Name: Princess P.

Antivo Year and Section: BSN 3H

Title: “Hyperthyroidism”

Abstract:
Hyperthyroidism entails an escalation in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid
hormones from the thyroid gland, while thyrotoxicosis encompasses the clinical
syndrome marked by an excess of circulating thyroid hormones, regardless of their
origin. The primary cause of hyperthyroidism is typically Graves’ disease, followed by
toxic nodular goiter. Additionally, thyroiditis, iodine-induced and drug-induced thyroid
dysfunction, as well as the intentional ingestion of excessive thyroid hormones, are
significant contributors to thyrotoxicosis. Management strategies for Graves’ disease
include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery. Conversely,
long-term use of antithyroid drugs is generally avoided in toxic nodular goiter due to the
high probability of thyrotoxicosis relapse upon discontinuation. β blockers are employed
to alleviate symptoms in cases of symptomatic thyrotoxicosis and may suffice as the
sole treatment for thyrotoxicosis not stemming from excessive thyroid hormone
production and release. Special attention and treatment are warranted for thyroid storm,
hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, and in the post-partum period, necessitating careful
evaluation and management.

Reflection:
The article above provides a concise overview of the distinction between
hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis, their common causes, and treatment options. It
underscores the importance of differentiating between the two conditions, as well as the
need for tailored management approaches based on the underlying cause.
One notable aspect highlighted is the prevalence of Graves’ disease as the
leading cause of hyperthyroidism, followed by toxic nodular goiter, which is essential
knowledge for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and managing these conditions
effectively. Furthermore, the statement emphasizes the diverse etiologies contributing to
thyrotoxicosis, ranging from autoimmune thyroiditis to iodine-induced dysfunction,
underscoring the complexity of the disorder and the necessity for a comprehensive
diagnostic approach.
In terms of treatment, the article delineates various therapeutic modalities,
including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery, tailored to the
specific condition and patient circumstances. The cautious approach to long-term use of
antithyroid drugs in toxic nodular goiter due to the risk of relapse after discontinuation
highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans and ongoing monitoring.
Moreover, the mention of β blockers for symptomatic relief underscores the
symptomatic management aspect of thyrotoxicosis, which can significantly improve
patients' quality of life. Additionally, the article draws attention to special circumstances
such as thyroid storm and hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, highlighting the need for
careful evaluation and specialized management in these scenarios.
Overall, the statement provides a comprehensive overview of hyperthyroidism
and thyrotoxicosis, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, tailored
treatment approaches, and consideration of individual patient factors and special
circumstances. It serves as a valuable reference for healthcare professionals involved in
the care of patients with thyroid disorders.

Reference:
Hyperthyroidism - PMC. (n.d.). NCBI. Retrieved April 5, 2024, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014602/