CHAPTER 7: 3 VARIATIONS OF THE CATEGORIAL SYLLOGISM

THE ENTHYMEMES 04 THE EPICHIREME

 Comes from the Greek en thyme, which means “in
the mind”.
 The part that is withdrawn may be a premise, or the
conclusion itself.
 This variation is likewise referred to as the
“truncated syllogism”.

01 First Order Enthymeme

 An abridged categorical syllogism with an omitted
major premise, which is implied from the minor
premise and the conclusion.
Example:
We can say that “some imaginative persons” are
painters,”
hence, “some imaginative persons are artists.”
 Are well-elaborated, categorical syllogisms.
 The word originates from the Greek ‘en chier’,
which literally means "in the hand". An elaboration
is made by the inclusion of an explanation of
justification alongside the premise or premises.
Example:

02 Second Order Enthymeme

05 SORITES (POLYSYLLOGISM)

 Sorites (plural: soriteses) is a compound syllogism.

 Is an abridged categorical syllogism with an omitted  The Aristotelian sorites has this formal structure:
minor premise which is implied from the major All A is B
premise and the conclusion B is C;
C is D;
Example: D is E;
All pollutants are destructive to the environment” Therefore, all A is E.
then “all non-biodegradable wastes are destructive
to the environment. First syllogisms
All A is a B;
But B is a C;
Therefore, all A is a C.

03 Third Order Enthymeme Second syllogisms

All C is a D;
But D is an E;
Therefore, all C is an E.

 The sorites combines the first and second

categorical syllogism.

Example:
 Is an abridged categorical syllogism with an omitted Syllogism 1
conclusion, which is implied from the two premises My friend is an artist;
present. All artists are creative;
Therefore, my friend is creative.
Example:
“All armed conflicts are bound to cause deaths” Syllogism 2
and “all armed conflicts are chaotic.” All creative persons are great;
All great persons have visions for the future;
 Therefore, all creative persons have visions for
the future.

B.
All A is B
B is C;
C is D;
D is E;
Therefore, all A is E.

 Separately, they may form separate yet related

ideas.

Example:
My friend is an artist;
All artists are creative;
All creative persons are great;
All great persons have visions for the future;
My friend has visions for the future.

Rules:
if the major premise is affirmative, the minor
premise must be universal
If the minor premise is affirmative, the
conclusion must be particular

Example:
All mountaineers are adventurers
All adventurers are thrill seekers
Some thrill seekers are mountaineers