n\!

Ilr'S'>|
J'^ec o^
s' .llr-r:i. -,

i: L!'llfl. '-.t[ ?
!-. :J' tJ o
7.i-.*-,r"ff
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS FOR

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL AND AUTOMOTIVE -

ENGINEERING

EMC 4507: REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING II

END OF SEMESTER EXAN,{INATION
SERIES: DECEMBER 2023

*t TIME: 2 HOURS

You ale r:equired to have the follor,r,ing fol this examination:

6 Answer Booklet
6 A Non-Programmable Scientlfic Calculator
g Therrnodvnamic and Transport Properties of Fiuids (sl Edition) by Y.R
Mavher.t' and C.F.C Rogers I

" P-h diagrarn for R-134a

o
o Chart for friclion pressr'lre drop for circular ducts

2) This paper consists of FIVE Questions.

3) Answer ANY THREE Questions.

4) All cluestions carrv eclual tnarks.

1of6
Ouestion 1 (40 Marks)

A refrigeration system operates on the following process:

Pressrlre

corrstarrt pressrl rc
'i 4 - 5 : Throttling sub-coolecl liqr-rid to mixture of liquicl ancl r,apour

', B - 9 : Heating wet rrapour ur-rtiIsatr-rrated vapot1l.

a) Show the process on a T - s diagram ,' -,. ,....1,. ,.,

b) Showtheprocessonap-hdiagram r.,.,.,,.,,,
c) Show tire arrtrngernent of the equiprnent, direction of f1orr, teiri:aerar-rts ar-rd the
statenunrber.ir-rgasusedilrt1-redescriptrorrofthepIoCeSSeS.

Ouestion 2(40 Marks)

Drawing Q2 shows the layor-rt of a ducted air'-cor-rditioninq sr-steni ur rr-l-ricl-L lhe

refrigerant states are marked as 1 to 6

a) Give names of the components associaied rr-ith the rnlet ald or-rt1et states
1-2,2-3,3-4,4-5,5-6,6- 7 ,,-r
"-..,..,-
b) Draw theT-s and p-h diaglams of t1-re cvcle . ' ..,;,:'...,
c) Give the inlet and the or-rtletnumbers of the iterns nhich requile electricitv
ir-rput. il:, i.r, i,s-r )

d) The attached p - h diagrarn of R134a shows the process in the cycIe.

Calculate the foliowing energy input/output per kg.
i. 1-2: Compl'essor
ii. 2 - 3: De-super Heater
iii. 3-4: Condeitscr'
iv. 4 - 5: Ur-rder coolins i.,.', l ', i.r- ,', i.r, i-:;,

2of6
 Ouestion 3 (40 Marks)

a) List niue (9) 1-ieat gains which can errtel an air-conditioned space. il li ii,'ii:r"L.:,)
b) I{aw meat is to be refrigerated from initial temperatr-rre f, (roorn temperature) to
final temperatlrre fE, (fr:ozen meat) irr the processes shown on the diagram.
Explain whatirappens il processes A - B, B - C, C -D, D - E, E - F (J5 Malk:;i
c) Cive concise definitions of the following terms.
1) Chilling
2) Freezirrg
3) Hr-rmidification if, i{;:r'ks)
I

A B
toc

*6 *o

D
C

f,

Time
Ouestion 4 (40 Marks)

a) Give the general defir-rition of the term mean hydraulic deptl-r (m). {3 L,,Iar'lis)
b) Show that m is giver-r by the following expressions:

i. Circular duct: m = d/4 where d is the diameter. (2 l,,iar1<:;)

ii. Rectangular duct: m: H x\Nl Z(H +W) where H ald W are the height and
wicitl-r i'espectiveiy. (3 i.",lar1<s)

c) Briefly describe the concept of eqtiivalent lengtl-r of a duct fitting as used ir-r the ir

analysis of air flow in ducts. (4 ir,lai-1.-:_<)

d) Figure Q4 depicis a circulal duct slistem in which air flows from poir-rt A (fan

exit) to diflusers located at the ends of duct br.anches.

Schedule Q4 is the data sheet fol this system.

Fili in tl-re missine clata (V, A, d, and f) r,rsing the fliction charts plovided.

3of6
 Minor losses in duct fittings and across diffusels rnay be neglected.
,1..)il i i:1'"i','

Ouestion 5 (40 Marks)

a) Give blief definitior-rs of the followir-rg ,,r,or"ds used in the study of lefrigclatiot'r.
i. Basic colnponents of rel'rigelation system.
ii. Thlotilirrg valvc
iii. Crlrrrplt'ssor'
iv. Corr.le rrscr
b) Give brief definitions of the followir-rg terms used in the str-rdv on refrigeration:
i. Pull down load i-L iviiir-iis;)

ii. Refrigeration effect {4lvi:rrks)

iii. Later-rt heat 1,: i'';a;"]i,,l
c) Narne any seven (7) tixed or rnovable items that are for-urd ir-r a lefi:igelated room.
i ,' i"'i . r i. 1..:;
)
d) List five (5) cornponer-rts of the ir-rdoor refrigeration lrnrt r-rsed in a cold 1'oon-r
.'..
lefligeration

4of6
 -:-

Fig Q2
CONDENSER

A II{ ;\ I li 'l'O
USERS

OR
Ii EI'U R N
I
A IIt
INLIiI'
t.
REIRIGERANT
COr\4PRtlSSOIt
l
l
Fieure qi
I

B1

A
D

FANINLET

82 C2 D2

5of6
,

Sector Length m Flow Rate Allowable A d { h

m3/s Velocity m2 m mm
m/s Aqua
,A-B 5.00 ntr
B.B1 3.00 0.5 3.5
B-82 3.00 0.5 3.5
B-C 5.00 5.0
C-C1 3.00 0.5 3.5
C-C2 3.00 n( -).:l
C-D 5.00 5.0
i
"\ D-D1 3.00 0.5 ')l

D-D2 3.00 0.5 3.5

il

.)

6of6