LESSON 1 IMPORTANCE OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES

Planting and propagating trees and fruit –bearing trees is a source of livelihood for many Filipino
families. Nowadays, many people engage in this as a source of additional income for their daily needs.
Fruit –bearing trees can be planted in your backyard depend on several factors: the space in your
backyard , the kind of soil, and, and the type of climate in your own community. The pupils should be
able to demonstrate understanding of scientific practices in planting and propagating trees and fruit
bearing trees.
It is important, however, to first learn the benefits derived from planting and propagating trees
and fruit-bearing trees to families and communities. This lesson will discuss these benefits. It will also
identify successful orchard growers in the country. At the same time, the lesson will present sources of
fruit-bearing seedlings for sale. In addition, this lesson will also present the latest data on the volume of
production of the most in demand fruit crops in the country.
Why is there a need for plant propagation?
Plant propagation is the process of reproducing or creating a new plant or seedling. It is an
important part of gardening, whether outdoors or indoors. Plants are living things that grow either
through their roots, stems and leaves of their flowers, fruits, and seeds. It is a method of growing new
plants from seed or from parts of existing plants.

Benefits derived from planting trees and fruit-bearing trees to families and communities

Trees are valuable to the family and the community for the products and amenities they give
such as:

1. food like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and sugar

2. wood used as fuel for cooking and heating
3. construction materials which include lumber, plywood, and board
4. fiber for the production of pulp and paper; and
5. chemical products such as resin, rubber, and turpentine.

Other Benefits Derived from Trees

There are benefits derived from trees to maintain a healthy environment. Some of these
benefits include:

1. They provide shade and fresh air around the house and, along the streets and surroundings.
Trees are very much needed by people in these times of climate change when the temperature
is high and the heat of the sun becomes intense. Without trees, there are no shades to keep us
cool.
2. They protect the soil from erosion. Have you seen big roots that extend several meters from the
trunk or go deeper into the soil? These roots hold the soil, preventing it from eroding when rain
or floods come.
3. They help maintain high quality water supply. The roots of plants and trees help strain the dirt
and cleanse the water as it passes through the roots.

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 4. The root system promotes soil stability. This means that the soil held by the roots remain there
and does not erode.
5. They serve as valuable wildlife habitats. Wild animals live in places with many trees like that of a
forest.
6. They serve as windbrakers during typhoons and storms, thus, reducing the destruction of home
and agricultural crops. A typhoon that is strong usually moves at a very fast speed. It continues
to be that strong if there are no barriers on the path where it moves. But when it passes barriers
like mountains and trees, it slows down and its speed is reduced. Small crops and plants as well
as houses are safe when typhoon is weak.
7. They help reduce pollutions in congested urban areas. Remember that trees take in carbon
dioxide emitted from vehicles that belches smoke. The more trees present, the less amount of
carbon dioxide is in the air.
8. They contribute to the beautiful landscapes in the city and the countryside. Imagine a land with
plenty of trees and grass and a scattering of flowers of beautiful colors, sizes, and shapes.
9. They improve the atmosphere of a place by giving a feeling of freshness and coolness as they
reduce temperature.
10. They prevent river and lake sedimentation. Have you observed a river bank that is lined
endlessly with full-grown trees? These trees help hold the water in the lake and river and keep it
there. This prevents the lake and river from drying up.
11. They prevent floods. Floods occur when water from rain rushes in causing soil erosion. However,
if there are trees to serve as barriers and the roots to hold the water, flood will not occur.

Trees and Fruit-bearing trees that one can plant

Some of the common trees planted in both rural and urban areas are the following:

1. Narra 9. Alibangbang
2. Yakal 10. Banaba
3. Apitong 11. Pine Tree
4. Acacia 12. Indian Tree
5. Ipil-Ipil 13. Fire Tree
6. Palm Tree 14. Molave
7. Rubber Tree 15. Mahogany
8. Bamboo Tree

Some of the common fruit-bearing trees are the following:

1. Duhat 14. Rambutan

2. Mango 15. Lychee
3. Santol 16. Guava
4. Coconut 17. Aratiles
5. Orange/Dalandan 18. Camachile
6. Pomelo 19. Mangosteen
7. Atis 20. Durian
8. Langka 21. Pili
9. Chico 22. Cashew
10. Banana 23. Star Apple
11. Avocado 24. Guyabano

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 12. Longan 25. Balimbing
13. Cacao

Successful orchard growers in the Philippines

If you get to know the success stories of our country’s top orchard growers, you would never
imagine how they got to where they are now. Their hard work, determination, and will to succeed is
truly worth emulating. Below are three of our successful orchard growers:

Editha Aguinaldo Dacuycuy- Manang Editha ventured into the dragon fruit business when she was told
how the fruit can help relieve constipation problems – a condition common to cerebral palsy patients.
Her daughter, Kate, was suffering from this ailment. Selling at Php 450.00 per kilo, dragon fruit was too
expensive for Editha, so she decided to raise her own fruits in their backyard. From a small plot, they
now own a 10-hectare property. Dubbed as “Dragon Lady”, Manang Editha, together with her husband
and daughter, Mimie Mildred), also expanded their business into dragon fruit ice cream, vegan dragon
fruit lumpia, wine, vinegar, and even empanadita, dumplings, and burger patties. Located in Barangay
Paayas, Burgos, Ilocos Norte, REFMAD Farms ( Rare Eagle Forest Marine and agricultural Development)
is now an agritourism showcase offering research and livelihood training to fellow Ilocanos and
interested farmers. No less than President NOYNOY Aquino awarded Manag Editha for her hardwork, as
well as other well- known awarding bodies. Her farm has a steady market in neighboring provinces in
Ilocos Norte and Metro Manila. Dole Philippines orders in bulk, while hotels in Ilocos Norte are their
regular clients.

Alfredo M. Yao – The “Juice King of the Philippines, also owns a farm in Negros Occidental aside from
Zest – O Corporation. At 12 years old, he lost his father and grew up doing odd jobs to help his mother
feed her family of six children. One of his jobs was working in a warehouse of a packaging company.
Encouraged by the promising profitability of a packaging format in Europe (Doypack), he bought one and
tried to market the machine to local juice manufacturers. When no factory took notice, he made his own
fruit juice and launched what was to become one of the biggest local juice brands.

Patricio Base – With his 3 hectare plantation of watermelons, honeydew melons, and papaya, he
produces crops year-round in Alicia, Isabela. He was able to send his four children to college with his
earnings. He used to grow rice before venturing into watermelons. He said there was no money in
planting rice, but now with melons, one can even hit the jackpot. In July 2013, he planted Diana
watermelons in 3,500 square meters and got 12 tons worth Php 480.00.

Successful orchard growers in the community or adjacent communities:

1. Sinura Pampanga Farm (San Fernando, Pampanga)

It has 1000 guapple trees, few mango trees and calamansi.
2. Anon, Florida Blanca Farm
Has fruit bearing trees, 600 calamansi, 35 mango and other assorted fruits.
3. Sta. Ana Mango Farm
Has 50 income generating mango trees and fish pond.
4. Mango Farm, Magalang ,Pampanga
Has mango and other fruit bearing trees.
5. Fruit Farm – Mitula Homes, San Fernando, Pampanga
This is a dragon fruit farm.

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 Planting, just like cooking, requires systematic way of doing things. It requires a step-by-step
procedure on how to select and prepare the soil, the seedlings, the tools, and the location for planting.
With these requirements, all that is needed is a thorough knowledge and skill on how to do the
planting process and the manner on how plants are to be taken care of.

Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing trees

A. Proper Care of Plants and Soil

Proper care of plants and soil is necessary for a healthy and bountiful harvest. Do the following:

1. Choose the best place for planting.

Trees and fruit trees require more space for growth than ornamental plants or crops. This is
because trees and fruit trees grow tall and wide . There are trees that roots that expand sideward and
those that move downward. Choose a place where trees will grow freely without obstruction like street
fences or walls. Have enough space allowance between trees, or between the streets, fences, or walls.
Consider the type of soil and the amount of sunlight.

2. Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.

This means that the seeds come from a good quality mother and the seeds are healthy, mature,
with no blemishes or cuts, and of the right size and form. Seeds must be prepared before planting.
Planting should be done preferably during the rainy season. The soil must be suited to the type of seeds
to be planted. Consult an expert on what type of soil, or where do trees like acacia, narra, mango,
rambutan, or coconut grow best.

3. Put sufficient fertilizers in the soil.

It is advisable to prepare the soil before planting. This means cleaning the soil and its surrounding area
and mixing the soil with organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are safe and economical to use, while
inorganic or commercial fertilizers have to be regulated because overuse can poison the soil. A rich soil
is 40 percent clay loam, 30 percent compost, 20 percent dried carabao manure or chicken dung, and 10
percent sand. Remember, plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow and to make them
resistant to pests and diseases.

4. Take care of the soil and the plants regularly.

Caring for the young trees means removing the grass and weeds around them so they do not
compete in getting the nutrients from the soil. Keep the soil always moist and this is no problem during
the rainy season. However, during the dry months, there is a need to water them regularly. Watering is
done during sunrise or after sunset to keep the evaporation of water from the soil slow. Make a ring of
cultivation around the young tree with the size matching the circumference of the crown of the tree.
The soil in this ring is loose and slightly hilling up. In case of pests or insects infestation, do this by
building a fire and allowing the smoke to penetrate the foliage. Use the appropriate pesticide or
fungicide to control plant disease. Consult an expert on this. Likewise, prune the young tree by cutting

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off infected or unproductive branches. Do not leave excess branches on the trunk to avoid infection
which occurs when the cut has not healed.

B. Methods of Planting

Different trees are cultivated in different ways. There are two ways of planting: direct and
indirect. Direct planting is a method of planting where the seeds or parts of a plant are directly planted
in the soil where it will germinate and grow into full-grown trees.
The use of high quality seeds results in high productivity. High quality seeds have a high
percentage of germination and correct moisture content and are free from seed pests, diseases, and
other physical impurities. They should come from a tree with a uniform height and heading, a
characteristic known as varietal purity. To maintain high quality seeds, the following steps are
recommended:
1. Remove off-type, diseased, and damaged seeds.
2. Label seeds properly.
3. Select and preserve only mature seeds and dry them under the sun until proper moisture is
attained.

C. Preparing Seeds for Planting

There are different ways of preparing seeds. One way is by placing the seeds under the sun
before planting. One example of this is the ipil-ipil tree. Some seeds like the mango have to be removed
from their hard shells before planting. Seeds like santol need to be dried before planted in the soil.
There are also seeds that need to be soaked in water before planting, like the seeds of ipil-ipil. Seeds of
avocado are planted as is with the bigger end of the seed below the soil surface.

D. Seed Germination

Seeds need moisture, warmth, oxygen, and, in some instances, sunlight in order to germinate.
Small seeds are sown in a seed box before setting them out in the field. Seeds can also be germinated in
small plastic trays, pots, and other relatively small containers filled with soil medium recommended for
seed propagation. The bottom of the seed boxes should have tiny holes to allow drainage.

Before the seed is sown, the soil should be moistened with a fine spray of water until the soil
has absorbed enough moisture. Make rows with pointed sticks. These rows should be twice as deep as
the size of the seeds. Sow the seeds evenly in rows and cover them with loose soil then press the soil
gently. If you will plant trees, the space should be 10 meters in distance depending on the size of the
tree.
The seed box should be kept in a shady place until the seeds have sprouted. It should be
protected from pests, animals, and adverse weather. Cover the seed box with a sheet of paper to keep
it from drying out too fast during the dry season. When the seeds have sprouted, make sure they get
enough sunlight for proper growth.

E. Preparation of Seedlings Before Transplanting

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 Mortality is high during transplanting if the seedlings are not given proper care. To ensure a higher
rate of survival, the following processes are needed:

1. Thinning – There are times when more seeds are sown than necessary. To produce strong plants,
pull out some crowded seedlings so that the remaining plants will have more room. Thinning
accelerates the circulation of air and provides a greater feeding area for seedlings to make them
sturdier and healthier.

2. Pricking – This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed box to another to provide more
space for proper development. Water the seedlings before pricking.

3. Hardening – This process is done 7 to 15 days before transplanting. The purpose is to make the
tissue of the plants harder in order to survive the rigors of transplanting. The water intake of the
plant is gradually decreased and the seedling is exposed to sunlight for a longer period of time.

F. Indirect Planting

In indirect planting, the plant needs to be transferred to its permanent place. This is commonly
done with trees. Nowadays, you can avail seedlings planted in small plastic bags, ready for transfer.

Follow the general steps in the proper transferring of plants:

1. Place the seedlings away from direct sunlight. Make sure the seedlings are healthy and fresh
before planting

2. Dig the area where you want to plant them. The length and depth of the hole should be
according to how big the tree will become. Leave two inches allowance in the length and depth
of the hole to allow the new roots to breath. For big trees like santol, mango, or acasia, the hole

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 is one meter wide, one meter deep, and one meter long. For small trees like atis, chico, avocado,
and kasoy, the hole should measure 20 inches deep, 20 inches wide, and 20 inches long.

3. Remove the plant from the plastic bag. Do not remove the soil which holds the roots.

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4. Slowly and carefully place the seedlings in the hole. Make sure the main roots are not bent.

5. Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.

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6. Water the new plant early the next morning. Use a water sprinkler. It is important to water the
soil that surrounds the plant.

7. Remember: Plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer hot to avoid
withering.

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LESSON 3 MARKET DEMANDS FOR FRUITS

Harvesting Fruits
Harvesting is picking fruits in their season when they are ready to be sold or eaten. Harvesting is
done at different seasons depending on the characteristics of each product. Generally, fruits are picked
when they are mature enough. Fruits should reach the market in good condition.
1. Mangoes, bananas, and papayas are harvested before they ripen. They should be green and
matured.
2. Pomelos and chicos should be picked at the right size and maturity.
3. Native oranges or dalandans are picked while green They eventually ripen.

The right time to harvest depends on the following factors:

1. The price of fruits on the market – The beginning of harvest season of any fruit commands the
highest price in the market. This is because the fruits are new in the market and are not as
abundant as when they are in the peak of harvest season.
2. The distance of the farm to the market – Transportation comprises a big expenditure in
marketing the products. The farther the farm is to the market, the higher the transport cost.
Likewise, the rate of ripening and deterioration may be affected by the length of time it takes for
the product to reach the market.
3. The period of storage of harvested fruits before bringing them to the market – The longer the
storage, the higher is the risk of the fruits to deteriorate. When some products become overripe
and close to deteriorating, they cannot be sold at a higher price than when they are fresh and at
the right degree of maturity or ripeness.

Storing the Products

Proper storage of harvest is very important to keep them in good condition. Most fruits when
ripened are perishable so they rot or decay easily. Therefore they should be used or sold while still
slightly ripe and firm.

Tips in Storing Fruits

1. Use a wicker basket in storing fruits. This will prevent the fruits from ripening fast because the
holes in the wicker basket will provide fruits with cool air.
2. Use a durable and clean wicker baskets for handling.
3. Classify the fruits first before placing them in the wicker basket, depending on the ripeness, size,
and shape. Separate the ripe from the unripe ones.
4. Place the heavy, unripe fruits in the base, and place the light, ripe ones above, in packing fruits
like papaya, mangoes, and pineapple.
5. Store in a cool, dry place.
6. Store the products in a clean place, free from ants, cockroaches, and other harmful insects.
7. Handle the fruits carefully especially when placing them in the boxes or wicker baskets to avoid
bruises.
8. Always remember, the better the product, the higher the price.

To ensure success in selling fruits, the farmer or seller should consider the following market demands:
1. Buyers select fruits and other products of good quality, usually based on size, shape, and
appearance.

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 2. Good quality fruits have the same appearance, size, stage of maturity, state of freshness, and
shape.
3. Fruits should be in their freshest state when being sold. They can command higher prices.
4. Pack fruits properly in good containers to maintain their freshness and to avoid cuts, bruises,
and blemishes.
5. Price your products based on the current price on the market. Going with the current price
makes your product competitive. Generally, when products are sold during the peak season, if
your products are of superior quality, you can demand a higher price . Many consumers prefer
to pay a higher price if they feel they are getting their money’s worth.

Ways of Marketing a Product

1. Retail- This refers to the sale of goods in small quantities directly to the consumer.
2. Wholesale- This is the sale of goods in a relatively large quantity to be retailed by others.
3. Consignment basis- This is an agreement to supply goods for a definite price and at a specific
time.
4. Announcement of products to the public.
5. Direct selling to the market place.
6. Selling through cooperatives.
Selling by wholesale is advantageous over the retail method because the producer has a
sure market for his products.
The retail method, however, is better because farmers earn more profits this way.
Marketing through cooperatives is the newest practice. Farmers from cooperatives in
order to earn higher profits, while consumers get the product at a lower price.

LET’S BE INFORMED

Just like vegetables and ornamentals, growing fruit trees is not difficult. The problems lie in the
lack of space or where to plant them.

In urban areas where spaces are very limited, fruit trees are not usually planted. Some home
owners do not like to plant trees because they say, a grown tree will destroy the foundation of their
houses because of their big and long roots.

But for those who have enough space, fruit trees like mango, duhat, tamarind, banana, papaya
and other fruit trees are planted. Aside from the shade that they give, when they bear fruits, the family
is, at least, assured of a supply of fruits for their daily consumption.

In the province, fruit trees are sources of income for the family. Aside from the added fresh air,
they provide the ambience that a city dweller have not experienced.

MANGOES

Our country is famous for its delicious mangoes. Although there are other varieties, the carabao
mango is the most sought after and exported in other countries.
Mango fruits are of these varieties:
1. Carabao or super mango. This variety is the favourite of most people around the world with
its perfect blend of sweet and sour taste, soft, succulent with a pleasant odor.

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 2. Pico. This is a smaller in size from the carabao variety but just as sweet, even when it’s not
yet ripe.
3. Indian mango. This originated from India. It bears plenty of fruits the whole year round. It is
a favourite appetizer by most teeners.
Mango tree comes from seed.

PAPAYAS

Papaya is a fruit rich in Vitamins A, B and C and aids in the digestion of food. A good and tasty
dessert, especially when sweet, papaya is an acceptable appetizer or dessert of people of all ages. The
unripe fruits are also valuable for some main dishes as tinola and ginataan. Because of it’s papain, a
protein-spitting enzyme obtained from the juice of unripe papaya, helps tenderize meat and used as an
aid in digestion.

Most home yards grow papaya trees. They are planted by direct seeding, that is, planting
papaya seeds in a hole and cover with ¼ inch of soil. After planting, in 10 to 15 days, seeds will
germinate.
There is the so-called male and female papaya. The male plant, only produce flowers but do not
bear fruit. However, it is necessary for pollination. When planting, allow one male plant to grow for
every 15 to 20 female papayas. Intercropping is a method where papaya can be grown together with
coconuts, coffee, pineapple or bananas. It increases farm income and prevent the growth of weeds
and/or grasses.

Sources of fruit-bearing trees

Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth and ready to be transplanted.
Among their sources are:
 Commercial Nursery – Run by private individuals usually offering landscaping materials and
services.
 Agricultural Institution – A school that offers a course related to agriculture and other plant
studies.
 Department of Agriculture – Responsible for any agricultural activities in terms of vegetables
and fruits .
 Bureau of Plant Industry – They develop scientific improvement for each plant specie in a
locality and adjacent places.

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Famous Orchard Farms in the Philippines

Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines

Rosa Farms is a 12.5 hectare mango orchard in the coastal province of Zambales, home of the
Philippine Carabao Mango. The farm has 888 mango trees nurtured for years. The farm is open to walk-
in guests who want to experience the ambiance of areal functional farm.

Kitsie’s Farm, Zambales, Philippines

Kitsie’s Farm has dozens of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered across its 15 hectares land with
each tree yielding at least 200 kilos each.

Gapuz Grapes Farm, Bauang , La Union

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 Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz brothers learned the ins and outs of
grapes growing in California.

Banana Farm, Davao Region

Banana is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a consistent top dollar earner.

Davao Golden Pomelo Farm, Davao City

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 Carmelita Mercado is the top pomelo producer and distributor in the Philippines. The farm has
350 hectares of sweet pink flesh pomelo.

Nica’s Rambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique

The rambutan tree belongs to a group of fruit bearing tropical trees like longgan and lychee.
The name rambutan came from an Indonesian name “rambut” which means hair.

Health Benefits of Rambutan (from www.healthbenefitstimes.com)

1. Decreases Unwanted Fat. (rambutan seeds) It lessens the body fat

2. Skin Care. (raw rambutan seeds) For healthy, softer and gentle skin
3. Hair Care. (rambutan leaves) For excellent hair regrowth
4. Treats Dysentery. (rambutan skin)
5. Treats Diabetes. (dried fried rambutan seeds)
6. Cures Fever. (dried rambutan skin)
7. Increases Energy.
8. Strengthen Bones.
9. Increases Immune System. Can easily enhance bones because of its high calcium,
phosphorus and iron content
10. Anti-Cancer. It consists of anti-oxidants components
11. Protector of Free Radicals. It’s rich in gallic acid
12. Rich in Vitamin C.
13. Blood Formation. Rich in iron that help avoid anemia
14. Healthy Digestion. It’s rich in fiber that helps prevent bowel problems
15. Improve Sperm Quality and Prevent Cancer

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Grace’s Lanzones Farm, Guyam, Indang Cavite, Philippines

It has 200 fully growned lanzones that earn about 120,000 to 150,000 per harvest.

Dalandan Farm, Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya, Philippines

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 Dalandan or kahel originated from China. This fruit is flattened and turns yellow or reddish
orange when mature. It consists of 10-14 segments easily separated from one another to form an open
core.

Durian Fruit, Davao City, Philippines

The Durian fruit is popular due to its strong aroma and unique taste. It is also grown in Thailand
and and Indonesia. Many often says. “ It smells like hell, but it tastes like heaven”. The flesh is rich in
carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins ( thiamine, riboflavin and Vitamins A and C), and minerals (calcium,
phosphorous, potassium and iron). The flesh is eaten fresh or processed into jams, marmalade, spread,
pastillas, or flavouring for ice cream, candies, cakes and rolls.

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 LESSON 5 TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS

Types of Orchard Farms

Fruit Orchards
 Fruit orchards include any facility focused on growing tree-bearing fruits. Citrus trees, such as those
bearing lemons, limes or oranges, may be grown all together in large citrus orchards, or individually in
smaller facilities. Plantations that grow fruit-bearing bushes generally don't fall under this category. These
include fruits not grown on trees.

Nut Orchards
 Nut orchards include a large variety of facilities that produce nut-bearing trees. These include orchards
that grow popular nuts like cashews, walnuts and almonds. This category also includes cocoa and
chocolate-producing nuts, as well as coconuts. Some orchard owners produce pine trees for their edible
pine nuts.

Seed Orchards
 Seed orchards focus primarily on growing trees that produce seeds rather than nuts or fruit.
These seeds are then sold to commercial distributors for resale to the public in small seed
packets. They may also be sold to large agricultural facilities or used for food production. Seed
orchards can further be divided into two categories based on how they are established. In a
seedling orchard, trees are selected through controlled pollination. In a clonal seed orchard,
seeds are distributed through methods such as cutting and tissue culture, resulting in an easier
harvest overall.

Home or Backyard Orchards

 Home orchards are small gardens where grafted trees are needed and small enough to fit in the garden.

Factors to consider in choosing fruit trees for your orchard:

1. Choose fruit trees which are suited to your location.
2. Choose trees based on your needs or market demands.
3. Consider how much effort you will exert.
4. Plant the right fruits.
5. Choose the best time for planting.
6. Consider the climate in your area.
7. For healthiest and tastiest fruit, choose the sunniest available planting location.

Trees suited for orchard gardening based on:

 LOCATION

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 Hill side Slope Valley Plain
Coconut Mango Durian Banana
Mango Coconut Banana Mango
Pili nut Cashew Papaya Citrus truits
Palm tree Palm tree Mangosteen Dragon fruit
Pili nut Jackfruit
Guava
Star apple
Santol
Coconut

 CLIMATE

Elevated ( Cold) Low (Warm) Dry Season Wet Season

Grape Mango Banana Durian
Pomelo Coconut Pili nut Banana
Banana Palm tree Mango
Guava Dragon fruit
Durian Papaya
Guava
Star apple

 MARKET DEMAND

Year-round Seasonal
Banana Jackfruit
Mango Guava
Citrus Star apple
Dragon fruit Santol
Papaya
Coconut

LESSON 6 PROPER WAY OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT

BEARING TREES

Modern technology and research have gone a long way especially in the field of Agriculture.
There are different agricultural products today that did not exist long ago. We now have seedless
grapes, oranges, and watermelons. There are also various plants with leaves and flowers of different
colors that come from just one plant. Fruit-bearing trees are able to bear fruits within a very short span
of time. Some can bear fruits all year round. These advancements are possible because of an agricultural
technology called plant propagation.

Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is being

practiced because of the following reasons:
1. To increase the number of plant species

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 2. To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases
3. To evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to different conditions of soil and
climate
4. To accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing age of plants
5. To avert the extinction of some plant species

PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES

 Cutting - The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long. One—half of the cutting
is inserted into the soil. Example : Sinigwelas, Kamoteng kahoy

 Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on the
mother plant. The steps are as follows:
a. Select a healthy branch.
b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the bark about 2 to 3
inches long or until you reach the hard, wood layer.
c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut surface.
d. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet.
e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium. Keep it moist.
f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss when sufficient roots develop.
g. Remove some leaves to further induce root development.
h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

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  Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they
will form a union and grow together.

Steps in Grafting

 Preparing the Stock. Start at the cut surface of the rootstock and make a vertical slit through the bark
where each scion can be inserted (2 inches long and spaced 1 inch apart).
 Preparing the Scion. Since multiple scions are usually inserted around the cut surface of the rootstock,
prepare several scions for each graft. Cut the base of each scion to a 11⁄2- to 2-inch tapered wedge on
one side only.
 Inserting the Scion. Loosen the bark slightly and insert the scion so that the wedge-shaped tapered
surface of the scion is against the exposed wood under the flap of bark. Push the scion firmly down
into place behind the flap of bark, replace the bark flap, and nail the scion in place by driving one or
two wire brads through the bark and scion into the rootstock. Insert a scion every 3 to 4 inches around
the cut perimeter of the rootstock.
 Securing the Graft. Seal all exposed surfaces with grafting wax or grafting paint. Once the scions have
begun to grow, leave only the most vigorous one on each stub; prune out all the others. Bark grafts
tend to form weak unions and therefore usually require staking or support during the first few years.

 Budding – the process of transferring the lateral bud taken from the scion to the stock of the
same family. The steps are the following:

1. Cut bud sticks from strong shoots of the present season's growth with mature buds that are
slightly brownish in color.

2. Clip off the leaves from the bud sticks, leaving 1/2 inch of the leafstalk for a handle.

3. Discard the soft tips of the bud sticks.

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 4. Choose branches from the rootstock that are the size of a lead pencil up to 1/2 inch diameter.
Larger branches have too thick a bark for this method to work.

5. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from the trunk, make a T cut across the bark.

6. With a knife blade, lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.

7. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached wood.

8. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends are firmly un9. Using
electrician's tape, tie the bud to the rootstock.

10. Wrap the ends tightly, but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.

11. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not girdle the graft.

12. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the graft when the bud starts growing.

13. Remove any shoots below the graft.

14. The second year, remove all growth from the tree except the bud grafted shoots.

Sources of Fruit-Bearing Trees

Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

Avocado
Star apple
Cashew
Chico
Citrus fruits
Guyabano or Sour sop
Guava
Jackfruit
Lanzones
Mabolo
Macopa

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Mango
Mangosteen
Papaya
Rambutan
Santol

Some are propagated asexually or by artificial methods:

Avocado (grafting)
Banana ( rhizomes)
Star apple (marcotting)
Chico ( marcotting or inarching)
Guyabano (grafting)
Guava (marcotting)
Langka (marcotting)
Duhat (marcotting)
Macopa (marcotting)
Pineapple (suckers)
Mango (grafting)
Strawberry ( runners)
Siniguelas (cuttings)

Taking Care of Fruit Tree Seedlings

Here are some ways to keep plants healthy:
 Water the plants twice a day. Do this in the early morning and in the late afternoon.
 Apply fertilizer in the soil. Use organic fertilizer.
 Cultivate the soil around the plants to allow the roots to breathe.
 Exterminate pests or insects.
The following are recommended for best results:
a. Water the plants.
b. Mix powdered chili or juice of the leaves of the neem tree with water. Keep this overnight.
Use the mixture for watering.
c. Fumigate the tree or plant using charcoal and dried leaves.
d. Remove insects and pests using hands or tweezers.
 Pull the grasses or weeds surrounding the plants because they compete for the nutrients which
are intended for the plants.
 Remove dried leaves and cut carefully the dried or infected branches.
 Monitor the growth of plants.

LESSON 7 LAYOUT DESIGN FOR AN ORCHARD GARDEN

Good site preparation and layout are extremely important in successfully establishing fruit
plantings. Eliminating potential problems before planting will reduce money and effort needed in later
management practices for this long-term investment.

Preparing the Site

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 The following suggestions about site preparation apply mainly to the commercial or hobby
producer, but some have equal application to the home gardener.

1. Get soil sample for nematodes. If damaging nematodes are found, this site may have to be avoided
for a period of time until it can be placed into a grass or other plant rotation for 1 or more years. There
are no longer any chemicals registered to kill nematodes in home gardens. Home gardeners may try
solarization of site during summer months. Commercial growers do have nematicides available for use
but are also using nonchemical control methods.

2. Remove stumps, large rocks, and other debris from the site.

3. Plow the top and subsoil in the area to remove as many roots and smaller rocks as possible. Roots left
in the soil can contribute to root-rot problems in fruit trees.

4. Test the soil, and apply lime, phosphorus, and other fertilizer nutrients according to soil test
recommendations.

5. Apply about 50 to 75 percent of the lime, phosphorus, and other elements on the surface, and plow
as deeply as possible to get them into the root zone. Deep-plowing of lime and fertilizer is especially
important for tree fruit. After deep plowing, apply the remaining 25 to 50 percent of these chemicals
according to soil test recommendations, and disc them into the surface 6 to 10 inches.

Subsoil Nematodes Stump

Layout Systems in Orchard Planting

After preparing the site and determining the size of the orchard, you must next decide on a plan or
arrangement for the orchard.

The plan showing the arrangement of plants in an orchard is known as the “orchard layout”. There
are several systems of planting, these are the following:

A. Square System
For a fairly level site, use the rectangular or square design. It is most easy and popular
method of planting fruit plant. In this system row to row and plant to plant distances are
kept similar. The plants are planted exactly at right angle at each corner. Thus, every
four plants make one square. This is good for Mango, Banana and citrus crops.

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Advantages

1.Irrigation channels and paths can be made straight.

2.Operations like plowing, harrowing, cultivation, spraying and harvesting becomes easy.

3.Better supervision of the orchard is possible as one gets a view of the orchard from one end to the
other.

Disadvantages

1.Comparatively less number of trees are accommodated in given area.

2. A lot of space in the centre of each square is wasted i.e, certain amount of space in the middle of four
trees is wasted.

Lay out procedures :

a) Establish a base line/row.

b) Mark position of trees on this line using the wooden stakes on both sides of the base lines.

c) Using right angle shaft, extend lines perpendicular to the base line from every position of the trees
marked.

d) Stakes are fixed on these lines at plant to plant distance .

B. Rectangular System

The square and rectangle are the most commonly used systems for laying out orchards. The
rectangular design is used to set trees at unequal distances, as for example with dwarf orange, using a 9-
by 15-foot rectangle to set trees 9 feet apart in one direction and 15 feet in the other. Most growers
prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease of working. Thus, rectangular system
accommodates more plants in rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for their growth and
development.

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Lay out procedures :

The procedure is the same as for the square system. The row to row distance is more than the plant to
plant distance and the row to row distance forms the length of the rectangle.

Advantages

1.Intercultural operations can be carried out easily.

2.Irrigation channel can be made length and breadth wise

3.Light can penetrate into the orchard through the large inter spaces between rows.

4.Better supervision is possible.

5.Intercropping is possible.

6. Inter-cultural operations can be carried out through both ways.

Disadvantages

1.A large area of the orchard between rows is wasted if intercropping is not practiced.

2.Less number of trees are planted.

Lay out procedures :

The procedure is the same as that of the square system. The row to row distance is more than the
plant to plant distance and the row to row distance forms the length of the rectangle.

C.Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern

This system is also known as filler or diagonal system. This is a modification over square system of
layout.To make use of the empty space in the center of each square is by planting another plant. The
plants that are planted in the center of each square along with tall growing plants at the corners of
squares are termed as “filler ” plants. Generally, filler trees will be of short duration and not be of the
same kind as those planted on the corners of the square. When main plants of the orchard resume their
proper shape, the filler plants are uprooted. Guava, Peaches, Papaya etc. are important filler plants.

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Advantages

1. Additional income can be earned from the filler crop till the main crop comes into bearing.

2.Compared to square to square and rectangular systems, almost double the number of trees can be
planted initially.

3.Maximum utilization of the land is possible. Increases approximately 10% of the plants in the square
method.

Disadvantages

1.Skill is required to layout the orchard.

2.Inter/filler crop can interfere with the growth of the main crop.

4.Spacing of the main crop is reduced if the filler crop is allowed to continue after the growth of the
main crop.

5. Intercultural operations is difficult.

Layout procedures :

Follow the procedure for the layout of a square system. In addition to this, mark the center of each
square with stake for the filler plants by drawing the diagonals.

D. Hexagonal / Triangular System

This system accommodates 15% more plants than square system. The plants are planted at the corner
of equilateral triangle. Thus, six trees are planted making a hexagon. Seventh tree is planted in the
center. This is very intense method of planting and hence requires fertile land. In the suburb of cities
where land is costly, this system is worth adopting. However, the laying out of the system is hard and
cumbersome.

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Advantages

1.Compared to square system 15% more trees can be planted.

2.It is an ideal system for fertile and well irrigated land.

3.Plant to plant distance can be maintained .

4.More income can be obtained.

Disadvantages

1.Skill is required to layout the orchard.

2. Intercultural operations maybe difficult.

Layout procedures

1. Establish a base line on one side of the field as in the square system.

2. Mark the position of trees on the base line at the desired distance and fix the stakes. Make
equilateral triangles on the base line maintaining the sides of the triangles equal to plant to plant
distance.

3. Mark all the triangles with stakes and join them into a line to form the second line of trees. Similarly,
make equilateral triangles on the second line and cover the whole land.

E. Contour system.

If the land is rugged and steep, follow the contour of the hillside. It is adopted in hilly areas for
planting fruit plants where land is undulated and soil erosion is a great threat. The contour system helps
prevent or reduce erosion and conserve moisture. The layout is started from the lowest level and the
tree rows are planted along uniform slopes at right angle to the slope with a view to reduce loss of top-
soil due to erosion. The width of contour terrace varies according to the slope of the hill. On steep or
rugged sites, contour systems help prevent or reduce erosion and conserve moisture. Since rainfall,
slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of the country, growers use various
arrangements. At the present time, growers use terraces in contour systems when additional erosion
control is needed.

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Advantages

1.This system can be adopted in hilly regions, can control the soil erosion and helps simultaneously in
the conservation of water.

2.Preserved plant nutrients which are supplied as manures and fertilizers.

Disadvantages

1.Laying out of contour lines is difficult and time consuming.

2.Special skill is required to layout this system.

3.Special instruments are required for making contour lines.

4.The row to row distance will not be equal and adjustments may be required in the plat to plant
distance.

5.Rows are broken in to bits and pieces.

Layout procedures:

Contour system is a little more complicated than any other system of layout since planting has to
be done on slopes. For the procedure, mark contours at a distance equal to row to row distance on each
contour lines. The contours may be of full length or less than full length depending on variations in the
degree of slope.

Since rainfall, slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of the country, growers use
various arrangements. At the present time, growers use terraces in contour systems when additional
erosion control is needed. In commercial operations, no matter which orchard layout is used, a
minimum 25- to 30-foot turnaround should be left at the ends of rows to allow easy movement of any
equipment and machinery.

Determining Planting Distances

Proper spatial arrangement is very important in new plantings. Aligning the trees carefully not
only improves the orchard’s appearance, but it also makes orchard operations easier. Individual tree or
plant sites can be indicated with a stake. The number of plants required to plant an acre can be
determined by multiplying the distance between trees in the row by the distance between rows and
then dividing the figure into the number of square feet in an acre (43,560).

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Determining Home Orchard Size

Not all people enjoy all fruits. Evaluate your family situation, and plant those fruits that best meet
your needs. The number of plants that will supply the annual needs for fresh and processed fruit for a
family of five is listed in Table 1.

Table 1.

Number of Fruit Plants to Meet Annual Needs of a Family of Five

Fruit Type Number of Plants Tree Fruit

Pomelo 5 to 8

Mango 3 to 5

Chico 5 to 8

Atis 5 to 8

Lanzones 4 to 6

If you choose to produce several fruit types, you will most likely have more fruits than your
family can use. Only plant what you enjoy eating, and avoid the chore of caring for more plants than you
really need.

LET’S LEARN

Orchard – is an intentional planting of trees that is maintained for food production.

Plat – is a map showing the divisions of a piece of land.

Cumbersome – large or heavy and therefore difficult to use, unmanageable.

Undulated- have a wavy form or outline.

Contour – an outline especially of a curving or irregular figure.

Nematodes – microscopic round worms found in soil.

Subsoil – is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.

Stump – the bottom part of a tree left projecting from the ground after most of the trunk has fallen or
been cut down.

Intercultural operations – permits the intercropping and cultivation even with the use of mechanical
operations.

LET’S EXPLAIN

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1.How do we prepare the site for home orchard?

2.How are fruit trees planted in the different types of orchard?

3.Why is intercultural operations difficult in the hexagonal system layout?

LET’S REMEMBER

If you choose to produce several fruit types in your home orchard, you will most likely have more
fruits than your family can use. Only plant what you enjoy eating, and avoid the chore of caring for
more plants than you really need.

Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease of working. Thus,
rectangular system accommodates more plants in rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for
their growth and development.

Choosing the right pattern for your orchard project will depend on the shape, terrain, and slope
of the land.

LESSON 8 PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT – BEARING TREES USING SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES

Our love for nature and the environment is best shown when we plant trees. Planting trees is a
productive and enjoyable activity that can be turned into an occupation or a hobby. Successful tree-
planting requires some knowledge about trees, what they need and how they grow, and some skill on
when and how to plant and take care of them.

Tools and equipment in plant propagation

Caring for fruit trees is the same as caring for other trees. Orchard tools and equipment play a very
important role in systematic process of plant preparation. Their availability makes the work easier and
helps in the proper execution of the different procedures.

1.Hoe – a tool used in digging and loosening hard, dry soil. It has a thin blade across the end of a long
handle.

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2.Rake – a long handled tool having a bar at one end with teeth in. It is used for smoothening the soil
and gathering loose leaves, hay, or straw.

3.Trowel – a tool with a curved blade used for loosening the ground and taking up small plants.

4.Axe – a tool with a flat, sharp blade fastened to a handle used for cutting trunk of trees and their
branches.

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1. Crowbar – a straight, heavy iron bar pointed at one end, about 4 feet in length, used for digging
holes and for planting seeds.

2. Bolo – a tool with a wooden or metal handle in which a long blade is attached. It is used for
cutting tall grasses and branches of trees.

3. Shovel – a broad scoop attached to a handle. It is used to dig, lift, and throw loose matter.

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4. Fork – a tool resembling a table fork but much bigger in size. It is used in digging and preparing
the soil for the plants.

5. Water Sprinkler – a can with a spout to sprinkle water on the plants. Plants should be watered
everyday to make them grow healthier.

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6. Wheelbarrow – used to transfer soil plants and other materials from one place to another.

7. Hose – used for watering seedlings arranged in mass.

8. Sprayer – used for spraying chemicals to eliminate plant seeds.

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 9. Weighing Scale- for weighing plants, seeds, and fertilizers.

14. Pieces of wood or bamboo – used as fences of seed boxes and plots to protect plants from being
destroyed by animals.

16. Pruning Shears – used for cutting small branches including the unnecessary branches.

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 17. Garden gloves – used while working in the garden, made of strong rubber to protect from
thorns and withstand punctures.

Tips in performing scientific way of propagating fruit-bearing trees

1.Select a stem which is not too young or too old.

2. Be sure the propagating materials are of the same specie.

3. See to it that the stock and the scion are fitted with each other.

4. Do the propagation at the right time.

Healthy and Safety Measures in Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees

1.Before working make sure you have refresh yourself (like taking a bath) in order to work well.

2.Always wear complete personal protective protective equipment which includes hairnet, hand gloves,
apron, boots if needed, protective eyeglass, and face mask.

3. Make sure tools and equipment are working properly before using them.

4. Always follow instructions for use of equipment.

5. Focus on the work at hand. Do not allow yourself to get distracted.

6. Know your limits in working, seek help whenever necessary.

7. Work in proper position. Make sure you do not strain your back while working.

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LESSON 9 SYSTEMATIC AND SCIENTIFIC WAYS OF CARING ORCHARD TREES

One needs to carefully plan an orchard project to avoid useless and wasteful spending. It is also
important that once an orchard project is started , the proper care for seedlings and trees are
undertaken. There are tried and tested procedures for taking care of these plants from cultivating , use
of fertilizer, and watering.
This lesson will present systematic and scientific ways of caring for orchard trees and seedlings.

Ways of watering plants

Natural- This is nature’s way of providing water for plants through the rain.
Manual- This is with the use of a water pail and dipper or water sprinkler.
Artificial- Water supply is artificially produced from a deep-well, dams, and river with the help of
motors. Under this method are the following:
 Surface or furrow irrigation – Water is distributed to each row so it is applicable only for row
crops with uniform slope.
 Sprinkler irrigation- This include the line , rotating, and micro sprinklers in which artificial rain is
generated through special devices that wet the entire field.
 Drip or trickle irrigation- A special water source designed to discharge water close to the plant,
wetting only that area and leaving the rest dry.
 Sub-irrigation- This type is very high in cost because the water source is underground.
Proper irrigation is very important for each orchard may it be large or small scale. It has to be
done properly for the seedlings to grow healthy and the trees to start bearing fruits.

Proper ways of cultivating

Cultivating the land is practiced to help promote the growth of roots and improve aeration for
fast absorption of nutrients by the soil.
There are two ways:
Off-barring- cultivating the soil in rows.
Hilling -up – cultivating the soil towards the base of the plant.
When cultivation is done properly, the growth of weeds can be controlled. Soil texture will improve
plant growth and distractive microorganisms found in the soil will eventually die.

Preparing and applying organic fertilizer

Fertilizer is any substance added to the soil that promotes the healthy growth of plants.
They are classified into two types:
Inorganic- artificial fertilizer made from chemicals ( liquid, soluble, and granular form).
Organic – natural fertilizer from decayed matter, animals, and other natural sources.

Fertilizer Advantages Disadvantages

Inorganic  Odorless and handy  Made of chemicals
 Always available in the  Hazardous to animals
market  Expensive
 Fast production  Makes the soil

38
  Makes the soil
unfertile(dependent to
it)
Organic  Natural  Foul odor
 Easy to produce  It takes time to prepare
 Promote the growth of
beneficial organism
 Adds more nutrients to
the soil
 Very high in production

Examples of organic fertilizer

 Humus- comes from decayed matters from plants and animals mixed with soil.
 Manure – comes from animal waste such as livestock (big animals) and poultry (chicken) waste.
 Green manure – comes from decayed plants.
 Compost – comes from decomposed biodegradeable waste in a pit.
 Compost pit- composting by digging pit keeping compost underground.
 Basket compost – composting home garbage in container.
 Compost heap – a compost pile.
 Vermi compost – comes from the waste of vermin (earthworm).
 Liquid fertilizer – made from the juice of plants and vermin compost through the process of
concoction (allows the juice to decompose with red sugar/molasses in a container).
 Preparing organic fertilizers take a long period of time but provides a lot of help to plants.

Benefits of using organic fertilizer

 It increases the yield.
 It improves soil condition. Clay soil will turn porous when organic fertilizer is added.
 It balances the soil pH. Soil pH is the degree of acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Pulverized
eggshell, oyster shell, bone meal, and any lime will neutralize the acidity of the soil.
 It helps the development of roots, flowers, shoots, and fruits.
Ways to make an organic fertilizer (compost pit)
1. Dig the hole for your compost pit.
2. Chop your composting materials finely.
3. Add the organic materials to the compost pit.
4. Place a board over the hole if you plan to add more scraps.
5. Cover your compost with soil.
6. Keep the compost pit wet while it is decomposing.
7. Sow plants above the compost after it has decomposed.

Benefits of using organic pesticide

The use of pesticide may be necessary to protect and prevent plants and trees from getting damaged
due to infestation. Following are some of the advantages and benefits of using pesticides:
 Insect pest life cycle will be stopped.
 Infestation will be lessened.
 Prevents the spread of plant diseases

39
  The growth of plant will continue to progress.
 Higher yield is expected.
The best thing about using organic pesticide is that it is not harmful to humans and other
animals. There is no side effect to health. It can sustain the budget of growers because it is
affordable, the materials are readily available within the community and it is very easy to
prepare.

Safety measures in preparing fertilizers and organic pesticide

 Always wear the personal protective equipment such as face mask, hand gloves, apron, working
clothes, and boots.
 Always read the instruction before doing the activity.
 Follow the guide of proper posture while working to avoid straining your back.
 Check the working condition of tools before using them.
 Never leave your work unattended especially when ingredients are about to be mixed.
 Measure all ingredients properly and follow the correct procedures. Do not deviate from the
instructions provided.
 Always focus on the work at hand. Avoid destructions.
 Avoid exposures to pesticides.
 Maintain a clean working place and free from any disturbances.
 Never forget to take a bath and clean thoroughly after working.

LESSON 10 MARKETING FRUITS AND SEEDLINGS

Characteristics of marketable seedlings

 The stem is strong, thick, and healthy.
 It has five or more leaves.
 Establish healthy roots.

Once your products have undergone quality control inspection and are deemed marketable, you
may start promoting them. Below are some ways one can promote and market a product:
 Conduct survey to find the needs of the community. What fruits are in demand?
 Prepare and distribute pamphlet, flyers, and brochures-containing information about the
location and the picture of products.
 Use online marketing tools.
 Post contact numbers for clients who want to order or inquire about the product.
 Keeping a record of sales.

Marketing strategy used in selling

Marketing fresh fruits starts with educating your clientele about the value of buying
healthy food. Constantly communicating and providing helpful information on ways and access

40
 to integrate fresh produce into one’s diet is a good subtle way to build customer loyalty. It
shows that you care about your clients.
Today, when more and more people are realizing the importance of a vitamin and fiber-
rich diet to one’s health, marketing fruits in this manner can be very effective. It might also help
to provide detailed information such as the use of organic fertilizer, and the variety of produce.
The use of online marketing of orchard trees/seedlings is the fastest way to market
products nowadays. Another is the preparation , distribution, and posting of flyers in
conspicuous places.

Selling the Plants

More and more homes, offices, hospitals, and other business establishments include greens to
decorate their interiors . They buy or rent plants from nurseries. To attract buyers, collectors,
and those who are going to buy orchard owners provide the following:
 Artistically arranged plants miniature rock gardens and healthy plants
 Tall plants with thick foliage
 Rare plants
 Shady/clean and unobstructed pathways
 Helpful information tips
 Reasonable prize
 Cheerful, honest, and accommodating caretakers/sales person
Future plan for expansion
Every business should have a future plan for expansion. A successful orchard is important to the
community and environment. Its benefits stand as evidence that expansion is necessary.

Tips for future expansion:

 Community survey and symposium to find the needs of the locality.
 Build relationship to stakeholders of the community, the local government unit, schools, and
private sectors who runs related business.
 Real market status understand the demand-what are the fruit rate of sales?
 Open for investment and franchising.
 Availability of experience/skilled orchard technician.

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