20/03/1439

LECTURE NOTES

CB 352
Lecture Goal: Construction Materials

Durability -

Prof. Dr. Hassan El-ghattas

Durability

Physical Causes of Concrete Deterioration

Deterioration by surface wear

•Abrasion: dry (wear on pavements and

industrial floors by traffic)

•Erosion: wear produced by abrasive action of

fluids containing solid particles in suspension
(canal lining, spillways and pipes).

•Cavitation: loss of mass by formation of

vapor bubbles and their subsequent collapse.

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Chemical Causes of Concrete Deterioration

 Sulfate Attack

 Alkali-Aggregate Reaction

 Carbonation

 Chloride Attack

Corrosion (Electro-chemical)

Alkali-Silica Reaction : Caused by reaction of

alkalies in cement with silica aggregates

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Carbonation of concrete can occur due to the

diffusion of carbon dioxide through the pores of
The ingress of
concrete.
chlorides into
reinforced concrete is
Carbonation of concrete can cause strength loss of
an important concern
the concrete and initiate corrosion of reinforcing
for the durability of
steel.
concrete.

The rate of ingress and concentration of

chlorides at the steel reinforcement depth can
dictate the usable service lives of structures
by induced damage by the corrosion of steel.

Sources of Chlorides
‫شرط حدوث صدأ هو وجود األكسجين والماء ومحلول الكتروليت‬ Internal sources of chlorides could include the
use of sea water for mixing water, dredged
aggregate, aggregate washed with sea water,
and chloride containing admixtures.

External chlorides typically occur from the

ingress of seawater in marine environments.

Additionally, concrete may be exposed to

chlorides if used in industrial applications like
dry-cleaning facilities, and aquariums.

CB 352
How to make a durable concrete

Construction Materials

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