Industrial Automation Synthesis ◾ 115

3.14. Design an automation circuit for starting up a Star-Delta motor via an SPST output
contact of a sensor (2-wire command).
3.15. Some air-compressors have two electrovalves in their compression chamber as safety
exhaust outlets. In order for the air compression in the chamber to be feasible, the two
electrovalves must be closed. Furthermore, the two electrovalves are used for a step-by-step
start-up of the air compressor, in order to avoid percussive loading of either the
compressor or the power supply network. Design an automation circuit so that after the
Star-Delta starts the motor, the first valve closes with time delay T1 and the second one
closes with time delay T2 > T1.
Both time constants T1 and T2 are measured from the changing time instant from the
Star-
Delta connection.
3.16. Redesign the automation circuit of Problem 3.15 with only one timer (except the
timer needed for the Y/Δ transition) and with the following time constants T1 = T and T2
= 2T.
3.17. Which of the following circuits are operationally correct or not and for what reason? All
the
relays and lamps have nominal operating voltage +24 V DC.
RS RS RS RS
+24 V +24 V +24 V +24 V “C=ON”
“C1 or C2=ON”
C
“C=ON” “C=ON”

C C C1 C2 C
0V 0V 0V 0V
a b c d

3.18. In an industrial process where a general shutdown of the power supply network took
place, is it possible to get some form of electrical signal 3 minutes after an interruption
while the shutdown occurs? If yes, explain how to achieve it and design the required
automation circuit.
3.19. Although we accept that the indicator lamp of the circuit informs us if the machine M
oper- ates or not, this is not strictly true. Describe three cases of fault due to which the
machine M does not rotate while the lamp is on. Show how to make the indication literal,
i.e., for the lamp to show whether the machine M really rotates or not.

50 Hz 230 V
R

RS
Motor
CM operation
Μ
N

3.20. After an instant START signal from an NO button, the heating resistor R is connected to
a nominal supply voltage. After a period of 10 minutes required to heat the viscous fluid,
the pump starts to operate, and simultaneously the electrovalve V1 opens in order to
supply the pipe network with the fluid. After an instant STOP signal from an NC button,
the heating resistor is disconnected, the electrovalve V1 closes, the electrovalve V2 opens,
and the pump operates for a period of 5 minutes. During this period, the pump supplies
the pipe network