Lab (3)

student’s name
Taha mohamedmorad
Mohammed
Mohammed saheelmorad G A

Test’s name: Molisch’s Test

the purpose of the experiment:

The purpose of this experiment is to detect the presence of carbohydrates in a given sample
solution.

Scientific theory of experiment:

In Molisch’s test, the carbohydrate (if present) undergoes dehydration upon the introduction of
concentrated sulphuric acid, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde. This aldehyde
undergoes condensation along with two phenol-type molecules which is α-naphthol, resulting
in the formation of a purple or reddish-purple colored complex.

Reaction equation:
(carbohydrate) + (α-naphthol) + (sulphuric acid) ------ purplish ring

Results:

Tube Note conclusion

monosaccharides
Purplish ring (carbohydrate)

disaccharides
Purplish ring (carbohydrate)

polysaccharides
Purplish ring (carbohydrate)

Protein
colorless (not carbohydrate)

Discuss the results:

Q1. Explain the formation of the violet ring between the layer of the sugar solution and the acid?

In Molisch’s test, the carbohydrate (if present) undergoes dehydration upon the introduction of
concentrated sulphuric acid, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde. This aldehyde
undergoes condensation along with two phenol-type molecules which is α-naphthol, resulting
in the formation of a purple or reddish-purple colored complex.

Q2. Did you notice a heat in the tubes at the end of the experiment, even though you did not
heat them up! what is your explanation?

Because the sulphiric acid in a exothermic solution, so that is the reason the test tube can be a
little hot.

Lab (4)
student’s name
Taha mohamed saheel G
A
Mohammed morad

Test’s name: Iodine test

The purpose of the experiment:

This test helps to identify the presence of starch in a sample. It also helps to distinguish
between mono– or disaccharidesfrom polysaccharides (glycogen, dextrin, and amylase).

Scientific theory of experiment:

Starch reacts with iodine solution forms complex

blue colour solution. On heating the blue colour disappears and on cooling the blue colour

reappears

Results:
Tube Note conclusion

monosaccharides
Colorless Not polysaccharide