Fundamental Physics

Diagnostic Examination

Computation

Mathematics

1. Calculate -513.8 + 82.74 × 4.728×103 ÷ 27.3819 - 6.82715×10-4.

A. 13727.8163
B. 13772.8164

82.74�4.728×103 �
2. Calculate −513.8 + .
27.3819−6.82715×10−4
A. 13773.1733
B. 13771.3732

3.1592
3. Compute tan−1 .
−4.9053
A. -32.7831°
B. 147.2169°

Vectors

4. Determine the magnitude of a vector with horizontal x-component magnitude Vx = -4.9053 along the
direction of the x-axis and vertical y-component magnitude Vy = 3.1592 along the direction of the y-axis.
A. 2.2528
B. 5.8346

5. Determine the direction of a vector with horizontal x-component magnitude Vx = -4.9053 along the
direction of the x-axis and vertical y-component magnitude Vy = 3.1592 along the direction of the y-axis.
A. 147.2169°
B. -57.2169°

Measurements

6. How many significant figures are reported in the value 00.0000029000074000?

A. 11
B. 17

7. How many significant figures are reported in the value 006.0109500×1037?

A. 10
B. 8

8. What is the SI derived unit for ([M])/[L]3)·([L]/[T]2)·[L]?

A. Pascal
B. Newton

9. What is the symbol of the SI derived unit for ([M]·([L]/[T]2)·[L])/[T] = (kg·(m/s2)·m)/s = kg⋅m2·s-3?
A. J
B. W

Mechanics

10. A car accelerates from 5 m/s to 20 m/s in 8 s. What is its average acceleration?
15 𝑚𝑚
A.
8 𝑠𝑠 2
5 𝑚𝑚
B.
2 𝑠𝑠

11. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 0.5 m/s2 for 6 s. How far does it go?
A. 18 𝑚𝑚
B. 9 𝑚𝑚

12. If a force of 50 N is applied to an object with a mass of 10 kg, what is the resulting acceleration?
A. 0.2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑚𝑚
B. 5 2
𝑠𝑠

13. If a force of 30 N is applied to move an object a distance of 5 m, how much work is done?
A. 6 𝑁𝑁
B. 150 𝐽𝐽

Momentum

14. A car with a mass of 1200 kg is moving at a velocity of 25 m/s. Calculate the linear momentum of the
car.
𝑚𝑚
A. 3000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚
B. 30000 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑠𝑠

Angular Motion

15. A wheel starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 3 rad/s2 for 4 s. Determine the angular
displacement of the wheel during this time.
A. 24 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
B. 6 𝑚𝑚

16. A force of 20 N is applied perpendicular to the end of a 1.5 m long wrench. Calculate the torque
exerted by the force.
A. 30 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁
B. 15√2 𝑁𝑁
Periodic Motion

17. A simple pendulum has a length of 2 m. Calculate its period.

A. 2.8375 𝑠𝑠
B. 2.3874 𝑚𝑚

Fluid Mechanics

18. Find the pressure at the bottom of a column of water with a height of 10 m.
𝑁𝑁
A. 90866
𝑚𝑚
B. 98067 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Gases

19. If 2 mol of oxygen gas O₂ are present, calculate the number of molecules in the sample.
A. 1.2404 × 1023 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
B. 1.2044 × 1024 𝑂𝑂2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Thermodynamics

20. A sample of water with a mass of 0.2 kg absorbs 800 J of heat. Calculate the temperature change of
the water.
A. 0.9553°𝐶𝐶
B. 955.3830°𝐶𝐶

Electricity

21. Two point charges, −5 μC and 8 μC, are placed 0.1 m apart. Calculate the electric force between
them.
A. −35.9504 𝑁𝑁
B. 35.5905 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

Magnetism

22. A particle with a charge of 4 μC moves with a velocity of 6 m/s perpendicular to a magnetic field of
0.5 T. Calculate the magnetic force acting on the particle.
A. 0.012 𝑇𝑇
B. 1.2 × 10−5 𝑁𝑁

Waves

23. The velocity of a wave in water is 1500 m/s, and its wavelength is 3 meters. Calculate the period of
the wave.
A. 0.002 𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚
B. 500
𝑠𝑠

Optics

24. A light ray strikes a mirror with an incident angle of 30°. Calculate the angle of reflection.
A. 180°
B. 30°

Relativity Theory

25. A particle with a rest mass of 1 kg has a velocity of 0.6c. Calculate the relativistic energy of the
particle.
A. 1.1234 × 1017 𝐽𝐽
B. 0.45 𝑊𝑊

Quantum Mechanics

26. Calculate the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5×1014 Hz.

A. 3.3131 × 10−19 𝐽𝐽
B. 3.1332 × 10−20 𝐽𝐽

Nuclear Physics

27. If a radioactive substance has a half-life of 3 hr, what fraction of the substance remains after 9 hr?
A. 0.7937
1
B.
8

Concepts

Measurements

28. Name the unit of power in the British Imperial System.

A. watt
B. horsepower

29. Name the base unit of electric current in the SI.

A. ampere
B. ohm

30. What is the name of SI base unit of thermodynamic temperature?

A. celsius
B. kelvin
31. What is the symbol of the SI derived unit for pressure?
A. Pa
B. Psi

32. What is the symbol of the SI derived unit for electric field strength?
A. C
B. V/m

33. What is the name of the SI prefix for the factor 109.
A. mega
B. giga

34. What is the symbol of the SI prefix for the factor 10-6.
A. μ
B. m

35. What is the symbol for the physical constant gravitational constant?
A. g
B. G

36. What is the value of mechanical equivalent of heat?

A. 4.186 J/cal
B. 4.816 J/cal

37. What is the value of absolute zero?

A. 0°C
B. 0 K

38. What is the symbol and value for the constant, acceleration due to gravity?
𝑚𝑚
A. 𝑔𝑔 = 9.80665 2
𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑔𝑔 = 9.86065
𝑠𝑠 2

39. What is the symbol and value for the constant, Avogadro’s number?
𝑋𝑋
A. 𝑁𝑁𝐴𝐴 = 6.02214129 × 1023
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑋𝑋
B. 𝐴𝐴𝑁𝑁 = 6.02124219 × 1023
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

40. What is the symbol and value for the constant, speed of light?
𝑚𝑚
A. 𝑠𝑠 = 2.99972458 × 106
𝑠𝑠
𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑐𝑐 = 2.99792458 × 108
𝑠𝑠

41. Give a conversion factor for inches and centimeters?

A. 1 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 2.540 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
B. 1 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 2.450 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

42. Give a conversion factor for liters and cubic centimeters?

A. 1 𝐿𝐿 = 1000 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3
B. 1 𝐿𝐿 = 100 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3

43. Give a conversion factor for calories and Joules?

A. 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 4.186 𝐽𝐽
B. 1 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 4.168 𝐽𝐽

44. Give a conversion factor for horsepower and Watts?

A. 1 ℎ = 764 𝑊𝑊
B. 1 ℎ𝑝𝑝 = 746 𝑊𝑊

Vectors

45. What term designates a vector quantity that specifically represents the interaction that causes a
change in the motion of an object?
A. force
B. acceleration

46. What vector quantity, represents the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis?
A. torque
B. force

47. What term is used to describe a region of space where each point is associated with a vector?
A. wave
B. field

Mechanics

48. What term describes the motion of an object with constant acceleration?
A. uniformly accelerated motion
B. uniform circular motion

49. What term describes the motion of an object launched vertically, influenced by gravity only and
neglecting air resistance.
A. free fall
B. not falling

50. What is the product of force and the displacement of an object in the direction of the force that
causes the displacement?
A. power
B. work
51. What is the energy an object possesses due to its motion?
A. kinetic energy
B. potential energy

52. What is the force towards the center of a circle that acts on an object to keep it moving along a
circular path?
A. centripetal force
B. tangential force

Momentum

53. What is the product of an object's mass and velocity, giving the amount of motion it possesses?
A. linear momentum
B. linear acceleration

54. Which principle states that the total linear momentum of an isolated system remains constant?
A. law of conservation of mechanical energy
B. law of conservation of linear momentum

55. What type of collision occurs when linear momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is not?
A. inelastic collisions
B. elastic collisions

Angular Motion

56. What is the measure of the tendency of a force to cause rotation?

A. centripetal force
B. torque

57. What is the measure of the tendency of an object to resist rotation?

A. moment of inertia
B. mass

Periodic Motion

58. What property is defined as the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position?
A. phase
B. amplitude

59. what term describes the position of an object at a specific point in time within a cycle?
A. phase
B. amplitude
60. For a simple pendulum, what is the term for the time it takes to complete one full swing?
A. frequency
B. period

Gravity

61. Which law states that the force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the masses?
A. Newton's law of universal gravitation
B. Newton’s laws of motion

Fluid Mechanics

62. What term refers to the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed or
submerged object?
A. buoyant force
B. hydrostatic pressure

63. State the principle asserting that the pressure exerted on a confined fluid is transmitted
undiminished in all directions.
A. Pascal's principle
B. Archimedes’ principle

Gases

64. What law describes the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas, stating that, at
constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature?
A. Boyle’s law
B. Charles's law

65. What term describes a theoretical concept for a gas that perfectly follows gas laws under all
conditions, exhibiting no intermolecular forces and undergoing elastic collisions?
A. ideal gas
B. noble gases

66. What theoretical model explains the behavior of gases by considering gas particles as point masses
in constant, random motion, with collisions being perfectly elastic?
A. kinetic theory
B. quantum theory

Thermodynamics

67. Identify the concept that states energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one
form to another.
A. first law of thermodynamics
B. second law of thermodynamics

68. What principle states that the entropy of an isolated system will never decrease over time,
emphasizing the irreversibility of certain processes?
A. first law of thermodynamics
B. second law of thermodynamics

69. What term represents the measure of the disorder or randomness of a system?
A. internal energy
B. entropy

Electricity

70. What property of a material impedes the flow of electric current?

A. voltage
B. resistance

71. What is the flow of electric charge in a circuit?

A. resistance
B. current

72. What property represents the ability of a system to store electrical energy in an electric field?
A. inductance
B. capacitance

73. What term describes the voltage or potential difference generated by sources, acting as the driving
force for electric current?
A. electrostatic force
B. electromotive force

Magnetism

74. What are the two distinct regions on a magnet where the magnetic field is strongest?
A. poles
B. charges

75. What type of magnet retains its magnetic properties without the need for an external magnetic field
or electric current?
A. permanent magnet
B. electromagnet

76. What process generates an electromotive force (EMF) in a closed circuit by changing the magnetic
field around it?
A. electromagnetic induction
B. electromagnetic radiation

77. What type of wave consists of mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields propagating
through space?
A. electromagnetic spectrum
B. electromagnetic wave

Optics

78. Identify the concept that explains the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.
A. reflection
B. refraction

79. What is the term for the bending of light waves around obstacles or edges?
A. diffraction
B. interference

Waves

80. What is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase with each other,
such as two peaks or two troughs?
A. wavelength
B. wave speed

81. What phenomenon describes the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an
observer moving relative to the source of the wave?
A. Doppler effect
B. Relativistic effect

82. What occurs when two or more waves overlap in a given region of space, resulting in the
combination of their amplitudes?
A. diffraction
B. interference

Relativity Theory

83. Which part of the theory of relativity deals with the relationship between space and time in the
absence of gravitational forces?
A. special relativity
B. general relativity

84. What effect predicts that time appears to pass more slowly for an observer in motion relative to a
stationary observer?
A. length contraction
B. time dilation

Quantum Mechanics

85. What term for a fundamental concept refers to the smallest discrete unit of any physical property?
A. particles
B. quantum

86. What is the elementary particle of light and electromagnetic radiation, carrying quantized energy
and momentum?
A. photon
B. electron

87. What fundamental concept states that the more precisely the position of a particle is known, the
less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa?
A. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
B. Schrödinger equation

Nuclear Physics

88. What term represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and uniquely identifies the
element?
A. atomic mass
B. atomic number

89. What are the elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons, and come in six
flavors: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom?
A. leptons
B. quarks

90. What is the term for the time it takes for half of a substance to undergo decay or transformation?
A. radioactivity
B. half-life

Formulas

Mathematics

91. What expression represents the quadratic formula?

A. (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦)2 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 2
−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
B. 𝑥𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑎

92. What is the formulas for the Pythagorean theorem?

A. 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2
B. 𝑎𝑎2 = 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2

93. What is the formula for the magnitude of a vector?

A. 𝑉𝑉 = �𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦2
B. 𝑉𝑉 = �𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 + 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦

94. What is the formula for the direction of a vector?

𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥
A. 𝜃𝜃 = tan−1
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦
𝑉𝑉
−1 𝑦𝑦
B. 𝜃𝜃 = tan
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥

Measurements

95. Give a conversion factor from pounds to Newtons?

4.448 𝑁𝑁
A.
1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
B.
4.448 𝑁𝑁

96. Give a conversion factor from pounds per square inch to Pascals?
6895 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
A. 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
1
𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
1 2
B. 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛
6895 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Mechanics

97. Which formula defines acceleration?

𝑣𝑣
A. 𝑎𝑎 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑠𝑠
B. 𝑎𝑎 =
𝑡𝑡

98. Which formula gives the position of an object under uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.
1
A. 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
2
1
B. 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥0 + 𝑣𝑣0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2
2

99. Which formula gives the displacement of an object under uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.
1
A. 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑣𝑣0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2
2
1
B. 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑣𝑣0 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
2

100. Which formula expresses Newton’s second law of motion?

A. 𝐹𝐹 = 0
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
101. What formula defines weight?
A. 𝑤𝑤 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
B. 𝑓𝑓 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇

102. What formula defines work?

A. 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 cos 𝜃𝜃
𝑊𝑊
B. 𝑃𝑃 =
𝑡𝑡

103. What formula defines kinetic energy?

A. 𝑈𝑈 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ
1
B. 𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2

104. What is the formula for the work-energy theorem?

A. 𝑊𝑊 = ∆𝐾𝐾
B. 𝐽𝐽 = ∆𝑝𝑝

105. What formula defines total mechanical energy?

A. 𝐸𝐸 = 𝐾𝐾 + 𝑈𝑈
B. ∆𝐸𝐸 = 0

106. Which formula gives the centripetal force acting upon an object under uniform circular motion?
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
A. 𝐹𝐹 =
𝑟𝑟
𝑣𝑣 2
B. 𝑎𝑎 =
𝑟𝑟

107. What formula defines power.

A. 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹∥ 𝑠𝑠
𝑊𝑊
B. 𝑃𝑃 =
𝑡𝑡

Momentum

108. Which formula defines momentum?

1
A. 𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
2
B. 𝑝𝑝 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

109. What formula expresses Newton’s second law of motion in terms of momentum?
𝑝𝑝
A. 𝐹𝐹 =
𝑡𝑡
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Angular Motion

110. Which formula gives the angular velocity of an object under uniformly accelerated angular motion?
A. 𝜔𝜔 = 𝜔𝜔0 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼
B. 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣0 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

111. Which formula expresses the relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity?
A. 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
B. 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

112. Which formula defines torque?

A. 𝜏𝜏 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃
B. 𝐼𝐼 = ∑ 𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 2

113. Which formula defines angular momentum?

A. 𝐿𝐿 = 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 sin 𝜃𝜃
1
B. 𝐾𝐾 = 𝐼𝐼𝜔𝜔2
2

Gravity

114. Which formula expresses Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚
A. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐺𝐺 1 2 2
𝑟𝑟
𝑞𝑞1 𝑞𝑞2
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘
𝑟𝑟 2

Periodic Motion

115. Which formula expresses Hooke’s law?

A. 𝐹𝐹 = −𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

116. Which formula is used to find the period of a mass-spring?

𝑚𝑚
A. 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑘𝑘
𝑙𝑙
B. 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�
𝑔𝑔

117. Which formulas is used to find the restoring force on a pendulum?

A. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 cos 𝜃𝜃
B. 𝐹𝐹 = −𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 sin 𝜃𝜃

Fluid Mechanics

118. Which formula defines pressure?

𝑊𝑊
A. 𝑃𝑃 =
𝑡𝑡
𝐹𝐹
B. 𝑃𝑃 =
𝐴𝐴
119. Which formula defines density?
𝑚𝑚
A. 𝜌𝜌 =
𝑉𝑉
𝑤𝑤
B. 𝜌𝜌 =
𝐴𝐴

120. Which formula defines hydrostatic pressure?

A. 𝑃𝑃 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌ℎ
B. 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

121. Which formula expresses Pascal’s principle?

A. 𝑃𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑃2
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌

122. Which formula expresses Archimedes’ principle?

A. 𝑃𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑃2
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌

Gases

123. Which formula expresses the ideal gas law?

A. 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
B. 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

124. Which formula expresses Charle’s Law?

𝑉𝑉1 𝑉𝑉2
A. =
𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇2
B. 𝑃𝑃1 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑃𝑃2 𝑉𝑉2

Thermodynamics

125. Which formula is used to convert measurements of temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin?
A. 𝑇𝑇𝐾𝐾 = 𝑇𝑇°𝐶𝐶 + 271.35
B. 𝑇𝑇𝐾𝐾 = 𝑇𝑇°𝐶𝐶 + 273.15

126. Which formula expresses the first law of thermodynamics?

A. ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑄𝑄 − 𝑊𝑊
B. ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑇𝑇 + 𝑊𝑊

Electricity

127. Which formula expresses Coulomb’s law?

1 𝑞𝑞1 𝑞𝑞2
A. 𝐹𝐹 =
4𝜋𝜋𝜖𝜖0 𝑟𝑟 2
𝑞𝑞1 𝑞𝑞2
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘
𝑟𝑟
128. Which formula defines current?
𝑊𝑊
A. 𝑉𝑉 =
𝑞𝑞
𝑄𝑄
B. 𝐼𝐼 =
𝑡𝑡

129. Which formula expresses Ohm’s law?

A. 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼
B. 𝑉𝑉 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼

Magnetism

130. Which formula is used to find the magnetic force on a charge moving through a magnetic field?
𝑞𝑞 𝑞𝑞
A. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑘𝑘 1 2 2
𝑟𝑟
B. 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 sin 𝜃𝜃

Wave Theory

131. Which formula expresses the relationships between wave speed, wavelength and frequency of a
wave?
A. 𝑣𝑣 = 𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
1 2𝜋𝜋
B. 𝑇𝑇 = =
𝑓𝑓 𝜔𝜔

Optics

132. Which formula expresses Snell’s law?

𝑐𝑐
A. 𝑛𝑛 =
𝑣𝑣
B. 𝑛𝑛1 sin 𝜃𝜃1 = 𝑛𝑛2 sin 𝜃𝜃2

133. Which formula shows the lens equation?

1 1 1
A. = +
𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑0 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖
𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖
B. 𝑚𝑚 = −
𝑑𝑑𝑜𝑜

Relativity

134. Which formula expresses time dilation?

𝑡𝑡
A. 𝑡𝑡 ′ = 2
�1−𝑣𝑣2
𝑐𝑐

𝑣𝑣 2
B. 𝑙𝑙 ′ = 𝑙𝑙 �1 −
𝑐𝑐 2

Quantum Mechanics
135. Which formula expresses Planck’s equation?
A. 𝐸𝐸 = ℎ𝑓𝑓
B. 𝐸𝐸 = 𝑚𝑚𝑐𝑐 2

136. Which formula expresses the de Broglie wavelength formula?

𝑝𝑝
A. 𝜆𝜆 =
ℎ
ℎ
B. 𝜆𝜆 =
𝑝𝑝

Nuclear Physics

137. Which formula expresses the decay equation?

A. 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑁𝑁0 𝑒𝑒 −𝜆𝜆𝜆𝜆
ln 2
B. 𝑡𝑡1 =
2 𝜆𝜆

138. Which formula expresses the half-life equation?

𝑡𝑡
1 𝑡𝑡1
A. 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑁𝑁0 � � 2
2
ln 2
B. 𝑡𝑡1 =
2 𝜆𝜆