Copy of G1 - Combined1-5 (FINAL) 2

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The Level of Awareness on Sex Education

of High School Students in
St. John’s Institute
A Research Paper Presented to
The Junior High School Faculty
St. John’s Institute
Bacolod City, Negros Occidental
By:
Badilla, Marion
Blanza, Arabella
Donguines, Gary
Lopez, Shakinah
Que, Therese
Velez, Mikhos
2023
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researchers would like to extend their
gratitude towards the research supervisors, Ms. Juslyn, Sir Benjie, and Sir
Patrick. This research paper would not have been accomplished without
their help. Through their constant guidance in the process of making the
research paper, we were able to produce a quality research paper.
Second, we would like to thank the highschool students of St. John’s
Institute who participated in this research paper. We are grateful for your
utmost honesty and cooperation in answering our survey form. The results
of this research paper solely depended on your participation in our study,
and for that we thank you.
Lastly, we are forever grateful to the Lord, our God. We are thankful
for your guidance throughout the making of the research and throughout
our daily lives. You are the one who gives us the power to rise and be who
we are every single day. You are the one who continues to shower every one
of us with blessings.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE--------------------------------------------- 11
METHODOLOGY--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA------------- 27
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS--- 40
APPENDICES-------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. REQUEST FOR CONDUCT OF THE STUDY------------------------------50
B. NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT FORM---------------------------------51
C. SAMPLING METHOD---------------------------------------------------------52
D. RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE----------------------------------------------53
E. STATISTICAL RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------55
REFERENCES-------------------------------------------------------------------------68
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
As adolescents grow up, they encounter situations in life such as
making important choices when it comes to relationships, sexuality, and
sexual behavior. It is also a phase where young adults experience drastic
changes in their body. Such changes can result in a positive or negative
impact on these teens. With these new changes the choices that they make
can affect their physical and mental health (Bridges, 2014). After recognizing
the vital role of education on the rising incidences of early pregnancy and
sexual violence among youth, a Department of Education (DepEd) Order was
passed to include sexuality education in order to mandate the provision of
an age-appropriate reproductive health education for adolescents. The main
objective is to elicit the baseline information from students on Sex
Education and to give a background on their current sexual knowledge,
behaviors, and opinions. Among the objectives of having sex education in
the mainstream educational system is to curb potential societal issues
arising from failing to practice safe sexuality, such as baby dumping, sex
outside of marriage, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexual
abuse (Santos, 2021).
The topic of sex education is a sensitive topic especially in the
Philippines, a country known to be predominantly catholic. The country’s
religion plays a big influence on the presence and exposure of students in
their adolescence to proper sexual education. Catholic schools downplay the

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significance of sexual education because they assume it promotes immoral
behavior (Nichols, 2020). Having access to sexual education can benefit in
preventing unplanned pregnancies, STDs, and help in making better
choices. It allows students to be able to be properly educated on their
sexuality no matter how secular the community may be since sexuality is
still part of a student’s identity.
Based on past research, one can hypothesize that a student's
knowledge of sexual education can predict their awareness of access to
contraceptives (Sanni, et al., 2022). It is recommended that the government
and other relevant stakeholders need to institute continuous awareness
campaign programs to increase contraception uptake and reduce the
prevalence and effect of unwanted pregnancy as a result of unprotected
sexual activities. Adolescence is a phase earmarked where a human body
experiences drastic changes among all these faculties. Any such bodily
change carrying baggage of shame, insecurity, stigma, and concealment
demands on-time awareness and intervention. Sex education should be an
integral part of the learning process beginning in childhood and continuing
into adult life, because it is a lifelong process (Iqbal, 2021).

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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the Level of Awareness on Sex
Education of Highschool Students of St. John’s Institute during the School
Year 2022-2023.
Specifically, the study answered the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the High School students in terms of:
a. sex
b. grade level
2. What is the Level of Awareness of High School students on Sex
Education in terms of:
a. Reproductive Organs
b. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
c. Reproductive Health
3. What is the Level of Awareness of High School students on Sex
Education when grouped according to the aforementioned variables:
4. What is the level of impact when grouped according to grade level?
5. What recommendations can be done to improve the awareness of Sex
Education in St. John’s Institute?
Significance of the Study

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The results of this study will be useful to the following:
Students. The students will benefit from the study due to them being
the recipients of Sex Education. The study will investigate whether the
students needed a more comprehensive sex education. Depending on the
results, it has positively affected the given Sex Education by raising concern
for changes and improvements.
St. John’s Institute. The study will benefit St. John’s Institute by
providing the school the necessary information needed to improve the given
Sex Education.
Teachers. The study will benefit the teachers by giving them an idea
on what to emphasize and include in their lesson plans regarding Sex
Education.
Parents. The study will benefit the parents by giving them a sense of
relief that their children are educated on their sexual health. This gives
them assurance that their children are making the right choices for
themselves and their future.
Researchers. The study will benefit the researchers by allowing them
to apply and practice the different research methods which are commonly
required in the current curriculum. The study may also expand the
researchers’ knowledge on Sex Education.
Future Studies. The collected data may benefit future studies. This
study may serve as a related reference for future researchers who will be
conducting a study on the same topic.
Department of Education. The data collected from the study will give
the Department of Education a basis on what’s lacking in the Philippine’s

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Sex Education and use that information to implement and include what’s
needed in the standard curriculum.
Commission on Higher Education. The concluded awareness of
student awareness on Sex Education benefited the Commision on Higher
Education to see to it that the Sex Education received by Students’ is
adequate.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study, the following terms were
defined conceptually and operationally:
Awareness. Is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be
conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of
consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without
necessarily implying understanding (Emerging Trends in Education, 2012).
Sexuality. A central aspect of being human throughout life
encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism,
pleasure, intimacy and reproduction (WHO, 2006a).
Sexual Behavior. Includes a wide variety of activities individuals
engage in to express their sexuality (Crooks & Baur, 2008).
Contraceptives. Is defined as the intentional prevention of conception
through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or
surgical procedures. (PubMed Central, 2012).
Adolescence. Is the phase of life between childhood and adulthood,
from ages 10 to 19. It is a unique stage of human development and an
important time for laying the foundations of good health. (WHO, n.d).
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Societal Issues. Is any condition or behavior that has negative
consequences for large numbers of people and that is generally recognized
as a condition or behavior that needs to be addressed. (open.lib.umn.edu).
Physical Health. Is the well-being of the body and the proper
functioning of the organism of individuals, which is a normal for individuals
of both physical and mental condition who are not suffering from any type of
sickness. (Nishat, 2022).
Mental Health. Is also a state of mental well-being that enables
people to cope with the stresses of life, learn well and work well, and
contribute to their community. It includes our emotional, psychological, and
social well-being which affects how we think, feel, and act.
(MentalHealth.gov, 2022).
Sex Education. It is the teaching of the developing body, one’s
sexuality and sex as a whole for the health of the students’.
Reproductive Organs. Are certain organs and structures from both
male and female used to reproduce and bear live offspring.
Operationally, reproductive organs are the internal and external
organs that concern hormonal and sexual functions that participate in the
creation of offspring.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Is caused by infection with certain
bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can be passed from one
person to another through blood, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids, during
oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner.
Operationally, Sexually Transmitted Diseases are a group of diseases
that can be contracted through intercourse, and bodily fluids.

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Reproductive Health. Reproductive health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being in relation to the reproductive system
(World Health Organization, n.d).
Operationally, reproductive health is a group of fields that prioritize
the physical health of reproductive organs, sexual wellbeing .

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides the information taken from internet sources,
books and magazines to be used as a baseline or reference of the
researchers in the discussion of the result of this study. The information
provided herein is related to the variables to be measured hence, it will also
provide support for the results being gathered.
Republic Acts
When it comes to sexual education, the Philippines has varying views.
According to the Catholic community, informing students about the benefits
of sexual education can encourage immoral behavior. The absence of sexual
education in the country has resulted in STDs and unwanted pregnancies
among many teenagers (Nichols, 2020).
Section 6 of The Philippines Republic Act No. 10354, The Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (R.A. 10354) states that
Health Care Facilities are available for people who are lacking in support.
Each LGU will provide or upgrade their hospitals and facilities with qualified
personnels, equipment, and supplies. Individuals who live in rural,
overpopulated, or marginalized areas should have equal access to other
medical services, and they should not be left out (R.A. 10354).
It also states that this act was created to recognize the human rights
of all people, including their right to equality and the elimination of all forms
of discrimination with regard to those rights, their right to a sustainable
level of development, their right to health, including reproductive health,
their right to information and education, and their freedom to make their
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own decisions in accordance with their personal values, morals, cultural
beliefs, and the responsibilities of parenthood.
Foreign Articles
The best way to help adolescents make responsible decisions about
their sexual activity and health is to give them comprehensive sex
education. Nearly 750,000 teenagers in the United States will become
pregnant this year; and half of the 20 million new cases of sexually
transmitted diseases will be diagnosed in young people ages 15 to 24. There
are three main sex education curricula employed in the United States:
Abstinence-Only, Abstinence-Plus, and Comprehensive curricula.
“Abstinence-Only” and Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Programs are
sometimes called Sexual Risk Avoidance Programs, and teach abstinence as
the only morally sound trajectory for teenagers (Scholars Strategy Network,
2019).
Particularly, critical sexuality education studies highlight how school-
based sex education is not a neutral vehicle of knowledge transmission. It
critiques sex education logic, highlighting the individualistic, neoliberal
approach to sexuality that it relies on , which comes at the cost of attention
to power differences, sexual agency and sexual pleasure.
In addition, according to The American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists (ACOG, 2020), comprehensive sexuality education should be
medically accurate, evidence-based, and age-appropriate, and should
include the benefits of delaying sexual intercourse, while also providing
information about normal reproductive development, contraception
(including long-acting reversible contraception methods) to prevent

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unintended pregnancies, as well as barrier protection to prevent sexually
transmitted infections (STIs). Comprehensive sexuality education should
begin in early childhood and continue through a person’s lifespan. Programs
should not only focus on reproductive development (including abnormalities
in development, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and müllerian
anomalies), prevention of STIs, and unintended pregnancy, but also teach
about forms of sexual expression, healthy sexual and nonsexual
relationships, gender identity and sexual orientation and questioning,
communication, recognizing and preventing sexual violence, consent, and
decision making.
Moreover, adolescence is a period of transition, growth, exploration
and opportunities that the World Health Organization defines as referring to
individuals between 10 years and 19 years of age. During this life phase,
adolescents undergo physical, psychological and sexual maturation and
tend to develop an increased interest in sex and relationships, with positive
relationships becoming strongly linked to sexual and reproductive health as
well as overall wellbeing. Sexual health is understood as a state of wellness
comprising physical, emotional, mental, and social dimensions: it represents
one of the necessary requirements to achieve the general objective of
sustainable and equitable societies in terms of the 2030 Agenda, which
advocates the need for a sexual education that is anchored in a gender- and
human rights-oriented perspective.
Above all, sex education aims to equip children and young people with
knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that will empower them to realize
their health, well-being and dignity; develop respectful social and sexual
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relationships; consider how their choices affect their own well-being and
that of others; and understand and ensure the protection of their rights
throughout their lives. Too many young people receive confusing and
conflicting information about relationships and sex, as they make the
transition from childhood to adulthood. The original international technical
Guidance published in 2009 positioned sexuality education primarily as
part of the HIV response. However, while HIV prevention remains important,
evidence and practice demonstrate that sexuality education has a much
broader relevance to other issues, not only for young people’s sexual and
reproductive health but also for their overall wellbeing and personal
development (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization, 2022).
Local Articles
According to an article by Zoe Nichols (2020), around 80% of the
Philippine population identifies as Roman Catholic. Accordingly, the
Catholic Church largely influences the state of sex education in the country.
With this in mind, the Catholic church opposes sex outside of marriage and
fears sex education will increase sexual relations. The Catholic Church
consequently remains critical of the RH Act, increasing difficulties in putting
the RH Act into concrete action. The general purpose of sex education is to
inform youth on topics including sex, sexuality and bodily development.
Quality sex education can lead to better prevention in STDs and unwanted
pregnancy. To help address issues, like overpopulation, high rates of teen
pregnancy and the rise of HIV, the Philippines is gradually implementing sex
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education and accessibility to contraceptives. The Philippines passed the
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 (RH Act) after
a 14-year wait. Through the act, the government integrated sex education
into the public school curriculum for students ages 10 to 19. The
Philippines also gave funding for free or subsidized contraceptives at health
centers and public schools.
The government passed the RH Act in response to the many health
issues impacting the country, such as infant mortality, pregnancy-related
deaths and a rise in HIV/AIDS cases. Moreover, teen pregnancies in the
Philippines are common, where 9% of women between the ages of 15 and 19
start child bearing. It provides more equal access to sex education, while
also ensuring that the government reaffirms its commitment to protecting
women’s reproductive rights, providing accessible family planning
information, and hiring skilled maternal health professionals to work in both
urban and rural areas of the Philippines. In 2019, Save the Children
Philippines — an organization with the purpose of supporting Filipino
children — advocated for the Teenage Pregnancy Prevention bill. The
organization also fought for requiring schools to fully integrate
Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) into their curriculum. Save the
Children Philippines hopes to combat the country’s high rate of teen
pregnancy. CSE in the Philippines includes topics such as consent, sexual
violence, contraceptives and others. The bill would also advance access to
reproductive health services, further supplementing the goals of the RH Act.
HIV/AIDS & ART Registry (HARP) by the Department of Health
(DOH)’s Epidemiology Bureau reported that Filipino youth aged 15 to 24

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years old account for 29% of all reported cases in the Philippines since 1984
(NHSS Unit DOH-EB, 2021). In addition, the cases in this age group have
doubled in the past ten years (i.e., from 17% in 2000- 2009 to 30% in 2010-
2019). While this rate may be attributed to increase in testing within this
particular age cohort as provided for by the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy
Act of 2018, which allows Filipino minors to acquire HIV testing through
proxy consent (e.g., doctor or social worker), the youth’s engagement in
sexual activities is also a salient factor to be considered. According to the
Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) and the
University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI), early sexual activity
for both males and females before the age of 18 was reported to have
increased from 13% to 23% between 1994 and 2013 (2014). In addition, the
report also notes that a majority (78%) of those who engaged in premarital
sex were unprotected, which can contribute to the increase of STIs and
teenage pregnancies among youth. Based on the March 2021 HARP, sexual
contact was the prevalent mode of HIV transmission among the newly
diagnosed children and adolescents (100%) and the youth (99%) (NHSS Unit
DOH-EB, 2021).
Foreign Studies
One might surmise from previous research that a student's
understanding of sexual education affects their awareness of access to
contraceptives. Studies from the past highlight the many ways that
comprehensive sexual education can improve young people's lives (Moore &
Smith, 2012). Conversations regarding sex, sexual health, and birth control
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can be awkward to start for young adults depending on the situation. As a
result, they could turn to more modern technologies (like the internet) or
their friends for sex-related knowledge. Despite the fact that there is an
abundance of information available online, not all of it is precise or
accurate. Others argue that exposing kids to sexual education at a young
age may cause them to engage in sexual activity sooner in life. Even if the
internet may educate young individuals about sexual and reproductive
health, all schools should be required to provide a sexual education program
that teaches students about STIs, consent and healthy communication, and
the basics of sexual health. Young adults may suffer negative effects from
abstinence-only curricula because they introduce false information about
reproductive health, the efficacy of contraception, and abortion (Gresle'-
Favier, 2013). A study made by Li, Cheng, Wu, Liang, Gaoshan, Li, Hong,
and Tang on Chinese undergraduate students showed that despite sexuality
education being taught for at least 7 hours per semester, Less than 20% of
the students recognized the names of the male genital parts (2017). Li, et.al.
stated that this might be a result of the teachers' lack of sexual education.
Peer sexual health educators provided a sexual education intervention
regarding HIV/AIDS to teenagers in Nigeria in a study by Adeomi, Adeoye,
Asekun-Olarinmoye, Abodunrin, Olugbenga-Bello, and Sabageh (2014). As
peer educators may be more relatable to young adults than teachers are,
their findings lead some people to believe that peer educators are essential
in raising awareness and information about sexually transmitted diseases
(Adeomi et.al, 2014).

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Adolescent sexual conduct is still a global issue, with numerous cases
of adolescents acting inappropriately. Lack of information, resources, and
activism are to blame for the ignorance about sexuality. For adolescents,
there hasn't been a reproductive health curriculum in schools. Sex
education is the formal and informal dissemination of information about
people in the context of sexuality at the targeted educational level. The
explanations provided here cover the stages of conception, pregnancy, labor,
behavior, sexual activity, and other topics. In terms of reference sources, the
majority of youngsters acquire incorrect information. Such knowledge can
be acquired through friends in a school setting (45%), teachers (16.3%),
healthcare professionals (12.8%), parents (8.7%), and religious authorities
(6.8%). According to Anna Freud, a youth transition might be indicated by
the psychosexual development process, the progression of change in the
crowd, and life objectives and ideals. Awareness of misconceptions and
ignorance will pique interest and often prove self-proving (Cherry, 2022).
In India, sex education is rarely given much weight and has
traditionally been regarded as taboo, which has led to a high rate of teenage
pregnancies. Only 34.5 male adolescents and 18.6 female adolescents,
according to United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), are aware of the
dangers of unprotected sex. India has made significant advancements in
terms of society, education, mindset, etc. over the years. Sex is still
stigmatized, though. Many would prefer not to discuss it or divulge any
information. It is still taboo to talk about sexual behavior in public, which
makes it difficult to provide Indian adolescents with effective sexual
education. The famous Hindu treatise known as the Kama Sutra, which is
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widely regarded as a classic work on human sexual behavior, has its origins
in India. Sex was never taboo in ancient India and was always a part of
Indian culture, whether it was sexual teaching in the form of scriptures and
the kamasutra or erotic images in sculpture and paintings. Sex is prohibited
in modern Indian society, though. The earliest evidence of attitudes
regarding sex is found in the texts of Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism,
the first of which is possibly the oldest piece of literature still in existence.
The Vedas, the world's oldest scriptures, present moral viewpoints on
sexuality, marriage, and reproductive rights. Yet nowadays, discussing sex
is frowned upon.
The study further shows conversations regarding sex, sexual health,
and birth control can be awkward to start for young adults depending on the
situation. This may lead to a dependency on more modern technology like
the internet or their peers to learn about sex. Although the internet provides
people with limitless information, not all of it is correct or reliable. Even
though young adults can learn about reproductive health on the internet, all
schools should be required to develop a sexual education program that
teaches students about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), consent, and
other sexually related topics. Some people might think that comprehensive
sexual education (CSE) was introduced to young adults before abstinence-
only sexual education (AOSE), however, AOSE was introduced in the 1970s
as a strategy to counter CSE (Gresle-Favier, 2013).
Local Studies
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According to a study by Gallao et al.(2020), among the 864 students of
Vigan City who participated in the study 19.15% have already attempted
engaging in sexual intercourse. This statistic shows reasonable concern
when it comes to the possibility of teenage pregnancy. It was also found that
the knowledge of Students on Sex Education still needs improvement
particularly on the topics of permanent contraceptive methods and STDs
(Gallao et al., 2020). Another study by Tanaka et al.(2020) further proves the
existence of this issue as it was found that there is a socio-cultural barrier
that inhibits students from receiving proper Sex Education. One suggestion
was that this issue may be addressed by the empowerment of School Nurses
to play active roles not only as public health nursing but also as health
educators, particularly the topic of Sex Education. It is also stated that
collaboration with health facilities, hospitals, and schools is necessary for
the prevention of teen pregnancy and STIs. Only a small number of School
Nurses, though, have such a partnership. These issues are seen to be the
primary causes of the subpar sex education given to students (Tanaka et al.,
2020). Although the empowerment of School Nurses as educators may
contribute greatly, the implementation of a proper comprehensive sex
education is proven to be the key element in lowering the chances of
sexually transmitted illnesses and teenage pregnancy after reviewing all the
relevant data and research. Students' inquiries about sex and sexuality can
be answered by educating them about their own sex and sexuality in an
environment that is safe for discussion, such as a classroom. The
introduction of a thorough sex education would most likely result in benefits
rather than drawbacks (Dorango et al., 2020).

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Furthermore, according to a study by Pasaya-an et al.(2020), there is
a low level of knowledge on the topic of Sex Education among adolescents in
Cordillera Administrative Region but there is the presence of a positive
attitude and good practices in relation to sexuality and reproductive health.
That gives the idea that the students are eager to learn about the topic and
have good intentions when applying it to their day to day lives. Data also
found that maturity has a direct relation with how the information is
absorbed and applied. This may be due to students in the older age groups
having the maturity to understand what is being taught to them is
important and applicable (Pasaya-an et al., 2020). The idea that maturity
plays a role on when Sex Education should be taught is also supported by a
study by Pablo(2018). It was found that the majority of senior high school
students of Peñaranda National High School preferred that Sex Education
should be taught in highschool. The study also concluded that teaching of
Sex Education will not provoke students to try sex and that proper
education on the subject may help decrease the occurrence of teenage
pregnancies (Pablo, 2018).
Synthesis
The review of related literature indicates that having sexual education
be taught in school ensures the future generations to be comfortable and
knowledgeable of their own sexuality. Not only would they be aware of their
sexuality, but they would also be aware of the risks of STDs, unprotected
sex, outcomes of abortion and other factors that may put our reproductive
health at risk. Furthermore, sexual education being taught in school can

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also battle the high rising cases of teenage pregnancy. In addition, research
methodologies have to be taken into account very seriously to improve the
research’s accuracy and validity.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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This chapter describes how the researchers decided to conduct this
study to the present state of knowledge on the subject and how to design it
for the target audience that the research paper was concerned about.
Research Design
This study aimed to identify the level of awareness on sex education of
highschool students of St. John’s Institute during the School Year 2022-
2023. The data presented in this section demonstrates how the researchers
will choose to conduct their study in light of the most recent knowledge on
the subject and their intended audience.
This research employed a Descriptive Research Design. According to
McCombes (2022), descriptive research aims to accurately and
systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. A
descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to
investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the
researcher does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only
observes and measures them.
Descriptive research design is selective since it is appropriate to
obtain a thorough understanding of the research question. It will give the
study the opportunity to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, and
categories in relation to the topic. The data that will be collected through
descriptive research can be highly valuable as it gives the researchers a high
amount of information needed for them in order for them to organize data
into a quantitative statistics (Sumeracki, n.d)
Locale of the Study

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The study was conducted at St. John’s Institute. It is the only Chinese
Catholic-inspired school in Bacolod City founded by Msgr. John Liu and
Msgr. John Su. As an integrated school, it offers pre-elementary,
elementary, junior high school, and senior high school programs. It operates
two campuses, the main campus in Capitol Shopping Center, Bacolod City
and the other campus in Ayala North Point, Talisay City. The institution
houses 267 classrooms and has an enrollment of about 1750 students. It
also has 150 distinguished teachers to serve the Johnian community.
Respondents of the Study
This study was conducted to all high school Students of St. John's
Institute for Academic Year 2022-2023. The combined population of junior
and senior high school students is 607. The total number of students was
then inputted into Raosoft which uses Cochran’s Formula in order to
calculate the sample size in relation to the total population.
The researchers used systematic random sampling to identify the
respondents per grade level. Systematic sampling is a probability sampling
technique in which a random sample from a bigger population is chosen
with a fixed periodic interval (Hayes, 2022). And to determine the number of
respondents for each grade level, the population size will be by the specified
sample size.
Table 1 Population Distribution per Grade
Department Population Sample

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Grade 7 107 41
Grade 8 119 46
Grade 9 132 52
Grade 10 108 41
Grade 11 74 29
Grade 12 67 27
Total 607 236
Research Instrument
To identify the level of awareness on sexual education of the
respondents, a survey form in accordance to the Likert Scale was used. It is
a psychometric scale used in surveys to gauge the opinions and attitudes of
people when responding to specific questions. It typically gives five options
for responses that range from polar opposites — such as complete
agreement to complete disagreement or complete satisfaction to complete
dissatisfaction —with more moderate options in between (Page, 2020). The
survey form that the researchers used consists of 15 questions with 5
options ranging from Extremely Aware down to Not at All Aware. The
form was divided into two parts, the first part being the respondents profile
and the second part being the questionnaire proper.
Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment

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The collected pieces of information during the data-gathering phase
were sorted out and analyzed accordingly.
The profile of the highschool students was identified by tallying the
answers of the respondents. On the other hand, Descriptive Statistics
(Mean) was used in representing the Students’ Level of Awareness on Sex
Education.
The table below was utilized to interpret the Level of Awareness
for each of the items in the survey.
Table 2 Interpretation of the Level of Awareness
Range Interpretation
4.21-5.00 Extremely Aware
3.41-4.20 Moderately Aware
2.61-3.40 Somewhat Aware
1.81-2.60 Slightly Aware
1.00-1.80 Not at All Aware

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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter contains detailed presentation and discussion of data
analysis and the results of this study. The data gathered in the previous
chapter are further treated, presented, analyzed and interpreted-so as to
shed light on the specific problems of the study.
Profile of the Respondents

Table 2 presents the profile of highschool students in St. John’s
Institute in terms of grade level and sex.
The table shows out of two hundred thirty-six (236) students, forty-
one (41) or 17.4 percent are in the 7th grade, forty-six (46) or 19.5 percent
are in the 8th grade, fifty-two (52) or 22 percent are in the 9th grade, forty-
one (41) or 17.4 percent are in the 10th grade, twenty-nine (29) or 12.3
percent are in the 11th grade, and twenty-seven (27) or 11.4 percent are in
the 12th grade.
The table also indicates below the sex of the respondents. It can be
gleaned that one hundred thirty-two or 55.9 percent are of the male sex and
one hundred two or 44.1 percent are of the female sex.

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Table 2 Profile of high school students in St. John’s Institute
Variable Categories N Percentage

7 41 17.4
8 46 19.5
9 52 22
Grade level 10 41 17.4
11 29 12.3
12 27 11.4
Total 236 100
Male 132 55.9
Sex Female 104 44.1
Total 236 100
Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School Students in St.
John’s Institute according to the area Reproductive Organs
The table reveals that the respondents are “Moderately Aware” of
reproductive organs. The researchers found that the high school students
are moderately aware of the different parts of the male and female
reproductive system as well as the uses of these organs in conception with a
mean of 4.10. In terms of awareness of the different diseases and disorders
of reproductive organs, the respondents are moderately aware with the
mean of 3.99. Furthermore, the respondents are moderately aware of the
menstrual cycle and its different phases resulting in the mean of 3.81.
Moreover, the respondents are moderately aware of the changes in their
reproductive organs during puberty with the mean of 4.39.

29
Table 3.1 Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School
Students in St. John’s Institute according to the area Reproductive
Organs
Questions Mean Interpretation

1 I am aware of the different parts of the male and female Moderately
reproductive system such as urethra, epididymis, etc. and 4.10 Aware
their functions.
2 I am aware of the different diseases and disorders of Moderately
reproductive organs, (ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, 3.99 Aware
PCOS, etc).
3 I am aware of the menstrual cycle and its different phases Moderately
3.81
(follicular, ovulation,luteal phases). Aware
4 I am aware of the roles of reproductive organs in Moderately
4.10
conception. Aware
5 I am aware of the changes in my reproductive organs Extremely
4.39
during puberty. Aware
John’s Institute according to the area Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The data shows that the respondents are moderately aware of sexually
transmitted diseases with a mean of 4.14. The researchers also discovered
that the respondents are moderately aware of the causes and modes of
transmission of sexually transmitted diseases with a mean of 3.85. In
addition, the respondents are somewhat aware of the causes and modes of
transmission of sexually transmitted disorders. The researchers found out
that the respondents are somewhat aware of the treatments performed for
sexually transmitted disorders with the mean of 2.98. The level of
awareness of treatments performed for sexually transmitted diseases could
be addressed and enhanced to have a higher level of knowledge.
Additionally, the respondents are moderately aware of the methods used to
prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disorders with the mean of 3.75.
30
Table 3.2 Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School
Students in St. John’s Institute according to the area Sexually Transmitted
Diseases

1 Moderately
I am aware of sexually transmitted diseases 4.14
Aware
2 I am aware of the causes and modes of transmission of Moderately
3.85
sexually transmitted diseases. Aware
3 I am aware of the possible symptoms when contracting a Moderately
3.55
sexually transmitted disease. Aware
4 I am aware of the treatments performed for sexually Somewhat
2.98
transmitted diseases. Aware
5 I am aware of the methods used to prevent the spread of Moderately
3.75
sexually transmitted diseases. Aware
John’s Institute according to the area Reproductive Health
The researchers discovered that the respondents have shown that
they are extremely aware of the importance of hygiene when maintaining
reproductive health with the highest mean of 4.51 in the area of
reproductive health. Furthermore, the respondents are moderately aware of
the usage of contraceptives with the mean of 3.42. The respondents are also
moderately aware of the physical and mental effects of abortion with the
mean of 3.86. The respondents are moderately aware of the importance of

31
regular medical examinations with the mean of 4.17. The high school
students also displayed a high mean of 4.33 and are extremely aware of
their reproductive health rights and freedom.
Table 3.3 Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School Students in
St. John’s Institute according to the area Reproductive Health

1 I am aware of the importance of hygiene when maintaining Extremely
4.51
reproductive health. Aware
2 Moderately
I am aware of the usage of contraceptives. 3.42
Aware
3 Moderately
I am aware of the physical and mental effects of abortion. 3.86
Aware
4 I am aware of the importance of regular medical Moderately
4.17
examinations. Aware
5 Extremely
I am aware of my reproductive health rights and freedom. 4.33
Aware
Overall Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School Students
in St. John’s Institute
The researchers interpreted that the overall level of awareness of high
school students have an average mean of 3.93 which is interpreted asf
“Moderately Aware”. In terms of reproductive organs, the high school
respondents are moderately aware and have a mean of 4.08. Furthermore,
the area for sexually transmitted diseases has a mean of 3.65 and has an
interpretation of “Moderately Aware”. The reproductive health area has a
mean of 4.06 and the high school students are also moderately aware of this
area.
Table 4 Overall Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School
Students in St. John’s Institute

32
Areas Mean Interpretation
Reproductive Organs 4.08 Moderately Aware
Sexually Transmitted 3.65 Moderately Aware
Diseases
Reproductive Health 4.06 Moderately Aware
Overall 3.93 Moderately aware
John’s Institute when they are grouped according to the Grade Level
The researchers found that the grade 7 students are moderately aware
of sex education with an overall mean of 3.45. The students of grade 7 are
moderately aware about the Reproductive Organs with the average mean of
3.75. In the area about Sexually Transmitted Diseases, the students are
somewhat aware about the area with the average mean of 2.92. And they
are moderately aware about their reproductive health with an average mean
of 3.69.
Table 5.1 Level of Awareness on Sex Education in St. John’s Institute
according to the areas in terms of Grade Level
Grade Level Areas Mean Interpretation
Reproductive Organs 3.74 Moderately

Aware
Grade 7 Sexually Transmitted 2.92 Somewhat

Diseases Aware
Reproductive Health 3.69 Moderately

Aware
33
Overall 3.45 Moderately

Aware
The study revealed that the overall level of awareness on sex
education of a large proportion of grade 8 students in St. John’s Institute is
moderately aware with an average mean of 3.45. The students of grade 8 are
moderately aware about the Reproductive Organs with an average mean of
somewhat aware about the area with an average mean of 2.92. They are
also moderately aware of the area concerning Reproductive Health with an
average mean of 3.69.

Aware
Grade 8 Sexually Transmitted 3.76 Moderately

Diseases Aware

Aware

aware
34
The results also revealed that the overall level of awareness in sex
education of grade 9 students in St. John’s Institute is moderately aware
with an average mean of 3.97. The students of grade 9 are moderately aware
about the Reproductive Organs with an average mean of 3.73. In the area
about Sexually Transmitted Diseases, the students are moderately aware
about the area with an average mean of 3.73. They are also moderately
aware of the area concerning Reproductive Health with an average mean of
4.09.

Aware

Diseases Aware

Aware

aware
The researchers found that the overall level of awareness in sex
education of grade 10 students in St. John’s Institute is moderately aware

35
with the average mean of 4.02. The students of grade 10 are extremely
aware about the Reproductive Organs with an average mean of 4.23. In the
area about Sexually Transmitted Diseases, the students are moderately
aware about the area with an average mean of 3.70. They are also
moderately aware of the area concerning Reproductive Health with an
average mean of 4.13.
Reproductive Organs 4.23 Extremely

Aware

Diseases Aware

Aware

aware
The researchers also discovered that the overall level of awareness in
sex education of grade 11 students in St. John’s Institute is moderately
aware with the average mean of 4.11. The students of grade 11 are
36
moderately aware about the Reproductive Organs with the average mean of
moderately aware about the area with the average mean of 3.91. And they
are extremely aware about their reproductive health with an average mean
of 4.25.

Aware

Diseases Aware
Reproductive Health 4.25 Extremely

Aware

Aware
The researchers interpreted that the overall level of awareness in sex
education of grade 12 students in St. John’s Institute is extremely aware
with the average mean of 4.33. The students of grade 12 are extremely
37
aware about the Reproductive Organs with the average mean of 4.37. In the
area about Sexually Transmitted Diseases, the students are moderately
aware about the area with the average mean of 4.10. They are extremely
aware about their Reproductive Health with an average mean of 4.51.
Reproductive Organs 4.37 Extremely

Aware
Sexually Transmitted 4.10 Moderately

Grade 12 Diseases Aware
Reproductive Health 4.51 Extremely

Aware
Overall 4.33 Extremely

Aware
A. Sex Profiling
Table Level of Awareness on Sex Education of High School Students in
St. John’s Institute according to sex
The researchers discovered that both male and female high school
students have an interpretation of “moderately aware”. In terms of the
overall average, the male respondents have an average of 3.38. On the other
38
hand, the female respondents have an overall average mean of 4.08. It is
stated that the female respondents have a higher awareness on this topic. In
terms of the areas, the male respondents are moderately aware of
reproductive organs with a mean of 3.39. In addition, it was found out that
the female respondents have a higher awareness in reproductive organs and
reproductive health, both interpreted into “Extremely Aware”.
Table 6 Level of Awareness on Sex Education in St. John’s Institute
according to the areas in terms of Sex
Variables Areas Mean Interpretation
Reproductive Organs 3.93 Moderately Aware
Male Sexually Transmitted 3.62 Moderately Aware

Diseases
Reproductive Health 3.94 Moderately Aware

Aware
Reproductive Organs 4.28 Extremely Aware
Female Sexually Transmitted 3.74 Moderately Aware

Diseases
Reproductive Health 4.22 Extremely Aware

aware
39
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter summarizes the findings derived from the data gathered
and provides the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations
relative to the statement of the problem.
Summary of Findings
The study has total respondents of 236 students, with forty-one (41)
in the 7th grade, forty-six (46) in the 8th grade, fifty-two (52) in the 9th
grade, forty-one (41) in the 10th grade, twenty-nine (29) in the 11th grade,
and twenty-seven (27) in the 12th grade. Also, there were 55.9% male and
44.1% female in the study.
The highschool students of St. John’s Institute attained an overall
mean of 3.93 which translates to moderate awareness. Furthermore, the
students in the 7th grade attained a mean of 3.45 which translates to
moderate awareness. Moreover, the students in the 8th grade are
moderately aware with a mean of 3.89. In addition, with a mean of 3.97, the
40
students in the 9th grade have moderate awareness. Also, the students in
the 10th grade achieved a mean of 4.02 which translates to moderate
awareness. Additionally, the students in the 11th grade garnered a mean of
11 which translates to moderate awareness. On top of that, the students in
the 12th grade are extremely aware with a mean of 4.33. It was also found
that the male students are moderately aware with a mean of 3.83 whereas
the female students are moderately aware but garnered a higher mean of
4.038. This suggests that the awareness of highschool students on sex
education is somewhat adequate enough to be able to maintain their
reproductive health and wellbeing but can be improved upon.
The data collected shows that the highschool students are moderately
aware of the reproductive organ with a mean of 4.08. They are moderately
aware of the different parts of the male and female reproductive system with
a mean of 4.10. They garnered a mean of 3.99 on the different diseases and
disorders of reproductive organs which translates to moderate awareness.
Likewise, they are moderately aware of the menstrual cycle and its different
phases with a mean of 3.81. In addition, they accumulated a mean of 4.10
the roles of reproductive organs in conception which is interpreted as
moderate awareness. Furthermore, with a mean of 4.39, the highschool
students have moderate awareness on the changes in reproductive organs
during puberty.
The highschool students attained a mean of 3.65 on the topic of
sexually transmitted diseases which translates into moderate awareness.
They achieved a mean of 4.14 on awareness of sexually transmitted diseases
itself which translates to moderate awareness. They are moderately aware of

41
the causes and modes of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases with
a mean of 3.85. Moreover, they garnered a mean of 3.55 on the possible
symptoms when contracting a sexually transmitted disease which is
interpreted as moderate awareness. Furthermore, they are somewhat aware
of the modes of the treatments performed for sexually transmitted diseases
with a mean of 2.98. It also obtained a mean of 3.75 on the topic methods
used to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
The highschool students achieved a mean of 4.06 out of 5.00 on the
topic of reproductive health which is interpreted as moderate awareness.
They are extremely aware of the importance of hygiene when maintaining
reproductive health with a mean of 4.51. Additionally, with a mean of 3.42,
they are moderately aware of the usage of contraceptives. Moreover, they are
aware of the physical and mental effects of abortion with a mean of 3.86.
Furthermore, they garnered a mean of 4.17 on the importance of regular
medical examinations which translates to moderate awareness. Finally, they
are extremely aware of their reproductive rights and freedom with a mean of
4.33.
Conclusions
The researchers concluded that the present state of the school’s
awareness based on the overall results can be improved further. The data
showed that the overall awareness of the high school students are
moderately aware across all three areas. Although the results of the high
school students are somewhat adequate, it does not mean that there is no
room for improvement. Improving upon this, this benefits the students by
42
not only knowing how to prioritize their reproductive health, but also
expands their knowledge on their reproductive rights and the risks of
sexually transmitted diseases.
Among all three areas, the overall results of the highschool students
garnered the highest mean of 4.08 and an interpretation of moderately
aware in the area of reproductive organs, however the following statements
under this area still needs minimal improvements, specifically the level of
awareness of the menstrual cycle and its different phases. The female and
male respondents showed different results in this area. The female gained a
high mean of 4.28 with an interpretation of extremely aware. However, the
male respondents garnered a lower mean of 3.93 with an interpretation of
moderately aware.
Additionally, the overall results of the high school students garnered
the lowest mean and interpretation in the area of sexually transmitted
diseases among all three areas. The level of awareness can still be improved
further to ensure that the students are knowledgeable on how to prevent
STDs from spreading among all individuals. In this area, the female and
male respondents also showed minimal differences in the sexually
transmitted diseases area. The female respondents gained a higher mean of
3.74 whilst the male respondents garnered a mean of 3.62 and both sexes
have an interpretation of moderately aware.
Moreover, the high school students gained a mean of 4.06 with an
interpretation of moderately aware in the area of reproductive health.

43
Furthermore, the overall results show that all grade levels are extremely
aware of the importance of hygiene when maintaining reproductive health,
with the highest mean of 4.51. This implies that the students are aware of
the health risks if they are negligent when it comes to maintaining their
reproductive health. The female and male respondents have contrasting
results in the overall mean and interpretation in the area of reproductive
health. The female respondents gained a higher mean of 4.21 and an
interpretation of extremely aware. However, the male respondents garnered
a lower mean of 3.94 with an interpretation of moderately aware.
Among all grade levels, the grade 12 students displayed the highest
level of awareness with a mean of 4.33. In line with this, the grade 7
students garnered the lowest mean and interpretation of moderately aware.
Among the two sexes, the female respondents garnered a higher mean and
interpretation compared to the male respondents particularly in the areas of
reproductive organs and reproductive health. This implies that the students
may have had varied learning methods and absorbed the lessons differently
which caused the different results for the variables.
A study was conducted by Gallao et al., that the extent of sexual
knowledge of the Government Senior High School Students of Vigan City has
an average level. In comparison, the results of Gallao et al.’s study is
similar to the results of the high school students of St. John’s Institute.
Both studies show that both high schools have a lower awareness in the
topics of STDs and contraceptives.

44
Finally, the researchers can come to the conclusion that improvement
is needed concerning sexually transmitted diseases and there needs to be
minimal improvement regarding the area of reproductive organs of which the
high school students are moderately aware with a mean of 4.08. All three
areas can be improved further by giving the high school students a broader
knowledge of sex education to ensure that they are aware of the many
possible health complications. The researchers concluded that the use of
profiling to gain a deeper knowledge of the data was helpful in identifying
imbalances in each grade level and sex allowing further improvements on
the part of the respondents.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are offered on the bases of the
findings and conclusions of the study:
The evaluation results of St. John’s Institute’s Junior High School
students and Senior High School students were reviewed. In general, the
evaluation supported the contention that sex education has beneficial
effects, especially in regard to increasing sexual knowledge and changing
sexual attitudes.
Students. Increasing sexual knowledge is important for the students'
sexual health and well-being. They should not be afraid to ask and seek out
information and resources. Students should pay attention and be open
minded when their teachers are discussing about sex education as these
45
classes provide essential information about sexual health, contraception,
and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Reading books and articles
related to sex education is also beneficial for students in order to improve
their awareness about sex education. They should look for books written by
reputable authors and published by reputable authors. Talking to trusted
adults or experts such as a parent, teacher, or councilor can also increase
awareness about the topic such as asking questions or concerns about sex
education. When looking for information about sex education, make sure
they use reliable sources such as government websites, medical journals,
and reputable organizations.
Teachers. Based on the survey results, teachers should educate and
provide more information about the menstrual cycle. Specifically they
should discuss the female reproductive system, the menstrual cycle chart,
the menstrual hygiene, its myths and facts, and menstrual products.
Students also need more knowledge about the different diseases and
disorders of the reproductive organs so teachers should provide activities
such as research projects, case studies about the topic, guest speakers, and
visual aids. Teachers should also emphasize the importance of safe sex
practices and must teach students about the importance of using condoms
and other forms of contraception to prevent unintended pregnancies and
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Provide information on where they
can access free or low-cost contraception and encourage them to talk to a
healthcare provider if they have questions or concerns. Teachers should also
be mindful to adjust the information that they teach to the age and maturity
level of their students. Younger children may only need basic information
46
about the menstrual cycle, while older students can benefit from more
detailed information about reproductive anatomy and the hormones involved
in the menstrual cycle. When teaching students about the different diseases
and disorders of the reproductive organs, it is also important to emphasize
prevention. This includes promoting healthy habits such as regular exercise,
a balanced diet, and safe sex practices.
Parents. Based on the survey results, parents should try to teach
their children however they can as the child begins learning in school if they
have questions regarding the topic. Though they should be careful on what
they say and keep some details for themselves, it is in their best interest to
indulge their child with their curiosities. For those who have a child going
through puberty, it is best you explain the changes once your child becomes
aware of them. Of course, using textbooks and other resources would suffice
but as a parent, one should not only rely on the school to teach your child
about their growth and development. As someone with more experience, the
parents should take some time to properly explain to their child and educate
them regardless. Parents should focus on explaining the different
reproductive organs if needed, changes children go through during puberty
and how the child can better take care of their now changing body. Using
reliable sources as it may forever affect their livelihoods in the future.
Department Of Education. Recommendations from official sources
highlight a number of key principles providing sexual education programs
that are essential for effective sex education within schools. The goals of this
program include 1) increasing sexual knowledge; 2) enhancing individual
adjustment and improving sexual decision-making; 3) reducing the

47
incidence of unwanted pregnancies and venereal disease; and 4) improving
communication between the sexes. Although most experts believe that
comprehensive sex education programs are needed, few programs are
comprehensive in scope. Since participants in sex education programs were
generally self-selected, it was difficult to develop suitable criteria for
selecting controls. In the future, evaluation studies should seek to ascertain
the long-term effects of sex education programs on knowledge, attitudes,
and behavioral patterns, collect the type of detailed data needed for the
program, and assess the value of different teaching approaches.
St. John’s Institute. The school must improve the existing sexual
education particularly through covering blind spots in our curriculum.
Young people are driven to take action and advocate for a supportive
environment regarding the sexual and reproductive health and rights of
minor people in their families and their community. The curriculum closes
with an exhibition at which young people show fellow pupils, parents and
the community the results of the class efforts, such as slogans, posters, role
plays and action plans.
Commission on Higher Education. It is recommended for the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to collaborate with educational
institutions to develop comprehensive sexual health education programs
that cover a range of topics, such as Reproductive Organs, Sexually
Transmitted Diseases, and Reproductive Health. CHED should seek to
improve student access to sexual health services in college campuses such
as STI testing and treatment, contraception, and counseling. This can be
accomplished by collaborating with healthcare providers, and sponsoring

48
clinics and other healthcare facilities. Lastly CHED should invest in
research and evaluation of sexual health services and policies in order to
establish their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. This could
include gathering data on student health outcomes, reviewing the success of
sexual health education initiatives, and examining the efficacy of policies
and guidelines.
Researchers. Recommendations for future researchers to seek out a
variable that may not have been included in this study. Moreover, it is
important to incorporate a more stable form of communication to ensure a
quicker process. It is also important to ensure that your sample size will be
available when you conduct your study. As technology continues to improve,
the researchers should keep up on the latest platforms and tools that would
enhance the researchers’ methodologies and data analysis.
Future Studies. Recommendations for future research about Sex
Education stresses the need for more rigorous outcome evaluation, long-
term follow-up, comparison of differing methods, and more detailed
subjective evaluations. Of special note is that despite the fact that sex
education is purported to be a preventive approach by most theorists in the
area, prevention-oriented outcome assessments are conspicuously absent in
the literature.
49
APPENDIX A
50
51
APPENDIX B
52
APPENDIX C
53
APPENDIX D
I. Personal Information
Name (Optional):____________________________________________
Sex: _____
Grade Level: __________
II. Instructions
Greetings! We are the Grade 10 Researchers of St. Augustine of Hippo.

Currently, we are conducting research on “The Level of Awareness on Sex
Education of High School Students in St. John’s Institute”.
In line with this, we would like to ask for your participation in

answering the questions below. Please be assured that all information
gathered will be used for research purposes only and will be kept
confidential.
III. Questionnaire Proper
For the questions below, the respondents can answer the statements
with the following choices:
Scale Level of Awareness

5 - Extremely Aware
4 - Moderately Aware
3 - Somewhat Aware
2 - Slightly Aware
1 - Not at All Aware
Statement
I am aware of the functions of ➄➃➂➁➀

each of my reproductive organs.
I am aware of the different ➄➃➂➁➀

diseases and disorders of
reproductive organs.
I am aware of the menstrual ➄➃➂➁➀

cycle and its different phases.
I am aware of the roles of ➄➃➂➁➀

reproductive organs in
conception.
54
I am aware of the changes in my ➄➃➂➁➀

reproductive organs during
puberty.
I am aware of sexually ➄➃➂➁➀

transmitted diseases.
I am aware of the causes and ➄➃➂➁➀

modes of transmission of
sexually transmitted diseases.
I am aware of the possible ➄➃➂➁➀

symptoms when contracting a
sexually transmitted disease.
I am aware of the treatments ➄➃➂➁➀

performed for sexually
I am aware of the prevention ➄➃➂➁➀

methods used for sexually
I am aware of the importance of ➄➃➂➁➀

hygiene when maintaining
reproductive health.
I am aware of the usage of ➄➃➂➁➀

contraceptives.
I am aware of the physical and ➄➃➂➁➀

mental effects of abortion.
I am aware of the importance of ➄➃➂➁➀

regular medical examinations.
I am aware of my reproductive ➄➃➂➁➀

health rights and freedom.
55
APPENDIX E
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
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1

The Level of Awareness on Sex Education

A Research Paper Presented to

The Junior High School Faculty

St. John’s Institute

Bacolod City, Negros Occidental

First and foremost, the researchers would like to extend their

research paper, we were able to produce a quality research paper.

Second, we would like to thank the highschool students of St. John’s

of this research paper solely depended on your participation in our study,

and for that we thank you.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE--------------------------------------------- 11

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA------------- 27

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS--- 40

A. REQUEST FOR CONDUCT OF THE STUDY------------------------------50

B. NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT FORM---------------------------------51

E. STATISTICAL RESULTS -----------------------------------------------------55

Background of the Study

As adolescents grow up, they encounter situations in life such as

making important choices when it comes to relationships, sexuality, and

sexual behavior. It is also a phase where young adults experience drastic

changes in their body. Such changes can result in a positive or negative

sexual violence among youth, a Department of Education (DepEd) Order was

passed to include sexuality education in order to mandate the provision of

an age-appropriate reproductive health education for adolescents. The main

objective is to elicit the baseline information from students on Sex

Education and to give a background on their current sexual knowledge,

behaviors, and opinions. Among the objectives of having sex education in

the mainstream educational system is to curb potential societal issues

outside of marriage, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexual

abuse (Santos, 2021).

The topic of sex education is a sensitive topic especially in the

Philippines, a country known to be predominantly catholic. The country’s

religion plays a big influence on the presence and exposure of students in

their adolescence to proper sexual education. Catholic schools downplay the

significance of sexual education because they assume it promotes immoral

behavior (Nichols, 2020). Having access to sexual education can benefit in

preventing unplanned pregnancies, STDs, and help in making better

choices. It allows students to be able to be properly educated on their

sexuality no matter how secular the community may be since sexuality is

still part of a student’s identity.

Based on past research, one can hypothesize that a student's

knowledge of sexual education can predict their awareness of access to

contraceptives (Sanni, et al., 2022). It is recommended that the government

and other relevant stakeholders need to institute continuous awareness

campaign programs to increase contraception uptake and reduce the

prevalence and effect of unwanted pregnancy as a result of unprotected

sexual activities. Adolescence is a phase earmarked where a human body

change carrying baggage of shame, insecurity, stigma, and concealment

demands on-time awareness and intervention. Sex education should be an

integral part of the learning process beginning in childhood and continuing

into adult life, because it is a lifelong process (Iqbal, 2021).

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Level of Awareness on Sex

Education of Highschool Students of St. John’s Institute during the School

Specifically, the study answered the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the High School students in terms of:

2. What is the Level of Awareness of High School students on Sex