TOPIC:DIGESTION

ZARAAH ALLI
 What is digestion?

Digestion is the process by which

food is broken down into a form
that it is useful for the body's
activities
Where does digestion Occur?

Digestion occurs in the

alimentary canal which in
about 8-9 meters with long
muscular walls running from
the mouth to the anus
Types of digestive processes?

Mechanical-during which large

pieces of food are broken down.
This begins in the mouth where
food is chew and continue in the
stomach where it churns the food
Chemical-during which large
insoluble food molecules are broken
down by enzymes. Chemical
digestion begins in the mouth and
finishes in the ileum
How does chemical digestion begins in the mouth ?

As you chew the salivary gland

releases saliva and the saliva
contains digestive enzymes which
starts the process of chemical
digestion
What is the ileum?

The ileum is the last part

of the small intestine.
Why is chewing important in digestion?

It gives food larger surface area for

digestive enzymes to act on. Making
chemical digestion faster and easier
It makes food easier to swallow.
 Types of teeth

Molar
Pre Molar
Incisors
Canine
Incisors

Chisel shaped with sharp edges.

To cut food and bite off pieces of
food
Adult human has 8 insicors
Canine

Cone shaped and pointed.

To grip and tear pieces off
food.
Adult human has 4 canines.
Pre Molar

Has a fairly board surface

with 2 pointed cusps.
To crush and grind food.
Adult human has 8
premolars
Molars

Have a board surface with 4 or 5

pointed cusps.
To crush and grind food.
Tooth Structure

The Crown-The part above the

jaw
The root-The part embedded in
the jawbone.
The crown in covered with
enamel
The root a thin layer of
cement and periodontal
membrane
The bulk of the tooth is composed
of dentine and pulp cavity.
Nerves and blood vessles runs
throughout the pulp cavity.
Causes of tooth decay

Consuming food with too high

sugar or acid
Poor hygiene
Grinding on teeth
Not getting enough Floride.
Chemical digestion in Food

Food is broken down due to

hydrolysis.
Chemical digestion is sped
up by digestive enzymes
 What are enzymes ?

They are biological catalyst

produced by all living cells
They speed up chemical reaction
occurred in living things without
being chamged themself
Enzymes are protien that living cells produce by
amino acids.

Without enzymes the

chemical reaction will be too
slow to maintain life .
Properties of enzymes

They are specific

They work at a paticular
temperature for humans that is
37*C
AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES
RATE OF ENZYME ACTIVITY
DECREASESHIGH TEMPARATURE
DENATURES ENZYMES. 40*C-
45*C {they become inactive }
Enzymes work at
particular pH {7}
THREE TYPES OF ENZYMES

Carbohydrase
Proteases
Lipases