ექსტრალინგვისტური კრიტეტიუმების კრიტიკული ანალიზი

gagebineba.
zogi fiqrobs, rom enisa da kilos gamijvna SesaZlebelia gagebinebis mixedviT. zogi mecnieri gagebinebas
lingvistur kriteriumadac ki Tvlis; mag., `enaTmecnierebis Teoriul kursSi" vkiTxulobT: erTi enis is
variantebi, romelTa mflobelebs erTmaneTis ar esmiT, SesaZlebelia, damoukidebel enebad miviCnioT.
pirvel rigSi aRvniSnavT, rom gagebineba logikuri (eqstralingvisturi) kriteriumia da
ara _ lingvisturi; rac mTavaria, arc erTi civilizebuli sazogadoebis enis statusi ar
dadgenila gagebinebis safuZvelze. arsebiTia isic, rom enad wodebul bevr
metyvelebas Soris aris gagebineba da piriqiT: msoflios bevr enas aqvs iseTi
dialeqtebi, romelTa Soris gagebineba rTulia an SeuZlebelia.
Cveni azriT, iSviaT SemTxvevaSi gagebinebis faqtors mniSvneloba SeiZleba
mieniWos arakonsolidirebuli tomebis metyvelebis statusis gansazRvrisas: Tu
monaTesave sazogadoebebs ar gaaCniaT winaprebisgan Seqmnili saerTo
mwignobroba da arc koine, aseT SemTxvevaSi ar arsebobs erovnuli meobis
CamomZerwavi, gamaerTianebeli enobriv-kulturuli sistema da tomebs aqvT mkafiod
Camoyalibebuli tomobrivi identoba, maTi umwerlobo kontinuumebi damoukidebel
enebad SeiZleba iqnen miCneulni;
werilobiTi tradiciis mqone sazogadoebas Tuki aqvs sakuTari mwignobruli enis
monaTesave zepiri saSinao sametyvelo variantic _ meore sametyvelo kodic, zepiri
(umwerlobo) varianti dialeqtad miiCneva; aseTi ori sametyvelo kodis statusis
gansazRvrisas gagebinebis kriteriums ver daveyrdnobiT, vinaidan gagebineba
konteqstze damokidebuli da Sesabamisad, metad pirobiTi cnebaa; rac mTavaria,
amgvari e. w. xalxuri (araprofesionaluri) midgomiT iZulebulni gavxdebiT, werilobiTi
tradiciis mqone TiTqmis yvela ena ramdenime `enad~ davSaloT, ramdenadac,
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, msoflioSi arsebul TiTqmis yvela enas moepoveba lokaluri
gavrcelebis iseTi zepiri saxesxvaoba, romlis gageba gauWirdeba am enis sxva
mflobelebs; araTu kiloebs Soris, aramed kilokavebs Sorisac ki xSirad ara gvaqvs
gagebineba.
aqve gansaxilvelia e. w.`jaWvuri gardamavlobis" kriteriumi: zogi fiqrobs, rom
Tuki mocemul enas axasiaTebs gagebinebis uwyvetoba _ mocemuli eris mosazRvre
Temebs erTmaneTis esmiT, am enis aramomijnave metyvelebebic dialeqtebad
iTvleba gagebinebis miuxedavad... landSaftis gamo msoflios bevri enis dialeqtebs
Soris gagebineba ar arsebobs; mag., qvemoimerulsa da megruls Soris cxeniswylis
zonaSi arsebuli gardamavali metyveleba SemaerTebel xids warmoadgens megrulsa
da imeruls Soris, magram svanuri kiloebi izolirebulia sxva qarTveluri
metyvelebebisagan da gardamavali zona ar arsebobs, mag., svanursa da megruls,
svanursa da leCxumurs Soris... sxva enebis momijnave dialeqtebs Sorisac
problemuria gagebineba mTagoriani landSaftisa da kunZulis izolirebis gamo:
bunebrivi barierebi xels uSlis intensiur komunikacias... am da sxva mizezTa gamo
gagebinebas arasando kriteriumad Tvlian: v. Jirmunski, e. koseriu, i. qloupeki,
j.hergeni da mravali sxva7.

enis statusis gansazRvra religiuri niSniT.

iSviaTad religiiT gansxvavebuli erTi eTnosis sxvadasxva Temi damoukidebel
eTnosad iazrebs Tavs da, Sesabamisad, Tavis kuTxur metyvelebasac damoukidebel
enad acxadebs; mag., aseTi gziT damoukidebel enebad miiCneva: bosniuri _
musliman slavTa metyveleba; serbiuli _ marTlmadidebel slavTa metyveleba da
xorvatiuli _ kaTolike slavTa metyveleba (montenegroulis gamocalkevebas sxva
faqtorebic ganapirobebs).
dasaxelebuli slavuri metyvelebebi erTmaneTisagan arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba;
Sdr., iugoslaviis socialisturi federaciuli respublikis daSlamde arsebobda mxolod erTi
ena _ serbul-xorvatuli ena. komunisturi ideologiis damarcxebis Semdeg wina planze
wamovida religiuri identoba,ramac ganapiroba dialeqtebis enebad gamocxadeba
TviT am dialeqtebis mflobelTa mier (Sdr., TviTidentifikacia); amas ki mohyva
federaciis saboloo daSla da serb-xorvatTa axali saxelmwifoebis warmoqmna.

enis statusis gansazRvra politikuri safuZvliT.

sabWoTa ruseTis imperias iolad rom moexdina rumineTis nawilis aneqsia, ruminuli
enis moldovur dialeqts enis statusi mianiWa, moldovis mosaxleoba ki damoukidebel
naciad gamoacxada. dResac mecnierTa didi nawili moldovur metyvelebas ruminuli
enis kilod miiCnevs, erTi nawili ki sabWoTa inerciiT damoukidebel enad Tvlis...
msgavsia azerbaijanuli enis Seqmnis `istoriac~:
kavkasiis (baqos navTobis) kontrolis mosurne ruseTis imperia didi xania cdilobs,
azerbaijanis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli Turquli enis dialeqti azerbaijanul enad
gamoacxados. `azerbaijanuli enis~ Seqmnis aswlovani mcdelobis miuxedavad,
dResac ki azerbaijanul enas bevri azerbaijanul Turquls uwodebs...
naTelia, rom amgvari midgomiT aralogikuria enisa da kilos statusis gansazRvra.
amrigad, kavkasiaSi ruseTis Semosvlis Semdeg (me-19 saukunis pirveli naxevari)
iwyeba qarTvelur idiomTa kvalifikaciis politizeba, kerZod, ruseTis imperiis
mesveurni cdiloben, enobriv-eTnikurad daanawevron qarTveli eri da am mizniT
qarTvelTa nawils warmoadgenen umwignobro enebis mqone xalxebad, qarTvelur
kiloTa erT nawils acxadeben `umwerlobo enebad".
samecniero literaturaSi umwignobro enisa da kilos gamijvna problemuradaa
miCneuli; dRemde mimdinareobs sando kriteriumis Zieba.
arasandoobis gamo Tanamedrove samecniero literaturaSi „enisa“ da „dialeqtis“
gasamijnav kriteriumad ar iTvleba:

 gagebineba - gagebineba SeiZleba ar iyos dialeqtebs Sori-

sac;

 bgeraTSesatyvisoba - aris dialeqtebs Sorisac;

  enobrivi sistemuri msgavseba-gansxvaveba - aravis daudgenia zRvari,
ramdenprocentiani sxvaoba SeiZleba iyos sakmarisi dialeqtebis monaTesave
enebad kvalifikaciisaTvis;

msoflioSi arsebuli enebisa Tu kiloebis statusis dadgena ufro xdeba sociolingvisturi

kriteriumebiT; kerZod, kriteriumad gamoyenebulia:

 _ eTnokulturul identobasTan mimarTeba: ena aqvs eTnoss,

kilo _ eTnosis nawils;
 _ kodificirebuloba: damwerlobis qona/arqona;
 _ standartuloba/normirebuloba;
 _ prestiJuloba;
 _ politikuri midgoma;
 _ religiuri identoba;
 _ saxelmwifo enis statusi...
amaTgan metyvelebis statusis gansasazRvravad yvelaze ufro sando Cans mocemuli
sazogadoebis enis mimarTeba eTnokulturul identobasTan: ena aqvs ers, dialeqti ki _
eris nawils; rac mTavaria, enebisa da kiloebis statusis istoriis Seswavla cxadyofs:
rogorc wesi, konkretuli sametyvelo erTeuli msgavsi struqturis mqone oficialuri,
samwignobro (/standartuli) enis nairsaxeobad _ dialeqtad iTvleba, Tuki am
sametyvelo erTeulis mflobel sazogadoebas istoriulad monawileoba miRebuli aqvs
mocemuli samwignobro (/standartuli) enis SeqmnaSi. mravalsaukunovani
saliteraturo ena umTavresi faqtoria am samwignobro kulturis Semqmneli
monaTesave sazogadoebebis erTian erad Camoyalibebis procesSi.