Module 1: Laboratory

RATIONALE FOR
STRENGTHENING HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
2nd Semester A.Y. 2022-2023
Prepared by: Sofia Alexis M. Dayrit, RMT
 1. Essential Elements of Primary Health Care
2. Principles of Primary Health Care
3. Management of Primary Health Care
Topic 4. Philippine Health Care Delivery System
1. Vision, Mission, and Mandate of DOH
2. Levels of Health Care Facilities
3. Levels of Primary Health Care Workers
Outline
 At the end of the class, the students
shall be able to:
1. Explain the elements and principle of
Class Primary Health Care
Learning 2. Describe the status and processes of
the Philippine Health Care System.
Outcomes 3. Discuss the processes involved in
health care management.
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY SYSTEM

“It is a complex set of organizations

interacting to provide an array of health
services.”
(Dizon, 1977)
 Alma Ata Declaration (1978)

The Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 emerged as a major

milestone of the twentieth century in the field of public
health, and it identified primary health care as the key
to the attainment of the goal of Health for All.

“widespread inequities in health”

“Health for All by Year 2000”

“unrealistic, idealistic, and too broad”

 ___________________________
Refers to an organized plan of health services
(Miller-Keane, 1987)

____________________________
It is the rendering of health care services to the
people
(Williams-Tungpalan, 1981).

_____________________________________
(Williams-Tungpalan, 1981)
This refers to the network of health facilities and
personnel which carries out the task of rendering
health care to the people.
What is Primary Health Care?
PHC according to the Alma Ata Declaration

It is ______________________________ particularly those in greatest need; it is

intended to reach to the home and family level, and not be limited to health
facilities; it is intended to involve a continuing relationship with persons and
families.

HEALTH CARE FOR ALL

 Management of Primary
Health Care
Health Care Managers usually carryout the
following functions in the process of
management:
1. Planning
1.2. Organizing
 Management of Primary
Health Care
3. Staffing
4. Controlling
5. Directing
Philippine Health Care Delivery System
through the Department of Health

Primary function:
Health as a right. Health for All Filipinos by the year 2000
and Health in the Hands of the People by the year 2020.

Mission:
The mission of the DOH, in partnership with the people to
ensure equity, quality and access to health care:
- by making services available
- by arousing community awareness
- by mobilizing resources
- by promoting the means to better health
Levels of Health Care
and Referral System
 Levels of Health Care Facilities

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

HEALTH HEALTH CARE HEALTH
CARE FACILITIES CARE
FACILITIES FACILITIES
 THREE LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS

A. ______________________________________________________
▪ first contacts
▪ socio-economic
▪ curative and preventive
Community health worker, volunteers or traditional birth attendants

B. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS

▪ first source
▪ provide support
▪ attends to health problems
Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives

C.______________________________________________________
▪first contacts
▪ establish close contact
▪ backup health services
 _____________ Healthcare Service

•includes routine care with a regular provider

•urgent care for a minor health problem or accident
•maternity and child care
•disease prevention services
•nutrition counseling
•mental health care and referrals for home care
•health promotion services
•rehabilitation services
•end-of-life care
 _____________ Healthcare Service

•provided by medical specialists

•physician referral or self referral
•cardiologists, urologists, dermatologists and other such
specialists
•services include acute care, short period stay in a hospital
emergency department for brief but serious illness.
•psychiatrists, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists, speech
therapists and so on
 _____________ Healthcare Service

•Inpatients-referral from primary or secondary health

professionals.
•advanced medical investigation and treatment
•cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery and a
host of complex medical and surgical interventions
•Advanced diagnostic support services and specialized
intensive care
We are moving towards a digital era, where more and more
things are electronic so more so than ever before, the
healthcare provider needs to know everything about it.”

Kurt Long, CEO, FairWarning®

 TYPES OF
LABORATORY
 TYPES OF
LABORATORY
According to function

Clinical Pathology Anatomic Pathology

Hematology Surgical Pathology

Clinical Chemistry Immunohistopathology
Microbiology Cytology
Parasitology Autopsy
Mycology Forensic Pathology
Clinical Microscopy
Immunohematology
Immunology/Serology
Blood banking
Laboratory Endocrinology
Toxicology and Therapeutic Drugs Monitoring
 TYPES OF
LABORATORY

According to Institutional Character

Hospital-based Non-hospital-based

Laboratory that operates within a hospital Laboratory that operates on its own
 TYPES OF
LABORATORY
According to service capability

Point or reference Primary Secondary Tertiary

1. Examination 1. Routine hematology 1. Primary laboratory 1. Secondary laboratory

performed 2. Routine urinalysis examination examination
3. Routine fecalysis 2. Routine chemistry 2. Special chemistry
4. Quantitative platelet 3. Blood typing and 3. Special hematology
determination crossmatching 4. Immunology/ Serology
5. Microbiology

2. Minimum space 10 sq. m. 20 sq. m. 60 sq. m.

required
3. Minimum 1. Clinical centrifuge 1. Primary laboratory 1. Secondary laboratory
Facilities Required 2. Hemacytometer equipment/ equipment/ instruments
3. Microhematocrit instruments 2. Incubator
centrifuge 2. Refrigerator 3. Trip/Analytical balance
4. Microscope with OIO 3. Photometer 4. Rotator
5. Hemoglobinometer 4. Water bath 5. Serofuge
6. Differential blood cell 5. Timer 6. Autoclave
counter 7. Drying oven
8. Biosafety cabinet
 TYPES OF
LABORATORY
According to Services Delivered

Primary Category Secondary Category Tertiary Category

1. Routine hematology 1. Primary Category laboratory examination 1. Secondary Category laboratory

2. Routine urinalysis 2. Routine Chemistry 2. Special chemistry
3. Routine fecalysis 3. Quantitative platelet count 3. Special hematology
4. Blood typing 4. Crossmatching 4. Immunology/Serology
5. Gram staining/KOH 5. Microbiology
Any questions?
 References:
● Nuevo, et.al. Health Information
System for Medical Laboratory
Science, C&E Publishing.
● From the previous slides of Mr.
Mikhail Valdescona
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