CH.

15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

SUMMARY: Identifying Acids and Bases

PRACTICE: In aqueous solution, classify these compounds as strong acids, weak acids, strong
bases, weak bases, or other:

HNO 3, HCl, H3PO4, HCN, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, CH3NH2, NH3, CH3COOH, NaCl

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Consider three generic acids: HX, HY, and HZ. Rank these acids according to
strength.

PRACTICE: Arrange the following oxoacids in order of decreasing acid strength. Rank from
strongest to weakest acid. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

HClO3, HClO2, HClO, HBrO

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Assuming equal concentrations, rank these solutions by pH. Highest pH(1) Lowest
pH(5)

RbOH(aq), Sr(OH)2(aq), HCl(aq), HF(aq), NH3(aq), from highest to lowest.

PRACTICE: The reason HI is a stronger acid than HCl is because

A) the difference in electronegativity gets larger as the atoms get farther apart on the periodic table.

B) electronegativity increases as you go up the periodic table.

C) the bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table.

D) anion radius decreases as you go down the periodic table.

E) HI is an Arrehnius acid and HCl is not.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Which one of the following statements about strong acids is true?

a) all strong acids react 100% with all strong bases but not 100% with all weak bases

b) Strong acids have no effect on the degree of ionization of weak acid

c) the conjugate base of a strong acids is a weak base

d) all strong acids react 100% with all weak bases and 100% with all strong bases

e) strong acids have no effect or decrease the solubility of metal hydroxides

SUMMARY: Arrhenius Acid and Base

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Classify each of these compounds as an Arrhenius acid, an Arrhenius base,

or neither.

HCl
HNO 3
HBr
HClO
KOH
Ba(OH)2
NaCl
LiOH
C 3H 5

PRACTICE: Which of the following is an Arrhenius base?

a. H2SO4

b. LiOH

c. NH2CH3

d. CH3CH3

e. More than one of these is an Arrhenius base.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: According to the Arrhenius theory, a neutralization reaction involves:

A) the dissociation of a strong acid to hydrogen ions and an anion.

B) the dissociation of a strong base into hydroxide ions and a cation.

C) the addition of water to ammonia to make ammonium hydroxide.

D) the combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to form water

SUMMARY: Bronsted Lowry Acid and Base

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Classify each of these compounds as a Bronsted-Lowry acid, a Bronsted-Lowry Base,

or neither.

H 2SO4
HBr
H 3PO4
(CH3)3N
CH3NH2
NH3
KCl
CHCl3

PRACTICE: Which of the following statements is false?

(a) An Arrhenius base increases the concentration of OH- in water.

(b) A Brønsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor.

(c) Water can act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid.

(d) Water can act as a Brønsted–Lowry base.

(e) Any compound that contains an –OH group acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Some polyatomic ions containing hydrogen can act as Brønsted-Lowry acids or bases.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when the hydrogen carbonate ion behaves
as a Brønsted-Lowry acid in water.

a. HCO3–(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3(aq) + H3O+(aq)

b. CO32–(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HCO3–(aq) + OH–(aq)

c. HCO3–(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CO32–(aq) + H3O+(aq)

d. HCO3–(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3(aq) + OH–(aq)

e. H2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ HCO3–(aq) + H3O+(aq)

SUMMARY: Conjugate Acids and Bases

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: What are the conjugate bases of the following:

HCO 3-

H 2C 2O4

PRACTICE: Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following bases. Express your
answer as a chemical formula.

a. C2H 5NH2

b. ClO4-

c. HPO42-

d. HCO3-

PRACTICE: What is the conjugate acid of NH 3?

A) NH 3

B) NH 4OH

C) NH 2 −

D) NH 4 +

E) NH 3+

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Which of the following is not amphoteric?

A) H 2O B) HCl C) H 2PO 4 − D) HCO 3 − E) HS −

SUMMARY: Lewis Acid and Base

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Which of the following can act as a Lewis base?

Cr3+, SO3, CH3NH2, BeCl2

a. Cr3+, BeCl2

b. SO3 only

c. CH3NH2, BeCl2

d. SO3, CH3NH2

e. CH3NH2 only

PRACTICE: For the following reaction, indicate which reactant is the Lewis acid and which is the
Lewis base.

SO2 + OH- ⇌ HSO3-

a. SO2 is the Lewis acid.

b. SO2 is the Lewis base.

c. OH- is the Lewis acid.

d. OH- is the Lewis base.

e. This not a Lewis acid-base reaction.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Which species in the following reaction acts as a Lewis acid?

CuSO4(s) + 4NH3(aq) ⇌ [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) + SO42−(aq)

A) Cu2+

B) SO42−

C) [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq)

D) NH3

E) [Cu(NH3)4]2+(aq) and SO42−

PRACTICE: Which of the following is the definition of a base in the Lewis system?

a. A base is a substance that can accept an H + ion.

b. A base is a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces hydroxide ions.

c. A base is a substance that contains OH - in its chemical formula

d. A base is a substance that that can accept a pair of electrons

e. A base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

SUMMARY: pH and pOH

PRACTICE: In an acidic solution, how does the concentration of hydronium ions compare to the
concentration of hydroxide ions?

a) Hydronium ion is greater than hydroxide ion.

b) There is not enough information to tell.

c) They are equal.

d) Hydronium ion is less than hydroxide ion.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: If the concentration of hydronium ion, [H3O+] = 8.62 x 10 -4, what is the pH of the
solution?

a. 10.936

b. 0.998

c. 3.064

d.1.6 x 10-11

e. 2.329

PRACTICE: For a solution with an [OH −] of 10−8 M, what would be the value of [H +] , pH and
pOH, respectively?

1. 10−14 M, 6, 8

2. 10−6 M, 6, 8

3. 10−6 M, 8, 6

4. 106 M, 6, 8

5. 10−6 M, 6, 14

6. 10−14 M, 8, 6

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Determine the pH of a solution created by dissolving 0.215 grams of Magnesium

hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, in 419.48 mL of solution.

A. 2.056

B. 12.245

C. 10.710

D. 11.944

E. 2.433

PRACTICE: What is the pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution?

A) 0.020 B) 0.040 C) 1.70 D) 12.30

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: What mass of HBr should a student mix into 250.00 mL of water to make a solution
with a pH = 3.850?

A. 0.00286 g
B. 0.0547 g
C. 1.41 x 10-4 g
D. 0.0114 g
E. 2.87g

PRACTICE: A mixture is prepared by adding 50.0 mL of 0.200 M NaOH to 75.0 mL of 0.100 M

NaOH. What is the [OH –] in the mixture?

a) 0.0600 M

b) 0.0800 M

c) 0.140 M

d) 0.233 M

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: A 0.010 M solution of HNO2 is 19% ionized. What is the Ka?

a) 4.4 x 10-4

b) 3.9 x 10-4

c) 3.6 x 10-4

d) 5.0 x 10-4

e) 5.4 x 10-4

PRACTICE: A 0.040 M solution of a monoprotic acid is 14% ionized. What is the Ka of the acid?

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Calculate the pH of 2.0 x 10-4 M aniline hydrochloride, C6H 5NH3Cl given that Kb =
3.94 x 10 -10 for aniline, C6H 5NH2

SUMMARY: Weak Bases

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Ka HNO2 = 7.1 x 10-4 and Pka HNO2 = 3.15

a) Calculate the pH of 0.74 M KNO2.

b) What is the concentration of HNO2 in the above solution?

PRACTICE: Hydroxylamine, NH2OH, is a weak base. The following is the equilibrium equation for
its reaction with water:

NH2OH(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH3OH+(aq) + OH - Kb = 9.1 x 10-9

What is the pOH of a 2.37 M NH 2OH solution?

a) 1.15

b) 3.83

c) 4.99

d) 6.72

e) 8.13

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Calculate the [OH−] concentration in a 0.5 M solution of potassium fluoride (KF). Ka for
HF is 7.2 × 10−4.

1. 6.94 × 10−12 M

2. 0.5 M

3. 6.0 × 10−6 M

4. 3.6 × 10−11 M

5. 2.64 x 10-6 M

PRACTICE: An unknown weak base has an initial concentration of 0.23 M. What is the pH of the
solution if the weak base also has a pKb of 5.18.

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Given that Kb for (CH3)3N is 6.3 × 10-5 at 25°C, what is the value of Ka for (CH3)3NH+
at 25 °C?

PRACTICE: Given the following acids and Ka values: What is the order of increasing base
strength?

a. CN-, ClO4-, F-, OAC-

b. ClO4-, OAC, CN-, F-

c. CN-, F-, OAC-, ClO4-

d. ClO4-, F-, OAC-, CN-

e. CN-, OAC-, F-, ClO4

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: The pKa of formic acid is 3.75. What is the K a of formic acid?

PRACTICE: Which of the following is the strongest base?

A) CH3NH2 , Kb = 4.4 x 10-4

B) C5H 5N, Kb = 1.7 x 10-9

C) H2NCONH2, Kb = 1.5 x 10-14

D) NH3, Kb = 1.8 x 10-5

E) C2H 5NH2, Kb = 5.6 x 10-4

PRACTICE: Identify the following salts as neutral, acidic, or basic.

LiF, NH4Br, LiNO3, SrBr2, KCN, NH4ClO 4, NH4CN

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Identify the effect of increasing acidity on the solubility of the given compounds.

Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

BaCO 3, Sr(OH)2, NiBr2, AgI, FeS

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: 0.1 mol of NH4CH3COO are dissolved in 1 Liter of water. Is the solution acidic, basic,
or neutral? Note, Kb (CH3COO-) = 5.73 x 10-10 ) and Kb, ammonia = 1.8 *10-5).

Nearly neutral

Impossible to determine

Substantially acidic

Substantially basic

PRACTICE: Which of the following will be more soluble in an acidic solution than in pure water

Be(OH)2

AgCl

CuCN

KClO4

SrSO4

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

SUMMARY: Diprotic Acid

PRACTICE: Complete the Ka2 expression for H2CO3 in an aqueous solution. Ka2 = 4.69 x 10-11

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 CH.15 - ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM*

PRACTICE: Write chemical equations and corresponding equilibrium expressions for each of the
two ionization steps of carbonic acid.

Express as chemical equation; identify all phases.

a. Write chemical equations for first ionization step of carbonic acid.

b. Write chemical equations for second ionization step of carbonic acid.

PRACTICE: Calculate the equilibrium concentration of C2O42− in a 0.20 M solution of oxalic acid.

Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

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