TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS i
LIST OF TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF SYMBOLS vi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement, Scope and Objective 1

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Overview 3
2.2 Factors affected the thermal comfort in the car compartment 3
2.3 Numerical simulation 7
2.4 HVAC Car system 9

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 12
3.2 Flow Chart 12
3.3 Understanding of the theory 14
3.4 Literature review 14
3.5 Initial experimental 14
3.6 Experimental Setup 16
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3.7 Experimental Procedure 22
3.8 Numerical simulation 23
3.9 Design the system using air as working fluid 24
3.10 Discussion and Conclusion 24

CHAPTER 4 PRELIMINARY RESULT

4.1 Initial Experimental 25
4.2 Air psychrometry and flow inside the car compartment 26

CHAPTER 5 NEXT SEMESTER PLANNING

5.0 Gantt Chart 29
5.1 Experimental analysis and numerical simulation 29
5.2 Expected Design 30

REFERENCES 31

APPENDICES
Appendix A 1
Appendix B(i) 2
Appendix B(ii) 2
Appendix C(i) 3
Appendix C(ii) 3

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures No. Page

2.0 The graph of temperature distribution in car compartment. 4
with time in parked condition [5].
2.1 Total amount of radiation increase with time at 11am to 4
3pm [25].
2.2 The phenomenon of solar radiation transmitted through 5
the glass of car compartment [5].
2.3 The geometrical car compartment model [5]. 7
2.4 The mesh structure [5]. 8
2.5 Half section Car model. 8
2.6 The thermocouple arrangement in the car compartment. 8
2.7 The numerical simulation result according to temperature 9
distribution in car compartment.
2.8 The HVAC system of car [4]
10
2.9 The human thermal comfort zone according to psychrometric
10
chart [9].
2.10. Modelling the car air conditioning using the psychrometric
11
chart [26].
3.0 Flow chart of the overall process of the project from the
13
beginning until the end of the research.
3.1 Myvi Motech 1.
14
3.2 Temperature recorder model Colemeter.
15
3.3 The point location of the temperature recorder on Myvi
15
Motech 1.
16
3.4 Proton BLM.

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3.5 The dimensions of the Proton BLM model. 16

3.6 Section 1 (dashboard). 19

3.7 Section 2 (front Passenger seat). 19

3.8 Section 3 (rear passenger seat). 19

3.9 Point air temperature measurement according to passenger 20

body position.
3.10 The experimental setup in the car compartment. 20

3.11 The top view of the thermocouple setup arrangement in car 20

compartment.
3.12 The position of thermocouple setup in Section 1 and Section 21
2 in the car compartment.
3.13 The position of thermocouple setup in Section 3 in the car 21
compartment.
3.14 Geometrical model [5].
23
3.15 Meshing structure [22].
23
4.0 Temperature variation according to point location of the
26
parking car.
5.0 The air circulation when the car in parked condition during
30
summer [28].
5.1 The expected air flow system design.
30

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 LIST OF TABLES

Tables No. Page

3.0 The ambient condition for experimental analysis. 17
3.1 The list of equipment use in the experimental analysis. 17
3.2 The length of thermocouple from the car compartment to 22
data logger.
3.3 The dimensions of the car compartment for the numerical 23
simulation geometrical model.
4.0 The temperature recorded between time at 9 am and 12 pm.
25
4.1 The result obtained according to psychrometric chart at 9 am.
27
4.2 The result obtained according to psychrometric chart at 12 pm.
27
4.3 The heat transfer through the car windshield.
28
4.4 The heat transfer through the car roof. 28

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR NOMENCLATURE

A Area
𝑐p Specific heat
˚C Degree
COP Coefficient of Performance
h Hours
ℎ Enthalpy
H2O Water
K Kelvin
𝑘 Thermal conductivity
𝑘𝐽 Kilo joule
𝑘𝑃𝑎 Kilo pascal
𝑘𝑔 Kilogram
𝐿 Length
𝑙 Litre
m Meter
𝑚𝑖𝑛 Minutes
𝑚̇ Mass flow-rate
𝑃 Pressure

𝑄̇ Heat transfer
𝑞̇ Actual heat flux
R Refrigerant
𝑅 Gas constant
𝑠 Seconds
𝑇 Temperature

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𝑇db Dry-bulb temperature
𝑇wb Wet-bulb temperature
𝑇dp Dew-point temperature
∆𝑇 Temperature different
𝑡 Thickness
𝑣 Specific volume
𝑉̇ Volume flow-rate
𝑤 Width
W Watt
𝜔̇ Specific humidity
ε Emissivity
σ Stefan-Boltzman constant
ϕ Relative humidity
ρ density

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