ART 002: P3 EXAM REVIEWER

MODULE #15: MOTIFS

• MOTIFS
-In art and iconography, a motif is an element of an image.
A motif may be repeated in a pattern or design, often many times, or may just occur once in a
work.
- Motifs are significant theme, subject, or idea that is consistently repeated in or woven.
Example: ( motif of a purple flower is repeated in a plain fabric)

• TRADITIONAL MOTIFS
- Is the most basic unit from which a design is formed.
-It is generally developed from different combination of geometrical shapes.
Ex: (They are often inspired from nature)

• USAGE
Motifs = is a word that is most commonly used in creative fields like visual arts, literature, and
design.
- The term describes any key idea that is emphasized in a creative piece through consistent
repetition.
- It is usually a key concept that the artist or designer feels is essential and wishes to represent
through the immediate sensory experiences engendered by the piece.

Fields of Interior Design and Landscaping

- Motifs, have a practical use.
- The use of motif desribe as a common set ofelements that bring upa spefic emotion
response.

• Field in Medicine and Life Sciences

- Motifs describes as a repeating or idiosyncratic pattern in a biological structure, such as an
amino acid chain.

MOTIFS & SYMBOLS

•Motifs - refers to repeated or more likely a pattern in an art.
• Symbols - it is an object, that stands for something else or it has a meaning.

CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIF
1. Geometric - typically repeated: Meander, palmette, rosette, gul in Oriental rugs, acanthus,
egg and dart, Bead and reel, Pakudos, Sauwastika, Adinkra symbols.
2. Figurative - Master of Animals, confronted animals, velificatio, Death and the Maiden,
Threehares, Sheela na gig.

GEOMETRIC TYPES OF MOTIF

1. Meander/Meandros - is a decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a
repeated motif.
-Such design is also called the Greek fret or Greek key design, although these are modern
designations.

2. Palmette - is a motif in decorative art which, in its most characteristic expression, resembles
the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree.
- It has a far-reaching history, originating in ancient Egypt with a subsequent development
through the art of most of Eurasi.
3. Rosette - is a round, stylized flower design.
-It derives from the natural shape of the botanical rosette, formed by leaves radiating out from
the stem of a plant and visible even after the flowers have withered.

4. Gul - is a medallion-like design element typical of traditional hand-woven carpets from Central
and West Asia.
- In Turkmen weavings they are often repeated to form the pattern in the main field.
Guls are medallions, often octagonal, and often somewhat angular on a generally octagonal
plan, (rhombuses)

5. Acanthus - is one of the most common plant forms to make foliage ornament and decoration.
-In architecture, an ornament may be carved into stone or wood to resemble leaves from the
Mediterranean species of the Acanthus genus of plants, which have deeply cut leaves with
some similarity to those of the thistle and poppy.
-The motif is found in decoration in nearly every medium.

6. Egg-and-dart ( also known as egg-and-tongue, egg and anchor, or egg and star)
-refer to an ornamental device adorning the fundamental quarter-round, convex ovolo profile of
moulding, consisting of alternating details on the face of the ovolo-typically an egg-shaped
object.
-Fashioned into ovolos composed of wood, stone, plaster, or other materials.

7. Bead and Reel - is an architectural motif, usually found in sculptures, moldings and
numismatics.
-It consists in a thin line where beadlike elements alternate with cylindrical ones.
-It is often used in combination with the egg-and-dart motif.
- This motifs Greek and Hellenistic sculpture and on the border of Hellenistic coins.

8. Pakudos - is a visual motif used by the Hanunuo Mangyan people of Mindoro in the
Philippines.
-Are characterized by symmetrical, aesthetic, and orderly utilization of lines and space.
- The word pakudos was coined from (Cruz) the Spanish word for (Cross)
-This motif is a common element in Mangyan embroidery and crafts.
- It is also seen on the official seal of San Jose, Occidental Mindoro.
9. Adinkra - are symbols that represent concepts or aphorisms.
- It was used extensively in fabrics, logos and pottery.
-They are incorporated into walls and other architectural features.
- Fabric adinkra ary woodcut sign writing as well as screen printing.

FIGURATIVE TYPES OF MOTIFS

1. The Master of Animals/ Lord of Animals - is a motif in ancient art showing a human between
and grasping two confronted animals.
-It is very widespread in the art of the Ancient near East and Egypt.
- The figure may have animal elements such as horns, or an animal upper body.
- It is the "favorite motif of Achaemenian official seals", but the figures in these cases should be
understood as the king.

2. Confronted animals / Confronted-Animal - where two animals face each other in a

symmetrical pose, is an ancient bilateral motif in art and artifacts studied in archaeology and art
history.
-The "anti-confronted animals" is the opposing motif, with the animals back to back.
- A related motif in ancient art is known as the Mistress of Animals.

3. Velificatio - is a stylistic device used in ancient Roman art to frame a deity by means of a
billowing garment.
-It represents "vigorous movement," an epiphany, or "the vault of heaven," often appearing with
celestial, weather, or sea deities.

4. Death and the Maiden - was a common motif in Renaissance art, especially painting and
prints in Germany.
-The usual form shows just two figures, with a young woman being seized by a personification
of Death, often shown as a skeleton.

5. The three hares/ Three rabbits - is a circular motif or meme appearing in sacred sites from the
Middle and Far East to the churches of Devon, England and historical synagogues in Europe.
-It is used as an architectural ornament, a religious symbol, and in other modern works of art or
a logo for adornment (including tattoos), jewelry, and a coat of arms

6. Sheela na gigs - are figurative carvings of naked women displaying an exaggerated vulva.
-They are architectural grotesques found all over Europe on cathedrals, castles, and other
buildings.
-The carvings may have been used to ward off death, evil and demons.
- Used in positioned over Doors and Windows.

AUDITION.
• In the textile arts - a motif is a smaller element in a much larger work. eIn knitting and crochet -
motifs are made one at a time and joined together to create larger works such as afghan
blankets or shawls.
MODULE #16: CRAFTS & DESIGN
6 ELEMENTS OF ART IN CRAFTS & DESIGN
1. Line - a mark on a surface.
2. Shape - a flat area if enclosed space.
3. Space - the illusion of depth on a flat surface.
4. Value - the lightness/ darkness of objects.
5. Form - the height, width, ff depth of a work of art.
6. Texture - the way in which art feels/ would seem to feel by touch.

• Handicraft - Are Artisanal crafts/ products ff aesthetic production created by HAND or by using
tools

3 BASIC ELEMENTS OF HANDICRAFT

1. Design - Drawing, model, mould, pattern, plan or specification to work
2. Materials - Basic substance as an input.
3. Technique - Method and process of treating the materials.

5 TYPES OF CRAFTS
1. Textile Crafts - These include any type of craft where you work with fabric, yarn or surface
design.
• Examples: (Knitting, Quilting, Weaving, ff Dyeing)
- Decorative/ Fashion crafts categories, since the finished good is sold as sweater or wall
hanging.

2. Paper Crafts- Many people also hand cut their own stencils from plastic to create the same
effect on paper.
*Examples: ( Card making, Scrapbooking, Paper Mache, Calligraphy, Papermaking.)

3. Decorative Crafts - Combining furniture-making with metalwork is a popular trend. Arts and
crafts and home décor magazines showcase furniture constructed from wood but with
metalwork legs or trim.
*Examples: (Furniture making, Metalwork, Stenciling, Stained glass, Gilding, Spongeware,
Surface design of walls such as Basketry and Dried flowers, ff Toy making)

4. Fashion Crafts - This craft type will naturally intersect other craft types since jewelry can be
made through metalworking and garments are fabricated by sewing - which can be classified as
a textile craft.
*Examples: ( human body: jewelry, hats, leatherwork [shoes, belts, handbags) and garments)

5. Functional Crafts- Many of the 4 types of crafts is functional because aside from its being
decorative it is also can be used and functional to daily basis need/ wants of customers.
*Examples: ( Decorative Pottery, good designs but can eat by its as serving platter)
THE COMMON PHILIPPINE CRAFTS
• Beads and rosary making
• Ornaments/Interior design, Lamps shades, Pots
• Parol/basket making /Trays
• Centerpiece, flower vases, pen holders, organizers
•Philippine Crafts - are expensive become they are made from fine local materials ff artisan
products.
• Differences of Handicrafts, Mass production Decorative, & Functional Products.
(1) Handicrafts, are made personally by the artisan/ artist put all his heart on art.
(2) Decorative Products & (3) Functional Products - are made for income.

MODULE #17: DRAMA & THEATER

•Theater - is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or
actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience.
- They communicate to the audience by:
(combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance)

•Drama - is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and performance.

- It is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in pantomime or dialogue.

4 MAIN FORMS OF DRAMA

1. Comedy 2. Tragedy 3. Romance-comedy 4. Tragicomedy 5. Melodram

(They have common characteristics of drama genre; they are, plot,

characters, conflict, music and dialogue.)
3 GENRES OF DRAMA
1. Comedy 2. Satirical plays 3. Tragedy ( Most important of all)

3 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
1. Literary elements - consist of plot, theme, characters, dialogue, music, spectacle, convention,
genre, and audience.
2. Technical elements - consist of scenery (set), costumes, properties, lights, sound, and
makeup.
3. Performance - It must be able to deliver the chosen genre of the piece.

PURPOSE OF DRAMA
(1) To play. To match. Sharing the human experience.
(2) Expressing the need for social change, communicating a universal theme, recreating and
interpreting information, ideas, and emotions.
(3) Passing on tradition and culture.

THE BENEFITS OF DRAMA AND PLAY

1. Drama builds confidence
2. Drama helps concentration
3. Drama helps develop language and communication skills.
4. Drama encourages children to cooperate.
5. Drama supports numeracy skills and thinking.
6. Drama helps children to understand the world around them.
7. Drama develops emotional intelligence.
8. Drama assists physical development.

•Opera - a staged drama set to music in its entirety, made up of vocal pieces with instrumental
accompaniment and usually with orchestral overtures and interludes.
- In others, it is broken up into discrete pieces, or "numbers," separated either by recitative (a
dramatic type of singing that approaches speech) or by spoken dialogue.

JUDGING DRAMA PRESENTATION

1. Projection of the plot or theme and the play's meaning
2. Bodily movement, gesture, and facial expression
3. Voice and diction
4. Originality of presentation
5. Interpretation
6. Interaction of characters in group events.
7. Props and set design

MODULE #18: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC & INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

• Music - is an art concerned with combining vocal or instrumental sounds for beauty of form or
emotional expression.

•Instrumental Music - It is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although

it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting.
- (The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments.)

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

1. Wind- are typically grouped into two families:
(I.) Brass instruments - (horns, trumpets, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas)
(II.) Woodwind instruments - (recorders, flutes, oboes, clarinets, saxophones, and bassoons)
2. Percussion - a wide-ranging, inclusive list of percussion instruments.
(I.) Classified by Hornbostel Sachs - ( struck/friction idiophones, struck / friction membrano-
phones / struck chordophones)
3. String - instrument that produces sound by the vibration of stretched strings.
(1.) Made of - (vegetable fiber, metal, animal gut, silk, plastic or nylon)

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
1. Rhythm - is the element of TIME in music.
Ex: (When you tap your foot to the music, you are "keeping the beat" or following the structural
rhythmic pulse of the music)

a. Duration: how long a sound (or silence) last.

b. Tempo: the speed of the BEAT, which can described by the number of beats/second.
2. Dynamics - is the relative loudness or quietness of music fall under the general element of
dynamics.
a. pianissimo (pp) - (very quiet)
b. piano (p] - (quiet)
c. mezzo-piano (mp] - (moderately quiet)
d. mezzo-forte [mf] - (moderately loud)
e. forte [f] - (loud)
f. fortissimo [ff] = (very loud)
3. Melody - It determines the harmony and tonality of the piece of music.
-The main melody can be heard when it is played by an instrument that has a unique timbre or
tone color/quality.
4. Harmony - is the sound created when two or more pitches are performed at the same time to
form a chord.
5. Tone color (Timbre) - each musical instrument or voice produces its own characteristic sound
patterns and resultant "overtones," which give it a unique "tone color" or timbre.
6. Texture - refers to the number of individual musical lines (melodies) and the relationship these
lines have to one another.
7. Form - are used to designate musical divisions created by the repetition of material or the
presentation of new, contrasting material.

MODULE #19: KINDS AND ELEMENTS OF DANCE

•Dance- is a performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human

movement.
- This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE
1. Space- refers to the space through which the dancer's body moves
- (general or personal space, level, size, direction, pathway, focus).

2. Time- is applied as both musical and dance elements

- (Beat, Tempo, Speed, Rhythm, Sudden, Slow, Sustained).

3. Force/Energy- It is applied to dance to accentuate the weight, attack, strength, and flow of a
dancer's movement
- (Sharp, Strong, Light, Heavy, Bound, Free-flow).

4. Relationship-refers to the relationship the dancers' body parts have to everything else
-(Spatial relationships, Time relationships, Relationship to music, and to each other)
MOVEMENTS
1. Locomotor - These are movements where the body travels through space from one location
to another.
- It primarily use the feet for support however, the body can travel on other parts such as the
hands and feet.
Ex:
2. Non-Locomotor - These are movements that occur in the body parts or the whole body and
do not cause the body to travel to another space.
Ex:

BASIC BODY MOVEMENTS

-are the natural things or step to move our body. Ex: (running, walking, jumping, etc.)

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOVEMENT AND DANCE

•Movement- is physical motion between points in space •Dance- is a sequence of rhythmic
steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.

MODULE#20: PRODUCTION PROCESS

•Production process -refers to the stages (phases) required to complete a media product, from
the idea to the final master copy.
-This process can apply to any type of media production including:
(Film, Video, Television and Audio recording)

3 MAIN STAGES OF PRODUCTION

1. Pre-production- Planning, scripting ff storyboarding, etc.
2. Production- The actual shooting/recording.
3. Post-production- Everything between production and creating the final master copy.

OTHER STAGES INCLUDE:

4. Financing- This happens before pre-production, and involves budget forecasting, finding
investors, etc.
5. Screenplay- This can be considered a separate stage before pre-production.
6. Distribution- After post-production, delivering the content to the audience (e.g. film prints,
CD/DVD, etc.)

•PRE-PRODUCTION
- is a fairly loose term which refers to the tasks undertaken before production begins.
•For a small video company- pre-production may refer to everything that happens before
shooting begins.
Ex: ( meeting with the client, research, storyboarding, location planning, etc)
•For feature films- pre-production is more specific and only begins when other milestones have
been met such as financing, screenplay, casting and major staffing. •For large feature films -
the beginning of the production phase marks the "point of no return", le, the point at which it is
no longer financially viable to cancel the project.

PRE-PRODUCTION INCLUDES:
• Script writing
• Location scouting
• Prop and wardrobe identification and preparation
• Special effects identification and preparation
• Production schedule
• Set construction
• Script-locking (semi-finalisation of the script)
• Script read-through with cast, director and other interested parties

POST-PRODUCTION
-is the third and final major phase of the production process.
-It is often referred to simply as post, e.g. "We can sort that out in post".

COMMON TASKS INCLUDE:

•Editing video footage
•Editing the soundtrack, adding sound effects, music, etc.
• Adding titles and graphics
•Color and exposure correction
• Adding special effects
• Re-shooting certain scenes if required ("pick-up" shots)

MODULE#21: ART EXHIBITS

•Virtual Tour of Great Museum- is an activity that puts the museums before you by watching it
using a website, or simply open YouTube Channels and look for the museums of arts:

•Local Museum: Art in Island 3D Museum in the Philippines.

-Upside Down Museums, (Philippines)
-National Museum of Fine Arts, (Manila Philippines)
-P3-E...
-BenCab Museum, (Baguio City Philippines)

•international Museum: Great Museums Virtual Guided Tour: A World of Art: Metropolitan
museum
-Museum of Modern Art, ( New York)
- Louvre Museum, (Paris France)

•An art exhibition- is traditionally the space in which art objects meet an audience. (exhibit",
"exposition" or "show")
QUESTIONS:
1. Why do artists exhibit their work?
-Art exhibitions openings are a KEY opportunity for artists, especially in the early stages of their
careers.
2. What makes an art exhibition successful?,
-A good art exhibition should be characterized by a prominent theme that ties the different
pieces together and makes them feel like part of a larger whole.
3. How do artists make money?
- Artists will do work on a commission basis to make money.

STEPS YOU CAN TAKE TO EXHIBIT YOUR ARTS

1. Try a home show and invite your friends. Hang the work on your walls.
2. Connect with a local business and see if they might be interested in hanging your work in
their establishment.
3. Get together with a few other artists and rent a space for your exhibition. You can share the
expenses, promotional material, guest list, set up, and so on.
4. Enter juried exhibitions. You will need a professional digital image of your work.