PNEUMATIC COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

MAIN PROJECT

Submitted By

ANIL KRISHNAN P (REG NO:2101024356)

ADARSH P. R (REG NO:2101024338)

ANSAR K (REG NO:2101024342)

ABINAV KRISHNAN M K (REG NO:2101020896)

AFSAL.MH (REG NO:2101024354)

AKSHAY. M (REG NO:2101020908)

BIBIJITH.T (REG NO:2101020923)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of diploma in

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Guided by

Mr. MOHAMMED SHAFEEQUE.M

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MALABAR POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS CHERPULASSERY

PALAKKAD-679503

( An ISO 9001-2008 Certified Institution, Approved By AICTE & DTE, Kerala)

2023-2024
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MALABAR POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS

CHERPULASSERY
(Under the Department of Technical Education, Government of Kerala)
CERTIFICATE

Certified that the main project report titled “PNEUMATIC COCONUT

DEHUSKING MACHINE” is a bonafied record of the work done by ANIL
KRISHNAN P (REG NO:2101024356), ADARSH P. R (REG NO:2101024338), ANSAR
K (REG NO:2101024342), ABINAV KRISHNAN M K (REGNO:2101020896),
AFSAL.MH (REG NO:2101024354), AKSHAY. M (REG NO:2101020908),
BIBIJITH.T (REG NO:2101020923) under my supervision and guidance , and is

submitted in 2023 – 2024 academic year in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering under the Department of
Technical Education, Government of Kerala

Mr. MOHAMMED SHAFEEQUE Mr.PRAKASAN KK

Project Guide Head of section

Lecturer Dept. Of Mechanical Eng.

Dept. Of Mechanical Eng.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude to MALABAR POLYTECHNIC

CAMPUS that provide me the required infrastructure in fulfilment my cherished
desire of reaching the goal.

I also thankful to my principal Mr. MOHAMMED SIRAJUDHEEN A,

who is responsible for creating such a pleasant environment.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr. PRAKASAN K.K, Head

of Section, department of Mechanical Engineering, for his continues support,
advice and guidance.

We are extremely grateful to our project coordinator Mr. HRITHIK

VISWAS V and project guide Mr. MOHAMMED SHAFEEQUE. M, for their
continuous support, advice and guidance.

I would like to express my gratitude to the teaching and nonteaching staff

of Malabar Polytechnic Campus. Last but not least i would like to thank my
parents and friends for their encouragement and never-ending support.
 ABSTRACT
PNEUMATIC COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE are indispensable tools in
modern manufacturing processes, providing essential support for achieving precision,
efficiency, and repeatability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role,
applications, and benefits of PNEUMATIC COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE in
various industries. Beginning with an overview of their historical development and
evolution, the abstract delves into the fundamental principles underlying their design and
function. It explores the diverse array of industries where PNEUMATIC COCONUT
DEHUSKING MACHINE find application, from automotive and aerospace to electronics
and medical device manufacturing. Through case studies and real-world examples, the
abstract demonstrates how these tools streamline production processes, reduce setup times,
and enhance quality control. Additionally, it examines recent advancements in materials and
technologies that have further optimized the design and performance of PNEUMATIC
COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE. Finally, the abstract discusses future trends and
potential innovations in this field, emphasizing the ongoing importance of PNEUMATIC
COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE in driving manufacturing efficiency and
competitiveness in the global market.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl no Contents Page no
1 INTRODUCTION 1-4
2 PROJECT BACKGROUND 5
3 METHODOLOGY 6
4 DESIGN DIAGRAMS 7-12

5 WORKING 13
6 NEED FOR COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE 14
7 DESIGN PROCEDURE 15

8 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 16

9 AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN 17-18

10 STANDARDIZATION 19

11 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 20

12 FABRICATION PROCESSES USED 21-22

13 LATHE MACHINE OPERATIONS 23-26

14 APPLICATIONS 27
15 ADVANTAGES 28
16 CONCLUSION 29
17 REFERENCE 30
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sl no Contents Page no
1 PNEUMATIC OPERATED COCONUT DEHUSKING 2
MACHINE
2 ISO 7
3 FRONT 7
4 TOP 8

5 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER 32 X 80 9
6 PNEUMATIC CYLINDER 63 X 80 10

7 PNEUMATIC 5/2 HAND LEVER 11

8 CONNECTORS 11
9 HOSES (PU PIPES) 12
10 LASER CUTTER WORKS 21
11 FACING 23
12 STRAIGHT TURNING 24
13 STEP TURNING 25
14 ECCENTRIC TURNING 26
MAIN PROJECT PNEUMATIC COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The price hike of coconuts in the market has made it beneficial for cultivators to have a reliable
yet cost efficient equipment to process coconuts either for personal use or even retailing in
small and medium enterprises (SME’s). In the past, machining of coconuts was done manually
or semi-automated using separate machines that individually accommodate the process of de-
husking, grating and extracting. Nowadays, with the development of modern technology, which
had been absorbed into the manufacturing sector to improve capabilities and production
capacity, it is possible to engineer a machine with mechanisms that can serve multiple tasks.
This will provide something new in the manufacturing sector such that the production of goods
can be accomplished swiftly and with quality. Current practices in the market today have shown
that in order to produce coconut milk, several individual machines are being used. Coconuts
have to undergo a husking process to remove the husk from the coconut; the husk is the
outermost covering of the coconut fruit that provides protection for the endocarp (coconut
shell) surrounding the seed. The next process is the shell removing process that uses a coconut
grater machine to acquire the kernel by separating it from the shell and finally, a coconut
extracting machine is used to obtain the coconut milk. However, in this project, the machine
designs are only focused on improving the efficiency of the de-husking process i.e., producing
clean coconut fruits without husk.

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Pneumatic Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine

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CHAPTER 2

PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Automatic Pneumatic Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine is designed to streamline the
process of removing the husk from coconuts using pneumatic power. This project aims to
enhance efficiency and reduce manual labor in coconut processing, making it more cost-
effective and less time-consuming. Automatic Pneumatic Operated Coconut Dehusking
Machine typically includes the need for automation in traditional coconut processing
industries. Traditional methods of dehusking coconuts are labor- intensive and time-
consuming, leading to inefficiencies and increased production costs. By developing a
pneumatic-operated machine, the project seeks to address these challenges by automating the
dehusking process, thereby improving productivity, reducing labor costs, and enhancing
overall efficiency in coconut processing operations. Additionally, factors such as safety, ease
of operation, and maintenance requirements are also considered during the design and
development of the machine.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

• To study about the bucket including the type of failure.

• To study the various work on this subject including reading previous research papers
on this subject.
• To design the bucket for the particular application by using the analytical method.
• Modeling the geometry in the CAD software.
• Pre-processing of geometry in the Analysis software.
• Processing the results.
• Post-processing the result including getting various results.
• Experimentation of the bucket.
• Validation of the results.

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CHAPTER 4

DESIGN DIAGRAMS

Fg 1 iso

Fig 2 front

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Fig 3 Top

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PARTS DESCRIPTION

Fig 4 Pneumatic Cylinder 32 x 80

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use the
power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.[1]: 85

Like hydraulic cylinders, something forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston
is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be
moved.[1] : 85 Engineers sometimes prefer to use pneumatics because they are quieter, cleaner,
and do not require large amounts of space for fluid storage.

Because the operating fluid is a gas, leakage from a pneumatic cylinder will not drip out and
contaminate the surroundings, making pneumatics more desirable where cleanliness is a
requirement. For example, in the mechanical puppets of the Disney Tiki Room, pneumatics are
used to prevent fluid from dripping onto people below the puppets.

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Fig 5 Pneumatic Cylinder 63 x 80

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use the
power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.[1]: 85

Like hydraulic cylinders, something forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The piston
is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be
moved.[1] : 85 Engineers sometimes prefer to use pneumatics because they are quieter, cleaner,
and do not require large amounts of space for fluid storage.

Because the operating fluid is a gas, leakage from a pneumatic cylinder will not drip out and
contaminate the surroundings, making pneumatics more desirable where cleanliness is a
requirement. For example, in the mechanical puppets of the Disney Tiki Room, pneumatics are
used to prevent fluid from dripping onto people below the puppets.

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Fig 6 Pneumatic 5/2 Hand Lever

5/2 way is a five port, two position valve that will put a fluid or air into one end of a double
acting device as well as allowing the other end vent to exhaust. Zero Differential are solenoid
valves that can operate under zero head pressure (do not need a differential pressure drop across
the valve to work).

Fig 7 Connectors

A pneumatic coupling is used to connect compressed air tools to a compressed air line. A
pneumatic coupler allows a tool to be easily connected or disconnected to a hose or pipe while
it is under pressure. The system consists of two parts: the quick coupling (the female part) and
the plug-in or nipple (the male part).

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Fig 8 Hoses (PU Pipes)

A pneumatic hoses and tube distribute compressed air to components within a system, such as
valves and actuators. Industrial plants and manufacturing facilities rely on pneumatic
equipment.

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CHAPTER 5

WORKING

The pneumatic coconut husk remover is same as that of pneumatic punching machine. It
consists of pneumatic cylinders, hand lever valve, sequencing valve, pneumatic operated holder
and tool. The sequencing valve and hand lever valve helps to supply compressed air with high
pressure and this high pressure is let inside the pneumatic cylinder. The dehusking of coconut
is done by placing coconut in the pneumatic operated holding machine. Then the compressed
air is supplied with the help of hand lever valve. The coconut moves upward with the help of
compressed air which is connected to cylinder, the removal of husk is done by tool. The husk
is loosened a lot which can be easily removed by hand. Thus, the whole dehusking process is
carried out by using this pneumatic system.

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CHAPTER 6

NEED FOR COCONUT DEHUSKING MACHINE

Although coconut is of immense economic importance to both the industrialist and rural
Dwellers, separation of its husk from the nut (de-husking) constitutes the first, most difficult
and dangerous operation in its processing. The use of cutlass which is the popular traditional
method for coconut de-husking poses threat and danger to the life of people involved, since on
the process of de-husking, some cut their hands, and face as the cutlass usually bounces back
on hitting the husk. The use of metal spike was later developed to overcome these negative
features of de-husking of the fruit with machet but this later development focused only on
extraction of coconut meat even though accident, time and energy consumption was reduced.
The search for a device that will enable effective recovery of other products of this fruit such
as the milk, shell and fiber continued due to the importance of these coconut by-products in
modem technological applications. Thus, a coconut de-husking machine was developed in
Malaysia in 1986. Although this machine separates husk and the nut, thereby facilitates
effective recovery of the fruits meat, milk and shell, its major problems of nut breakage and
high cost of production and maintenance hinders its popularity. Therefore a machine is to be
designed and developed to de-husk the coconut in order to. overcome the negative aspects of
the previously designed machines.

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CHAPTER 7

DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. Definition of problem

2. Synthesis

3. Analysis of forces

4. Selection of material

5. Determination of mode of failure

6. Selection of factor of safety

7. Determination of dimensions

8. Modification of dimensions

9. Preparation of drawings

10. Preparation of design report

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CHAPTER 8

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• Strength
• Rigidity
• Reliability
• Safety
• Cost
• Weight
• Ergonomics
• Aesthetics
• Manufacturing considerations
• Assembly considerations
• Conformance to standards
• Friction and wear
• Life
• Vibrations
• Thermal considerations
• Lubrication
• Maintenance
• Flexibility
• Size and shape
• Stiffness

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CHAPTER 9

AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN

• Appearance is an outward expression of quality of the product and is the first

communication of product with the user.
• Aesthetics is defined as the set of principles of appreciation of beauty. It deals with the
appearance of the product.
•

ASPECTS OF AESTHETIC DESIGN

• Form(shape)
• Symmetry and shape
• Color
• Continuity
• Variety
• Proportion
• Noise
• Contrast
• Impression and purpose
• Style
• Material and surface finish
• Tolerance

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ERGONOMICS CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN

• Ergonomics is defined as the study of the man - machine - working environment

relationship
• It aims at decreasing the physical and mental stresses to the user
• Areas covered under ergonomics
• Communication between man (user) and machine
• Working environment
• Human anatomy and posture while using the machine
• Energy expenditure in hand and foot operations

MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN

• Minimum total number of parts in a product

• Minimum variety of parts
• Use standard parts
• Use modular design
• Design parts to be multifunctional
• Design parts for multiple use
• Select least costly material
• Design parts for ease of manufacture
• Shape the parts for minimizing the operations

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CHAPTER 10

STANDARDIZATION

• It is the process of establishing the set of norms to which a specified set of

characteristics of a component or a product should conform
• Example: Standardizing the shaft consists of specifying the set of shaft diameters and
material

OBJECTIVES OF STANDARDIZATION

• To make the interchangeability of the components possible

• To make the mass production of components easier

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CHAPTER 11

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

• Strength
• Stiffness/Rigidity
• Elasticity
• Plasticity
• Ductility
• Brittleness
• Malleability
• Toughness
• Machinability
• Resilience
• Creep
• Fatigue
• Hardness

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CHAPTER 12

FABRICATION PROCESSES USED

LASER BEAM MACHINING (LBM)

Lasers are used for many purposes. One way they are used is for cutting metal plates. On mild
steel, stainless steel, and aluminum plate, the laser cutting process is highly accurate, yields
excellent cut quality, has a very small kerf width and small heat affect zone, and makes it
possible to cut very intricate shapes and small holes.

Most people already know that the word “LASER” is actually an acronym for Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Fig 9 Laser cutter works

The laser beam is a column of very high intensity light, of a single wavelength, or color. In the
case of a typical CO2 laser, that wavelength is in the Infra-Red part of the light spectrum, so it
is invisible to the human eye. The beam is only about 3/4 of an inch in diameter as it travels
from the laser resonator, which creates the beam, through the machine’s beam path. It may be
bounced in different directions by a number of mirrors, or “beam benders”, before it is finally

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focused onto the plate. The focused laser beam goes through the bore of a nozzle right before
it hits the plate. Also flowing through that nozzle bore is a compressed gas, such as Oxygen or
Nitrogen.

Focusing the laser beam can be done by a special lens, or by a curved mirror, and this takes
place in the laser cutting head. The beam has to be precisely focused so that the shape of the
focus spot and the density of the energy in that spot are perfectly round and consistent, and
centered in the nozzle. By focusing the large beam down to a single pinpoint, the heat density
at that spot is extreme. Think about using a magnifying glass to focus the sun’s rays onto a leaf,
and how that can start a fire. Now think about focusing 6 KWatts of energy into a single spot,
and you can imagine how hot that spot will get.

The high power density results in rapid heating, melting and partial or complete vaporizing of
the material. When cutting mild steel, the heat of the laser beam is enough to start a typical
“oxy-fuel” burning process, and the laser cutting gas will be pure oxygen, just like an oxy-fuel
torch. When cutting stainless steel or aluminum, the laser beam simply melts the material, and
high pressure nitrogen is used to blow the molten metal out of the kerf.

On a CNC laser cutter, the laser cutting head is moved over the metal plate in the shape of the
desired part, thus cutting the part out of the plate. A capacitive height control system maintains
a very accurate distance between the end of the nozzle and the plate that is being cut. This
distance is important, because it determines where the focal point is relative to the surface of
the plate. Cut quality can be affected by raising or lowering the focal point from just above the
surface of the plate, at the surface, or just below the surface.

There are many, many other parameters that affect cut quality as well, but when all are
controlled properly, laser cutting is a stable, reliable, and very accurate cutting process.

ADVANTAGES OF LBM:

• Tool wear and breakage are not encountered.

• Very small holes with large aspect ratio can be achieved.
• A wide variety of hard and difficult-to-machine materials can be tackled.
• Machining is extremely rapid and the setup times is economical.
• Holes can be located accurately by using an optical laser system for alignment.
• The operating cost is low.

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CHAPTER 13

LATHE MACHINE OPERATIONS

FACING

Facing is the operation of machining the ends of a piece of work to produce flat surface square
with the axis. The operation involves feeding the tool perpendicular to the axis of rotation of
the work.

Fig 10 Facing

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TURNING

Turning in a lathe is to remove excess material from the workpiece to produce a cylindrical
surface of required shape and size.

STRAIGHT TURNING:

The work is turned straight when it is made to rotate about the lathe axis and the tool is fed
parallel to the lathe axis. The straight turning produces a cylindrical surface by removing excess
metal from the workpieces.

Fig 11 Straight turning

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STEP TURNING:

Step turning is the process of turning different surfaces having different diameters. The work
is held between centres and the tool is moved parallel to the axis of the lathe. It is also called
shoulder turning.

Fig 12 Step turning

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ECCENTRIC TURNING

If a cylindrical workpiece has two separate axes of rotating, one being out of centre to the other,
the workpiece is termed as eccentric and turning of different surfaces of the workpiece is known
as eccentric turning. The distance between the axes is known as offset. Eccentric turning may
also be done on some special machines. If the offset distance is more, the work is held by means
of special centres. If the offset between the centres is small, two sets of centres are marked on
the faces of the work. The work is held and rotated between each set of centres to machine the
eccentric surfaces.

Fig 13 Eccentric turning

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CHAPTER 14

APPLICATIONS
The Automatic Pneumatic Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine has various applications in
the coconut processing industry. It can be used in coconut farms, processing plants, and
commercial kitchens where coconuts are a primary ingredient. The machine streamlines the
dehusking process, reducing labor costs and increasing efficiency. Additionally, it can be
adapted for use in regions where coconuts are a staple crop, helping to meet the demand for
processed coconut products such as coconut water, coconut oil, and coconut milk. Overall,
the machine enhances productivity, reduces manual labor, and improves the quality of
coconut processing operations. These types of pneumatic coconut husk remover with shell
cutter can be extensively used in the fields like

1. Industrial canteens,

2. Agriculture purposes

3. Hair oil refinery industries.

4. Coir and Fuel industries

5. Gunny bag industries

6. Health benefits

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CHAPTER 15

ADVANTAGES

1. Skilled labour is not required.

2. Easy operation
3. It can be transported easily from one place to another since dismantling and assembling
is simple.
4. Maintenance is easy.
5. Investment is very low
6. Efficiency: Significantly reduces the time and effort required for coconut dehusking.
7. Reduced Labor Dependence: Minimizes the need for skilled labor traditionally
required for dehusking.
8. Consistency: Provides uniform dehusking, enhancing the quality and presentation of
the coconuts.
9. Versatility: Suitable for both commercial and domestic settings.

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CHAPTER 16

CONCLUSION

The coconut dehusking is one of the toughest and time-consuming post harvesting operation.
In India coconut is developed on an enormous scale. To process such an enormous number of
generation of coconuts some appropriate system should be recognized or created. A few
endeavours have been made to motorize the dehusking of coconut. Some of them were
physically worked and others were power worked. These instruments have their own
preferences and detriments. Some of them were problematic, tedious, power expending,
uneconomical. There is a need to build up some instrument which would work acceptable and
must be affordable.

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REFERENCE
1. Anu, S.C, “Development and testing of a continuous power operated coconut husker”,
M. Tech project report submitted to the kelappaji college of agriculture engineering and
technology (KCAET), Tavanur, 2012.
2. Luise Cancel, San Juan, Puerto Rico, “Coconut breaking machine”.U.S Patent
3,605,834, Sept. 20, 1971.
3. Chandra Dinanath, Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago, “Coconut dehusking machine”,
US patent no 4,708,056, November, 24,1987.
4. G.Sujaykumar, Shashidhar B. Asantapur, Vishwas C., Prashanth Kumar, Dhanush D.
“Design and Fabrication of Coconut Dehusker”.Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Automation p-ISSN: 2163-2405 e-ISSN: 2163-2413 2017
5. Shrinivasan R, Zanwar and R.D.Kokate, “Advanced agriculture system” International
Journal of Advanced Research in engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 3,
Issue 2, 2012,pp-111-118, ISSN Print: 0976-64180, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.
6. Vargheser, Jippu Jacob, “A Review of coconut husking machine”, International Journal
of Advanced Research in engineering & Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0975-6995(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 7002 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, September - December (2014), pp. 68-
78.
7. Rahul Sabale, K. P. Kolhe, “Review of Coconut Fiber Extraction
Machines”International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015.
8. Amal PV, Sibin Sebastian, Abhiram Babu E, Albin Jose Saibu, Sony Kuriakose “Design
and fabrication of cocout dehusking machine” International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-0056, pISSN: 2395-0072.
9. Vijay Kumar G Tile, Praveen K, Prema D, Srikanth, Yashvanth B G, “ Design and
Fabrication of Pneumatic Operated Coconut Dehusking Machine” International Journal
of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, Special Issue
15, December 2017.

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