers (Fig.8) or an
oven, where hot air is convected through the web to bond it. The fibres
are effectively fused together by melting (Fig.9). The proportion of
fibres that are melted can be controlled to prevent the fabric from
becoming too stiff or film-like. The temperature used in bonding has to
be selected according to the melting temperature of the fibre.
 Adhesively bonded
Chemical Bonding of fibres involves adding a wet chemical adhesive
(binder) to the web by various means. One method is to saturate the
web with the binder liquid by impregnation. Drying and curing follow to
stabilise the binder. The properties of the fabric depend on the amount
of binder that is added in relation to the weight of fibre, its physical
properties and how it is distributed within the web (Fig.10).
The principle of wetlaying is similar to paper manufacturing. The difference lies
in the amount of synthetic fibres present in a wetlaid nonwoven. A dilute slurry
of water and fibres is deposited on a moving wire screen and drained to form a
web. The web is further dewatered, consolidated, by pressing between rollers,
and dried. Impregnation with binders is often included in a later stage of the
process.
The strength of the random oriented web is rather similar in all directions in the
plane of the fabric. A wide range of natural, mineral, synthetic and man-made
fibres of varying lengths can be used.
 Spunmelt nonwovens
In these processes webs are made directly from filaments spun from plastics in
liquid form.
Spunbond
Spunbond: this is the most direct method of making a nonwoven. Continuous
filaments, not staple fibres, are spun (extruded) directly from polymer chip.
Normally, polymers are melt-extruded in the spunbond process. The formation
of a web of continuous filaments deposited on the conveyor belt is assisted by
suction. The web is then bonded directly by various means, normally thermal
bonding.
 Meltblown
Meltblown is similar to spunbond but produces much finer filaments. The hot,
molten, liquid polymer is forced through nozzles to form a stream of polymer. At
the nozzle tip, the filaments are picked up by hot, high velocity air streams that
stretch the filaments by drag forces into very fine diameters. The filaments
gradually cool as they travel across to the collector. The use of suction at the
collector assists in web formation
 Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYd0R
du53Rw
 Referencias
• https://textlnfo.files.wordpress.com/2011/1
0/nonwoven-fabrics1.pdf