COMPUTER SYSTEMS

SERVICING

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 11
IP Addressing
 After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the information about IP addressing and its components;
2. Identify the IP classes of any IP address;
3. appreciate the importance of IP addressing.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It

specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed,
and received by networked devices.
a. Internet Protocol c. UDP Protocol
b. TCP Protocol d. Packet Switching
2. It is the first major version of the Internet Protocol.
a. IPv4 c. DARPA
b. IPv6 d. ARPANET
3. Which class does 192.10.10.1 belongs?
a. Class A c. Class C
b. Class B d. Class D
4. The packet is a term first coined by ________________ in 1965 that is used to
describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over
a network.
a. Bob Kahn c. Charles Babbage
b. Vint Cerf d. Donald Davies
5. Which of the following is the correct IP address for a local host?
a. 192.168.1.1 c. 127.0.0.1
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 10.1.1.1

• On our last module, you have learned that the application layer is the user
interface that internet users interact with to send or receive data through
email, online games, peer to peer file transfer, and other applications.
 • The presentation layer translates the commands received from the
application layer into universal, well-known networking formats.
• The session layer makes it possible to establish an open communication line
to send the requested packets.
• The transport layer not only defines how data is sent, but also provides
validation and firewall security.
• The network layer seeks for the best-known path to route information to
reach its destination similar to searching for an address on a GPS.
• The Data Link Layer ensures that a transmission occurs without any errors
and lastly physical layer consists of the physical components in a Local Area
Network (LAN) such as networking hardware and Ethernet cables.

INTRODUCTION
The IP or Internet Protocol is the fundamental protocol for communications
on the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed,
transferred, routed, and received by networked devices.

IP HISTORY
• Its development began in 1947, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and
Vint Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control
Protocol or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP.
• The first major version of the Internet Protocol was version 4 or IPv4. In
1981, it was formally defined in RFC 791 by the Internet Engineering Task Force
or IETF.
• The successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was formalized by the IETF in 1998.
It was designed to eventually replace IPv4. As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately
20% of all Internet traffic.

IP ADDRESS
It is a number identification of a computer or another device on the Internet.
It is similar to a mailing address which identifies where postal mail comes from
and where it should be delivered. IP addresses uniquely identify the source and
destination of data transmitted with the Internet Protocol.
IP ADDRESS CLASSES
With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class
A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E. The table below shows the summary of
the IP classes.

We only need to know three classes from the table which is Class A, B and
C. Class D and E are reserved IP address for special purposes.
Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number 1-126.
If an IP address happens to start with a 128 – 191 then that is a class B address.
Lastly, if an IP address starts with a 192-223 then that is a class C address.
Now let us look at a number of different IP addresses and determine what
class this particular IP address belongs to.
1. 17.22.90.7 - A
2. 220.10.77.40 - C
3. 165.254.0.1 - B
Our first is 17.22.90.7. We know that the leading value of the given address-
is 17 and if we refer back to our chart of IP address classes, we would be able to
know that 17 is in between 0-126, therefore 17.22.90.7 is a class A address.
 Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost and range
255.255.255.255 is a special type of IP address which is called the limited
broadcast address. A broadcast involves delivering a message from one sender to
many recipients. Senders direct an IP broadcast to 255.255.255.255 to indicate
all other nodes on the local area network to pick up that message.

STATIC VS. DYNAMIC IP ADDRESSES

IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically
assigned or statically assigned. Dynamically assigned means the IP address can
change automatically and statically assigned means they are intended not to
change automatically and must be changed manually.
Most home networks use dynamic allocation including our laptops, mobile
devices and tablets. Your router uses DHCP to temporarily assign or lease an IP
address to your device. After a period of time, this lease expires and the router
renews your old address or assigns you a new one depending on the needs of the
network and configuration of the router.

H ow data i s sent t o an IP addr ess on an ot her n etw ork

The following diagram illustrates how your home computer might obtain IP
address and send data to an IP address on another network.
PACKET
The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used to
describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a
network. You can think of it as a package filled with data being delivered to another
area. A packet is used because it divides data into easier-to-manage chunks,
which move information more efficiently and keep network resources from being
tied up by a single, larger file.

WHAT IS IN A PACKET?
A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get
reassembled properly. Below is a breakdown of a TCP packet.

NETWORK PACKET BASICS

• Another name for a packet is a datagram.
• Data transferred over the Internet is sent as one or more packets. The most
common packet sent is the TCP packet.
 • The size of a packet is limited. So, most data sent over a network is broken
up into multiple packets before being sent out and then put back together
when received.
• When a packet is transmitted over a network, network routers and switches
examine the packet and its source to help direct it to the correct location.
• During its transmission, network packets can be dropped. If a packet is not
received or an error occurs, it is sent again.

DIRECTION: Read each statement below carefully. Write T if the statement is true.
Supply the correct word for the underlined word if the statement is false. Use the
group of words below for your answer.
_________1. IP specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred,
routed, and received by networked devices.
_________2. Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number
1-126.
_________3. A dynamic contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get
reassembled properly.
_________4. The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used
to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a
network.
_________5. Most home networks use dynamic allocation including our laptops,
mobile devices and tablets.

>Packet >Bob Kahn >Dynamic

>1-127 >Static >0-126

The IP or Internet Protocol is the fundamental protocol for communications on

the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred,
routed, and received by networked devices.
 The successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was formalized by the IETF in 1998. It was
designed to eventually replace IPv4. As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately 20% of
all Internet traffic.
With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A,
Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E.

Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number 1-126. If
an IP address happens to start with a 128 – 191 then that is a class B address. Lastly,
if an IP address starts with a 192-223 then that is a class C address.
IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically
assigned or statically assigned.
A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get reassembled
properly.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Write your answer in two to
three sentences each number.

1. What is the importance of knowing the IP addressing?

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Cite a situation in which you can apply the knowledge about IP addressing.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. Which of the following is not true about network packet?

a. Another name for a packet is a datagram
b. The most common packet sent is the UDP packet
c. The size of a packet is limited
d. If a packet is not received or an error occurs, it is sent again
2. It is the fundamental protocol for communications on the Internet. It
specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred, routed,
and received by networked devices.
a. Internet Protocol c. UDP Protocol
b. TCP Protocol d. Packet Switching
3. It is the first major version of the Internet Protocol.
a. IPv4 c. DARPA
b. IPv6 d. ARPANET
4. Which class does 192.10.10.1 belongs?
a. Class A c. Class C
b. Class B d. Class D
5. The packet is a term first coined by ________________ in 1965 that is used to
describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over
a network.
a. Bob Kahn c. Charles Babbage
b. Vint Cerf d. Donald Davies
6. Which of the following is the correct IP address for a local host?
a. 192.168.1.1 c. 127.0.0.1
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 10.1.1.1
7. Which of the following is the correct sequence that will describe how your
home computer might obtain IP address and send data to an IP address on
another network?
 i. The router responds and gives your computer the local IP address
ii. Your router requests an IP address to connect to the Internet
iii. A request to the server will be sent by entering the URL.
iv. Your computer connects to the router using TCP/IP and asks for a
local IP address
a. i-ii-iii-iv c. iv-i-ii-iii
b. iv-iii-ii-I d. i-iv-iii-ii
8. Which of the following does not belong to Class B IP address?
a. 192.168.1.1 c. 191.28.36.1
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 190.1.1.1
9. IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. Which of the following
should I use if I want the IP address to be change automatically?
a. Static c. AI
b. Class E d. Dynamic
10. Which of the following addresses broadcast all host on the local network?
a. 192.168.1.1 c. 255.255.255.255
b. 172.16.28.1 d. 127.0.0.1