Constructional and Operational Differences of the Engines

Starter
Comment on the picture.
Is it:
- external or internal combustion engine?
- vertical /horizontal/V-engine?
- reciprocating or rotary engine?
- 2 stroke or four stroke DE?

1 Match the halves of the sentences.

1 The main difference between a 4-stroke a
engine and a 2-stroke engine is that a 4-
stroke
2 A 2-stroke engine goes through 2 stages, b
or
3 In the cylinder the piston moves
4 The main parts of DE are: the cylinder, d
the piston, the connecting (piston) rod,
5 This means a 2-stroke engine can e
potentially produce twice as much
the crankshaft, valves or ports, the fuel
pump and nozzles.
engine goes through four stages, or two
complete revolutions, to complete one
power stroke.
c one complete revolution, to complete one
power stroke.
power as a 4-stroke engine and also
weigh less.
up and down and makes strokes.

1 2 3 4 5

Vocabulary

2 Study the pictures.

attached thrust trunk -piston

 crank crosshead crankpin

3 Match the words with the definitions.

1 attached a a bar or block between the piston rod and connecting rod
2 thrust [θrʌst] b an elongated hollow piston in a single-acting engine which is
open at the end and in which the end of the connecting rod is
pivoted
3 trunk -piston c a device for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion
4 crosshead d push suddenly or violently in a specified direction
5 crank e a pin by which a connecting rod is attached to a crank
6 crankpin f joined, fastened, or connected to something

4 Fill in the gaps from 3.

1. The type is usually confined to large engines.

2. Please complete the forms.
3. In the type the piston is attached to the crank by means of a
connecting rod
4. This construction has the advantage of relieving the piston and cylinder wall of side ______
.
5. The big end of the connecting rod is connected to the of the
crankshaft by way of a bearing.
6. One of the simplest of mechanical inventions was a which turns a shaft.

Reading
5 Comment on the picture.

6 Read the text and underline parts of DE.

____________________________
The piston connected to the mechanism which controls its motion is called a crank-link
mechanism. The crank-link mechanism consists of a shaft which turns or revolves in bearings
and has a crank which turns in a circle when the shaft revolves, and the connecting rod which
connects to the piston. Construction of crank-link mechanism in trunk-piston and crosshead
engines is different.
_____________________________
In the trunk-piston type the piston is attached to the crank by means of a connecting rod.
Connection of the upper end of the rod to the piston is made by means of the piston pin, while
the lower end is attached to the crankpin by means of a bearing known as the crankpin box. The
piston is provided with an extended skirt, or trunk, from which this method of construction gets
its name. This construction has the advantages that it reduces engine height and is cheaper than
crosshead construction. It is universally used for small engines and in some cases for engines of
quite large power.
_____________________________
The crosshead type is usually confined to large engines. The piston is connected to the
crosshead by a piston rod and the crosshead is in turn connected to the crankpin by a connecting
rod. In the case of a two-cycle engine the extended piston skirt is still required in order to keep
the exhaust and scavenging ports closed during the upstroke of the piston. This construction is
penalized by the extra height required to make room for the crosshead and piston rod. This
construction has the advantage of relieving the piston and cylinder wall of side thrust.
____________________________
To feed a power production process air is delivered into the cylinder through intake valves in
the 4-stroke or inlet ports in 2-stroke engines. Spray nozzles (in 2-stroke) or fuel injectors (in 4-
stroke) deliver a finely divided spray of fuel oil supplied by a fuel injection pump.

7 a) Read the text again and title the paragraphs.

b) Complete the table.

engine construction
8 Mark the statements as T (True) or F (False). Correct the false ones.

___1. In trunk-piston engine the piston is connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod
only.
___2. The crosshead type is usually confined to small engines.
___3. In crosshead engine the piston links to the crankshaft through the piston rod, crosshead
and connecting rod.
___4. Construction of crank-link mechanism in trunk-piston and crosshead engines is alike.
___5. Trunk piston means a piston with not extended but small skirt.
___6. Spray nozzles in 2-stroke deliver finely divided spray of fuel oil supplied by a fuel
injection pump.

Speaking

9 Answer the questions.

1. What is the main difference between a 4-stroke engine and a 2-stroke engine?
2. How many revolutions of crankshaft does 2/4-stroke DE have?
3. What are the main parts of DE?
4. Through what devices air and fuel are fed to the cylinder in 2/4-stroke engines?
5. What is the construction of crank-link mechanism in trunk-piston and crosshead engines?
6. How is the piston attached to the upper and lower ends of the connecting rod in the trunk-
piston engine?
7.What advantages does this engine have?
8. What advantage does the crosshead type engine have?

10 Describe constructional and operational differences of the engines.

2-stroke 4-stroke
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