Civil Engineering

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Civil Engineering

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Civil Engineering

CHAPTER 5 :
EARTHWORK 1
PREPARATION COMPACT

EXCAVATE EXISTING BASE

EMBANKMENT
Civil Engineering

THINGS DISCUSSED
1. DEFINITION

2. USES OF EARTHWORKS

3. EXAMPLE OF EARTHWORKS

4. TYPE OF WORKER EARTHWORKS

Civil Engineering

DEFINITION
Earthwork is a field of work in civil engineering that deals with moving large
amounts of soil and rock masses from one location to another. The soil moved can
be removed or put in a location to become a specific landscape shape.
In civil engineering, general earthwork is carried out in the construction of
roads, railways, dams, to prevent the risk of landslides and other disasters in a
place. In the military world, earthwork is also commonly done to build forts, ditch
barriers (moat) and so on.

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Civil Engineering

USES OF
EARTHWORKS

USE ONE USE TWO USE THREE

A civil engineering work or an outdoor
development offering guarantees of safety first
requires successful earthworks. Indeed,
earthworks make it possible to properly establish
the structure to be built. Since each construction
project has its own specifications, the land must
be adapted to the project requirements.
Earthworks therefore correct the In short, a well-graded site facilitates
morphological defects of the soil in order construction work and ensures the
to make it suitable for the construction. quality and durability of the structure to
Thus, soil can be stable, solid and be carried out.
resistant, without putting its users in
danger of flooding, subsidence, landslide,
collapse or other dangerous ground
deformations.
Civil Engineering

BACKGROUND
By and large, every civil development work is always deals with earthwork issues.
This earthwork carried out from digging, dismantling, moving, compacting and
sometimes processing it to obtain expected or specified soil specifications. Small-scale
earthworks are often carried out withmanual method or using human power. With The
intention of the project is to employ as many as possible workforce, resulting in
problems of time efficiency and effectiveness work activities are not a top priority.

But if The scale of the work is quite large and requires deep speed
implementation of the work, then the earthwork is carried out mechanically or in other
words using assistance engine power or other mechanical equipment (heavy
equipment).
This heavy equipment is usually used for:
1. Excavation, stripping, demolition and landfill land
2. Leveling or spreading the land.
3. Making a soil surface profile
4. Transferring or transporting land
5. Compaction
Civil Engineering

EXAMPLE OF EARTHWORKS
Civil Engineering

PREPARATION
Before a construction project can begin, the site must first
be prepared, this involves several important tasks such as site
assessment, demolition, underground utility mapping and site
clearing. This must be done correctly so that the project runs
smoothly. Among many other benefits, this will give the
contractor a better understanding of the construction project
site. Special heavy equipment will be required to ensure that the
area is prepared properly and efficiently. The types of machines
usually involved in this stage are bulldozers, soil classifiers,
backhoes, and many more.
Civil Engineering

EXCAVATE
Excavation work is the next stage in earthworks.
Involving digging and lifting soil from the area to be
built, excavation work allows the creation of space for
the building's foundation and structure. Stages in
excavation work include planning the excavation
location, marking the area, digging with heavy
equipment, and piling up the excavated soil in the
specified place.
Civil Engineering

COMPACTION
Soil compaction is a process where pressure is applied to the
soil so that the air voids in the soil are reduced so that the density of
the soil increases. This process is important in construction
projects, such as the construction of highways, to ensure the
stability and strength of the structure that will be built on it.
The main benefit of compacting the soil is increasing soil
strength and reducing compaction or settlement after compaction.
Factors that influence soil compaction include the amount of
water in the soil being compressed, the type of soil layer being
compacted, the surface area that receives pressure during the
compaction process, the thickness of the soil layer being
compressed, and the frequency of use of soil compaction
equipment, for example 10 times or 15 times. time.
Civil Engineering

EMBANKMENT
Embankment is one of the important works in earthworks.
Embankments are often built using materials obtained from
cuttings. Embankments need to be constructed using aerated and
impermeable, compacted (or completely non-porous) materials to
provide adequate support to the formation and a long-term flat
surface with stability.
It should be noted that the purpose of constructing
embankments is to provide stability to the land to prevent
landslides, especially in locations that have sloping ground surfaces
or cliffs. Therefore, in making embankments, there are rules below
to have the strength to withstand the slope of the land, so the
embankment needs to be made of terraced surfaces or like steps.
Civil Engineering

EXCISTING BASE
Civil Engineering
TYPE OF WORKER EARTHWORKS
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
They are responsible for operating heavy machinery
such as excavators, bulldozers, tractors, graders, etc. to
perform tasks such as digging, leveling land, and
moving materials.
TEKNISI SURVEY TANAH
They carry out land surveys to determine topographic
conditions and land mapping before work begins. They
can also carry out monitoring during the project.
ENVIRONMENT EXPERT
They evaluate the environmental impacts of land
projects and design strategies to mitigate negative
impacts, as well as ensure compliance with applicable
environmental regulations.
CIVIL ENGINEER
Civil engineers design and supervise the
implementation of construction projects, including
earthworks. They are responsible for ensuring
compliance with applicable technical specifications and
regulations.
CONSTRUCTION WORKER
This includes a variety of workers involved in physical
work in the field, such as digging, filling, and leveling
the ground. They may work under the supervision of
a heavy equipment operator or civil engineer.
PROJECT MANAGER
Project managers are responsible for planning,
organizing, and controlling land projects. They
oversee budgets, schedules, and human resources to
ensure projects run smoothly.
GEOTECHNICAL
They evaluate the mechanical properties of soil and
rock to ensure the stability of the planned
construction.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY EXPERT
Responsible for ensuring that occupational safety
and health standards are adhered to throughout the
project.
Civil Engineering

CONCLUSION

The results of various activities carried out in the

infrastructure construction process, such as roads,
bridges or buildings. This involves compacting the soil,
leveling the surface of the land, leveling, backfilling,
and creating a foundation. The main goal is to create
stable soil conditions that comply with the project's
technical specifications, so that the infrastructure built
has adequate strength and durability. This conclusion
provides an idea of ​how important the quality of the
earthwork carried out and its conformity with the
project plans and specifications are.
 Civil Engineering

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HOPE IT WILL PROVIDE YOU WITH A BENEFIT AND ADDITION TO YOUR KNOWLEDGE
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