Licensed to: Alexandru Dondera, Cowi, 2019-01-04 13:06

© Danish Standards Foundation

DS/EN 1992-4:2018
EN 1992-4:2018 (E)

6.2.2.3 Shear loads with and without lever arm

(1) Shear loads acting on fastenings may be assumed to act without a lever arm if all of the following
conditions are satisfied.
a) The fixture is made out of steel and is in contact with the fastener over a length of at least 0,5 ⋅ t fix .

b) The fixture is fixed:

1) either directly to the concrete without an intermediate layer; or

2) using a levelling mortar with a thickness t grout ≤ 0, 5d under at least the full dimensions of the
fixture on a rough concrete surface (see EN 1992-1-1:2004, 6.2.5) as intermediate layer; the
strength of the mortar shall be at least that of t he base concrete but not less than 30 N/mm 2.

When the above conditions are not satisfied, shear force on fastenings should be assumed to act with
lever arm.
(2) If in 6.2.2.3 (1) only condition b) is not satisfied, a reduced steel shear capacity of the fasteners in
accordance with 7.2.2.3.1 (3) may be used for fastenings in uncracked concrete instead of a design with
lever arm provided all the following conditions are satisfied:
— there are at least two fasteners in the direction of the shear force;

— no bending moment or tension force is acting on the base plate;

— the fastener spacing in the direction of the shear force exceeds 10 d (if inclined shear forces are acting
this condition shall be fulfilled for both directions);

— the thickness of the mortar bed tgrout is less than or equal to 40 mm and ≤ 5d (fasteners without a
sleeve) or ≤ 5d nom (fasteners with a sleeve);

— a mortar bed is applied at least to the full dimensions of the fixture on a rough concrete surface
(see EN 1992-1-1:2004, 6.2.5);

— the strength of the mortar bed is at least that of the base concrete but not less than 30 N/mm 2 .

(3) If the shear load acts with a lever arm, a bending moment acting on the fastener shall be accounted
for. The design bending moment acting on the fastener is calculated according to Formula (6.1):
la
M Ed = VEd ⋅ (6.1)
αM

where

l a = a3 + e1 (6.2)

VEd is the shear load acting on the fastener under consideration (see Figure 6.6)

where
e1 is the distance between shear load and concrete surface neglecting the thickness of any
levelling grout (see Figure 6.6)

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 Licensed to: Alexandru Dondera, Cowi, 2019-01-04 13:06
© Danish Standards Foundation

DS/EN 1992-4:2018
EN 1992-4:2018 (E)

a3 = 0,5 dnom
= 0 if a washer
washer and a nut are directly clamped
clamped to the concrete surface or to the surface of
c ompressive strength ≥ 30 N/mm 2
an anchor channel or if a levelling grout layer with a compressive
and a thickness t grout ≤ d / 2 is present.

αM is the factor accounting for the degree of restraint of the fas tener at the side of the fixture of
the application in question. It should be determined according to good engineering practice.
No restraint (α M = 1,0 ) shall be assumed if the fixture can rotate freely.

Full restraint (α M = 2, 0 ) may be assumed only if the fixture cannot rotate.

a) b) c)
Key
1 fastener
2 concrete element
3 attachment
4 channel bolt
5 special washer

a) stand-off installation
b) stand-off installation with nut and washer to prevent
prevent local
local concrete
concrete spalling
c) stand-off installation with anchor channels

Figure 6.6 — Definition of the lever arm

6.3 Anchor channels

6.3.1 General

(1) The distribution of tension loads acting on the channel to the anchors of the anchor channel may be
calculated treating the channel as a beam on elastic support (anchors) with a partial restraint of the
channel ends as statical system. The resulting anchor forces depend significantly on the assumed anchor
stiffness and degree of restraint. For shear loads the load distribution is additionally influenced by the
pressure distribution in the contact zone between channel and c oncrete.
(2) As a simplification for anchor channels with
with two anchors the loads on the anchors may be calculated
assuming a simply supported beam with a span length equal to the anchor spacing.

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