LONG QUESTIONS

1. Derive relation between electric current and drift velocity. Hence deduce Ohm's law.
Also write the expression for resistivity in terms of number density of free electrons
and relaxation time.
2. Deduce relation between quantities ⃗j , σ and E ⃗⃗.
3. Define mobility of charge carrier. Write relations between electric current and mobility
for a conductor.
4. Show the Variation of resistivity p of (a) copper with temperature, (b) Variation of
resistivity p of nichrome with temperature (c) semiconductor.
5. What is a Wheatstone bridge? When is the bridge said to be balanced? Apply
Kirchhoff's laws to derive the balance condition of the Wheatstone bridge.

NUMERICALS
1. The resistance of the platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at the ice
point is 5 Ω and at steam point is 5.23 Ω. When the thermometer is inserted in a hot
bath, the resistance of the platinum wire is 5.795 Ω. Calculate the temperature of the
bath.
2. An electric toaster uses nichrome (an alloy of nickel and chromium) for its heating
element. When a negligibly small current passes through it, its resistance at room
temperature (27.0°C) is found to be 75.3 Ω. When the toaster is connected to a 230 V
supply, the current settles after a few seconds to a steady value of 2.68 A. What is the
steady temperature of the nichrome element? The temperature coefficient of
resistance of nichrome averaged over the temperature range involved is 1.70×10 -4°C-
1
.
3. The free electrons of a copper wire of cross- sectional area 10-6m2 acquire a drift
velocity of 10-4m/s when a certain potential difference is applied across the wire. Find
the current flowing in the wire if the density of free electrons in copper is 8.5 × 1028
electrons/m3.
4. The resistance of the platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at the ice
point is 5 Ω and at steam point is 5.23 Ω. When the thermometer is inserted in a hot
bath, the resistance of the platinum wire is 5.795 Ω. Calculate the temperature of the
bath.
5. Determine the voltage drop across the resistor R1 in the circuit given below with ε =
60V, R1 =18Ω, R2 =10Ω.

6. A letter A consists of a uniform wire of resistance 1 ohm per cm. The sides of the letter
are each 20 cm long and the cross-piece in the middle is 10 cm long while the apex
angle is 60°. Find the resistance of the letter between the two ends of the legs.
7. Find the effective resistance between points A and B for the network shown in Figure
8. Using Kirchhoff's laws in the electrical network shown in Figure, calculate the values
of I1, I2 and I3.

9. Find the value of the unknown resistance X, in the following circuit, if no current flows
through the section AO. Also calculate the current drawn by the circuit from the battery
of emf 6 V and negligible internal resistance.