9.

4 The heart is the pump for the circulatory system (page

105)
1 (a) left atrium
(b) pressure rises and blood forced past semi-lunar valve
and out into aorta
(c) atria only need to generate enough pressure to force
blood into the ventricles (and this is helped by gravity)
2 (a) closing of the valves – atrio-ventricular and
semi-lunar
(b) 1/72 minutes – both sides of the heartbeat
synchronously