A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

PROPOSED MULTILECTURE THEATRE

FOR

KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE

BY:

ABDULKAREEM ABDULGAFAR OLADELE

HND/18/ARC/FT/051

BEING A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
KWARA STATE POLYTECHNIC ILORIN

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND)
IN ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

FEBRUARY, 2021

i
 DECLARATION

I ABDULKAREEM ABDULGAFAR OLADELE declare that this

project work is carried out by me in department of Architecture and in partial

fulfillment for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) under the

supervision of ARC SOLOMON. All information used and source have been

duly acknowledge

__________________ __________________
DATE SIGNATURE

ii
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project was carried out by ABDULKARREM

ABDULGAFAR OLADELE and has been read and approved by the under

listed people in fulfillment of the requirement of the Department of architectural

technology for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in the institute of

environmental studies Kwara state polytechnic Ilorin

________________________ __________________
ARC. FAMILUA O.S. SIGNATURE/DATE
(Mentor/Supervisor)

________________________ __________________
ARC. TOMORI J.M. SIGNATURE/DATE
(Project Coordinator)

________________________ __________________
ARC. B.Y.F ABDULAZEEZ SIGNATURE/DATE
(Head of Department)

________________________ __________________
EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE/DATE

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 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty Allah, also to my parents Alhaja

Zainab Abdulkareem and my late dad Mallam Abdulkareem Alabi Alaanu for

their caring and support both financially and spiritually.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise and adoration is given to Almighty Allah, the God of the

universe, may the blessings of Almighty Allah be upon the noble Prophet

Muhammad (S.A.W).

My deep appreciation goes to my supervisors, Arc Solomon that stood by

me during the writing of this project. I will never forget my able HOD, ARC

ABDULAZEEZ B.Y.F, also to the lecture in the department of Architectural

Technology, I say a big thanks to you all for the knowledge impacted.

My sincere appreciation goes to the best parent in the world LATE

MALLAM ABDULKAREEM ALABI A.K.A ALAANU for his care while he

was in this earth, may Almighty Allah grant him Aljanah Firdous, (Amin) and

also to my lovely mummy HAJIA. ZAINAB ANIKE ABDULKAREEM for

your care, financial support you gave me, I really appreciate you.

My deep appreciation also goes to my brother and sister,

ABDULKAREEM MUHAMMAD BOLAJI, AWAWU ARINOLA IBRAHIM

OLANREWAJU, RISKAT BUKOLA, AISHAT, MARYAM, RASHEEDAT,

LATEEFAT and OLADIMEJI HASSAN ALAANU my mummy RISIKAT

ABDULKAREEM

Lastly to my lovely friends OLALEKAN OSURE, SHERIK IBRAHIM,

TAIYE AND KEHINDE AZEEZAT, KABIRU, OLUWADAMILOLA

ASHIAU, SIMBIAT, SULIYAT, JAMIU, QOZEEM, AREMU, ABDUL

RASAK, HABEEB, OLA, MONSUR, FODUN RIDWAN, TOHEED,

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SALAUDEEN, YUNUS, HABEEB, HASSAN, JUBRIL, TOSHO,

SULYMAN, ABDULAZZEZ, AKANO AND OWOLABI, DAMILOLA I say

a big thanks and financial support they gave throughout my course may Allah

reward you abundantly.

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 ABSTRACT
The importance of education cannot be over emphasized, as illiteracy is a
major factor in breeding and promoting poverty-of the mind and spirit. This
requires a conscious attempt at providing a place, which is a facial of serial,
economical and education activities, based on the students, there is need to
provide lecture theatre for activities which cannot be provided by individuals
no matter their wealth. The main characteristics of the lecture theatre are its
unique role in the creative use of academic and leisure time for various
programmes.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vii
Table of contents viii
List of figures x
List of plates xi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.2 Project Definition 2
1.3 Aims and objectives of the study 3
1.4 Scope of the study 3
1.5 Research methodology 4
1.6 Limitation of the study 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 5
2.1 History of Lecture Theatre 5
2.2 Conclusion 6
2.3 Case Studies 6
2.3.1 Case Study One 7
2.3.2 Case Study Two 12
2.3.3 Case Study Three 17
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Historical/Introduction of Study Area 22
3.2 Site Location and Description 23

viii
3.3 Site Inventory 24
3.4 Geographical Climatic Data 25
3.5 Conclusion 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Design Criteria 29
4.2 Brief Analysis (Client/Use Requirement) 30
4.3 Special Analysis 31
4.4 Functional Relationship 31
4.5 Conceptual Development 33
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Aesthetic Appraisal of the Proposed Design 35
5.1 Construction Method 36
5.2 Site Clearance 39
5.3 Materials 39
5.4 Services 42
5.5 General Maintenance 46
5.6 Summary and Conclusion 47
References 48

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Lecture theater came about when the need arise for institution, in quest of

knowledge. The existence of lecture theater came into play from the art theater

where gathering of individuals, group or organization so as to watch drama

within a unified space could be experience as the art theater such pioneer artist

of art theater are DOROTHY GIBSON (NEE DOROTHY WINIFRED

BROWN) may 17, 1939- February 17, 1946 she was a pioneer actress in a silent

film and a popularly remembered as a supervisor of the sinking of the RMs

titanic one thriller as miss masquerade (1911) and loves find a way (1912) all in

HIPPODROME THEATRE. Another artistic theater is the ABBEY THEATRE

in 1982. All the aforementioned above was relatively performed from more

refined great halls of noble men’s houses, the noble great hall came about in

1602 which were again make-shift theatres and the player would act in such

places by invitation. A screen would be erected at one end of the hall and

behind it there would be more room for actors to dress to move around and so

on. They would perform their play in stages. However, the hostility of London

brought about the Shakespeare who actually was twenty years old before he

performed the twelfth night on the second of February in 1603. The above

illustration has vividly depicts the demonstration of how lecture theatre was

lured from the act theatre.

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 In Nigeria, the first category of higher citadel of learning was the Yaba

College of Technology, the University of Ibadan and among others. All these

institution had a space where students had their lectures, and other department

programme. The idea of the foreign developed countries in the creation of hall

for gathering of students in search for knowledge was initiated by Nigerian

institution in the erection of halls which were later, transformed into lecture.

1.2 PROJECT DEFINITION

A theatre can be defined as a large room used for instructional purpose

usually found in Colleges, University and Municipal Environment. Unlike a

traditional classroom lecture theatre with a capacity measured in hundred to a

thousand plus.

Lecture theatre usually have tiered seating systems which gives Audience

seated at the Rear to have a clear view of the lecture.

The importance of lecture hall is that so significant that some schools of

Architecture have offered courses exclusively centered on their design.

However, lecture theatre refers to as unified space where students are

gathered together to attend lecture congress or other educational related

activities like seminar debate etc.

2
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 AIM

The aim of this project is to provide a standard and conducive learning

Environment for student.

1.3.2 OBJECTIVES

i. To provide public speaking and outreach training for early career

researchers and PhD students who lead the workshops and lectures.

ii. To provide interactive and engaging lectures and workshops based on

current themes of research with in university.

iii. To achieve an environment where there will be proper coordination

among all the components of the lecture theatre.

iv. Achieving a functional circulation space within all the components of the

lecture theatre.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The proposed lecture theatre shall be limited to (Kwara state college of

education Ilorin), which is our scope area of the study covered.

a. Lecture theatre

i. Common room

ii. Lecture Hall

iii. Class room for racking

iv. Podium

v. Utilities

3
 vi. Stair hall

vii. Shop

1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This refers to measure by which the research was carried out to achieve the

aim, these are:

i. Finding facts from lectures students from different institution and

written by various student.

ii. Finding of various literature on lecture theatre through internet.

iii. By obtaining climatic and weather condition in order to obtain

fundamental design on the basis of the site.

iv. Comparing these from different institutions and written by various

students.

v. Visiting the proposed site in order to acquaint with the site conditions.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

A. SPACE CONSTRAINT

Given one acre of land for the said proposed lecture theatre was not

sufficient, I had to asked for the acre of land so as to situated the said proposed

lecture hall

4
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review is a text of a scholar paper, within include the current

knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and

methodology contribution to a particular topic. Literature review are secondary

source, and do not report new or original experimental work. Most often

associated with academic oriented literature, such review are found in academic

journals, and are not to be confused with book review that may also appear in

the same publication. Literature review are basis for research in newly every

academic field.

2.1 HISTORY OF LECTURE THEATRE

The first art theatre was built in 1603 by the then artist. The idea was later

administer into English educational institution in 1889 by the then AIT MISS

DOROTHY WINIFRED GIBSON who aced the legendary theateric at called

TITANIC in 1912. However, the arbitrary though of art theatre later

transformed into great hall which were make shift theatre, the hostility of

London brought about the shakes peace who actually was twenty years old

before the performed twelfth night of the 2nd of February 1903. It however

observed the existence of Colonia are brought about educational system to some

indigenous Nigeria such as SAMUEL AJAYI CROWTHER e.t.c which require

a space for assembling the crowd or student for lectures, which was later,

transformed to class or halls.

5
 The idea was initiated and implemented into our various tertiary

institution among which are the pioneer institution such as Yaba College of

technology Lagos, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ahmadu Bello University,

Zaria among others. All these institutions created room or hall of knowledge

which was later transformed to lecture theatre as a result of increase in the

number of admitted student and meeting the need of modern day architecture

and the new technology development. The lecture theatre came in play when

search for accompanied by various institution in our higher citadel of learning.

The existence of lecture theatre was cultured from the roman theatric art, which

requires stage where acting takes place and other cultural related activities.

2.2 CONCLUSION

Literature review may be included as part of a peer reviewed journal

article presenting new research, serving to situate the current study within the

body of the relevant literature and to provide content for the reader. In such a

case, the review usually precedes methodology and results sections of the work.

2.3 CASE STUDIES

i. University of Ilorin

ii. National open university of Abuja

iii. The polytechnic of Ibadan

6
2.3.1 CASE STUDY ONE

The lecture theatre can in play when search for accompanied by various

institution in our higher citadel of learning.

The existence of lecture theatre was cultured from the roman theatric art,

which requires stage where acting takes place and other cultural related

activities.

GENERAL APPRAISAL

The university of Ilorin lecture theatre is of modern architectural building

elements are simple and functional the design made use of simple building

shape (rectangular) which makes it simple function and regular.

MERITS
1. Provision of multiple entrances
2. The building well ventilation
3. Provision of large hall ways
4. Seats well arranged to avoid visual distraction
DEMERITS
1. Visual distraction due to low level window
2. No parking lots
3. The entrance is not well defined
4. The lecture theatre has no projection room
OBSERVATION

It of observed that the Unilorin lecture theatre was purposely designed for

student usage as and such other related facilities that will enhance the space to

habitable and functional are provided.

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8
CONCLUSION

In respect to the design of this theatre I will therefore recommend some

lacking facilities to my design which will be more functional and conducive for

human environment.

Figure 1: Showing the location plan of case study one

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Figure 2: Showing the floor plan of case study one

FRONT VIEW

BACK SIDE VIEW

10
RIGHT SIDE VIEW

LEFT SIDE VIEW

11
2.3.2 CASE STUDY TWO

The National Open University was initially established on 22 July 1983

as spring board for open and distance learning in Nigeria. It was suspended by

the government on 25 April 1984. However, its resuscitation was begin on 12

April 2001 by the former president of Nigeria Gen Olusegun Obasanjo at

takeoff of the university, pioneer student enrolment stood at 32,400 by its nature

as an ODL institution, Noun does not provide lectures to students in normal

classrooms except some certain study centres. The study centre in Lagos for

instance provides lectures to all its law undergraduate and supplies necessary

course materials to all students after the payment of tuition fees. All the courses

being offered by the university have been accredited by the National

Universities Commission.

NAME: National Open University of Nigeria Abuja

National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja satellite campus is located along

Kubwa, Gwarimpa expressway besides the federal civil service commission
institute.
MERITS
1. The building is well ventilated
2. The building is aesthetically balanced
3. There is comfort provision for staffs
4. There is provision for adequate conveniences
DEMERITS
1. No provision for parking lots
2. There is no consideration for disabled students

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3. No consideration for security in the design

13
Figure 3: Showing the location plan of case study two

Figure 4: Showing the Ground Floor Plan of case study two

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Figure 5: Showing the First Floor Plan of case study two

FRONT SIDE VIEW

ENTRANCE VIEW

15
4.

16
BACK SIDE VIEW

17
LEFT SIDE VIEW

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2.3.3 CASE STUDY THREE

The polytechnic Ibadan (typically called “Poly Ibadan”) is an institution

of higher learning in Ibadan in Oyo state, Nigeria. Founded in 1970, poly

Ibadan is similar to other polytechnics in Nigeria. The institution was

established to provide an alternative higher education to universities,

particularly in technical skill acquisition. The polytechnic Ibadan is also well

known for her unique slogan written in Yoruba language as “Ise Logun Ise”

which means “work is the medicine for poverty” a classical Yoruba adage

which stresses the hard work is the way out of poverty.

NAME: THE POLYTECHNIC IBADAN, OYO STATE

The polytechnic of Ibadan is located at polytechnic road Sango, Ibadan

PMB 22 U.I Post office Ibadan

MERITS

1. Comfortable sitting arrangement

2. Provision of multiple access to and fro of the building

3. Well position tiered seating arrangements

DEMERITS

1. The entrance is not well defined

2. Poor arrangement of parking space

3. No space for future expansion

4. Poor landscape

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Figure 6: Showing the Locational Plan of case study three

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Figure 6: Showing the Ground Floor Plan of Case Study Three

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FRONT SIDE VIEW

LEFT SIDE VIEW

22
RIGHT SIDE VIEW

23
 RIGHT SIDE VIEW II

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 HISTORICAL/ INTRODUCTION OF STUDY AREA

HISTORY BACKGROUND OF UNIVERSITY (MALETE)

The journey towards establishing a state university in Kwara state began

on 11 July 2007 when the Kwara state Governor Bukola Saraki in auquratoda

planning committee under former governor of Kwara state Alhaji Mohammed

Shaaba Lafiagi to prepare the ground for the establishment of the Kwara state

university. The Bill for the Kwara state university was signed into law on 24

December,2008 the certificate and instrument to operate the university was

obtained on 9 February 2009 from the National Universities Commission

(NUC) the pioneer vice chancellor profession Abdul rasheed Na’Allah who

until his appointment was chair of the African American studies Department of

the western ilorin is university Macomb united states of America assumed

office on 28 July 2009 when fully operational the university is planned to have

its academic activities operate from three campuses located in Malete Ilesha

Baruba and Osi-opin

The Malete campus is the main campus and houses the college of pure

and Applied Sciences college of information and communication technology

and the college of Education Osi Ekiti local government campus will houses the

college of Engineering College of Humanities Management and Social Science

24
the Baruba (Baruten local Government) campus will house the college of

Agriculture and veterinary science.

Established in 2009 kwara state university is a non- profit public higher

education institution located in the suburban setting of the large city of Ilorin

(population range of 500,000-1,000,000 in habitants, Kwara officially

recognized by the state university (Kwasu) is a medium sized (uniranl

environment range 9000-9,999 students) coeducational Nigerian higher

education institution Kwara state university (Kwasu) offers courses and

programs leading to officially recognized higher education degrees such as

bachelor degrees in several areas of study see the uni Rank degree levels and

areas of study matrix below for further details this 11 years old Nigerian higher-

education institution has a selective admission policy based on entrance

examinations. International applicants are eligible to apply for enrollment

KWASU also provides several academic and non-academic facilities and

service to students including a library as well as administrative service.

3.2 SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

The multi lecture theater is to be located Kwara state university (Malete)

Ilorin Kwara state.

The site of the project is located is the Kwara state university Malete at

area along with easy accessibility favoring the sitting of correctional centre.

There is also quite with little or no traffic problems among existing structure

around the site.

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26
3.3 SITE INVENTORY

These are physical feature present on the site sure feature include the

following existing telephone line water service line foot path, electricity line.

TOPOGRAPHY

The proposed site was found to be broad that the soil is made up of loamy

hard compact soil and covered with grasses and trees.

SOIL STRUCTURE

The site is made up of loamy hard and compact soil which has the

strength of heavy load bearing capacity which is good for construction.

VEGETATION

The site is virgin land covered with grasses and trees such as palm trees,

deciduous trees, and banana trees.

WIND DIRECTION

Trade wind from north – east, it is a strong, dry, dirty and disastrous wind

which bring harmattan from Sahara within the month of November to April,

trees may be planted to this direction as a wind breakers to protect roof being

blown off.

SUN DIRECTION

The sun rise from the East set to the west. From east, the radiation is very

friendly, the front elevation of the proposed building can face this direction

(East) and one can take sun baths it contain vitamin D necessary for human

body.

27
 While at the west, sun radiation is very critical which to hear in the

building and thereby causing discomfort to the occupants of the building. Trees

may also be planted to this direction (west) to serves as a shading device or

order architectural tools has over hang hot, Venetia blind, double or triple

glazing etc also be employ.

SOURCES OF NOISE

The possible source of noise to the proposed site is from existing access

road which leads to pollution which may be prevented by provision of edges or

fence to this direction.

INVENTORY

The following elements were found on the proposed site

 Vegetation (i.e. grasses and trees)

 Refuse or debris.

 Collapsed and abandoned structure.

3.4 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION/ CLIMATIC DATA

Climatic condition of the proposed site regions are:

RAINFALL:

Rain always results from current of the south – west trade wind which

comes from the Atlantic Ocean. The wind is moisture and it continues to move

towards the sky until it get its saturation point and condenses and fall back as

28
rain water to the earth. The precipitation is at its peak around the month of May

and June annually.

TEMPERATURE:

The place experiences the largest peak of temperature between November

and March which is characterized by dry dust laden winds coming from the

north east (Sahara Desert). The dry wind blowing on the region brings

Harmattan, which is characterized by extreme cold but dry weather.

This is the account of the water content of the atmosphere of a place,

period of time. The relative humidity of the place is about 40-70% in the

atmosphere.

VEGETATION

Vegetation gives the account of the types of plant present in a

geographical location. The vegetation of the place is characterized by some

grasses, shrub and some deciduous trees.

WIND DIRECTION

The wind direction of Ilorin and its environment wind blows from east to

the west directions. From the information given about the prevailing longitude,

there is no account of any serious condition with regard to the effect of the wind

direction apart from the fact that the roof must be secured against whirlwind

which is common at arrival and end periods of rainfall annually around March

and November respectively.

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GEOGRAPHY/ CLIMATIC DATA

The city (Ilorin) has a tropical climate. The summers here have a good

deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. According to Koppen and

Geiger, this climatic is classified as AW, in Ilorin, the averages animal

temperature is 26.5oC. The rainfall here averages 1217M.

The least amount of rainfall occurs in January. The average in this month

is 10mm most of the precipitation here falls in September, averaging 232mm.

The temperature are highest on average in March at around 29.0 oC.

August aids the coldest month with temperatures averaging 24.5 oC.

The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest month is

222mm throughout the year, temperature vary by 4.5 oC.

3.5 CONCLUSION

This chapter contains all information regarding for the proper orientation

of the site, dictating the comfort zone and the positioning of the project design

on site.

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TABLE 1: SHOWING AVERAGE TEMPERATURE ILORIN

TABLE 2: CLIMATE GRAPH/WEATHER BY MONTH IN ILORIN

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 DESIGN CRITERIA

In planning and design of Multi-Lecture Theater, emphasis must be

placed on providing some kind of facilities, needed by different units now

placing them in proper relationship to each other and locating them according to

needs.

However, several problems arrangement arise which should be

determined by login and conveniences, but there is difficulty in agreeing to

what is the most logical and convert arrangements.

The main part of the Multi-Lecture Theater may broadly be classified as

follows:

1. Entrance

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 2. The lecture hall for students learning.

3. Female convenience

4. Male convenience

5. Store

6. The circulation space/walkway

7. The projection room

LOCATION OF LECTURE THEATRE

Lecture theatre historically and functionally should be located primarily

in institution or higher citable of learning it is an educational Architectural

expression of student’s designed and should be located such that the institution

benefits and appreciate the functionality of such project.

MKO ABIOLA lecture theatre in LAUTECH Ogbomosho, the Ilesanmi

lecture theatre OAU, is located for reason of improving the institution image

and for easy accessibility.

However, the significance to the prior location of lecture theatre must be

considered in respect of planning of the site an the attached features activities of

the lecture therefore such provision must it is designed or meant for.

SIGNIFICANCE OF LECTURE THEATRE

The society has educational gathering that is deeply rooted in a nature of

any and also social cultural practice. To everything in life department

unavoidably comes in this aspects of life has witnessed development over the

ages that cultivated in the emergence of great halls lecture theatre. Thus serve

33
the purpose of preserving this aspect of learning and other educational centers

as well as social culture where people gather together for the ad-visual arts,

drama and cinema and the likes.

In respect to these the necessity for lecture theatre plays a paramount role

for its establishment in all domain of higher citadel of learning.

4.2 BRIEF ANALYSIS (CLIENT/ USE REQUIREMENT)

The institution believes that the faculty will enhance students learning the

research into the usage faculty demonstration it positives impact on students

learning. In summary, it would weed for:

 Lecture

 Debates

 Guests speaker

 Revision classes

 Orientation class

4.3 SPECIAL ANALYSIS

S/N DESIGN BRIEF LENGTH X TOTAL DIMENSION

BREADTH @M2
1. Entrance 3.0 x 11.8m 1 35.4m2

2. Student common 21.8 x 19.0m 1 414.2 m2

room

34
3. 600 Capacity lecture 30.6 x 23.0m 3 703.8 m2

room

4. Stair case 17.4 x 5.0m 3 87 m2

5. Convenience 1.2 x 2.4m 30 2.88 m2

6. Shop 5.8 x 5.8m 6 33.64 m2

Table 3: Showing the special analysis of the case study (KWASU)

4.4 FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

The brief was acquired from detailed studies and analysis carried out on

existing types of the project which are to be incorporated in the design of this

project.

The functions provided could be categorized into program facilities and

general services facility area such as Lecture theatre, Projector Room, Office,

Store, Conveniences etc.

The general services facility include parking lot, car wash etc.

DESIGN CONCEPT

The concept of this design is based on some basic wants of an average

medium security prison.

Every Institutional Multiple Lecture Theatre would have:

a. Projector Room

b. Store

c. Convenience

35
 d. Offices

Every of this is represented in a form or shape, the use of a form depicts,

functionally and all it stand for free flow in design, easy construction of

building which leads to the evolution of a form for the plan and building in

general. Also efforts was made to ensure that the four principles of design was

effected, working all the size elements of design together to produce a

harmonious effect.

The site elements of design are line, colour, value, texture, volume and

space which was incorporated in the design.

Straight lines were mostly used in the design because they suggest

rigidity. The use of delicate colours and the design gives it a cool and homely

feeling.

The value of these colours and also considered with the amount of light it

reflects, so that it does not make the design monotonous or confusing. The

texture of the materials used is also put into great considerations space being

design the area occupied by volume of function to be performed in the building

bath in the interior and exterior spaces which is achieved by the adaptation of

the forms.

The four principles of design namely, rhythm balance, emphasis and

harmony, were also incorporated in the design.

4.5 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT

36
 In conceptualized the design of this facility for inmates, it was first

recognized as having the potential to attract a large number of students in the

lecture theatre. If this facility is to meet the need of all its users, cutting cross

geographical, behavioural, physical and language, the architect must then look

for common grounds of understanding youths in general, which is treading to

the study of the nature of Multiple Lecture Theatre in general.

THE SITE CONCEPT AND ZONING

The concept of the site is based on coming plan. Site planning in its

narrows sense involves the disposition of space for its appropriate use the

position of structures to provide effective relationship (attractive outlooks and

good orientation). The provision of access to structures in attractive and save

main forms are to solve the visual interpretation of the functions, this forms are

geometric in nature.

Zoning at site aims at basically achieving a layout that creates a sensible

relationship of facilities within the Lecture theatre and also within the site in

general circulation spaces are made more open.

Also in order to achieve a respective transition, not only from space to

space but from function or activity to activity. It should be noted that what a

person believes in, is what he has perceived, experienced, thought of and proud.

Hence zoning becomes an important means of achieving an overall comfort in

functionality and service condition of the project.

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38
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 AESTHETIC APPRAISAL OF THE PROPOSED DESIGN

The provision of open spaces, hard and soft landscape elements are all

features that make a lecture theatre an environment to stay an interestingly

beautiful view is not left out of the characterizing element that such a facility

should possess.

The design concept for this lecture theatre accommodation emphases

comfort and pleasing the elevation create a well aesthetic and it also give a

sense of excitement.

The design and construction emphasizes, spacious durable and easy to

maintain space, considering the use these spaces will be put to. Another

important feature is the emphasis on simplicity in the design circulation,

functionality, zoning rehabilitation reformation and integration.

The materials used in the construction of the building are carefully

chosen for their strength, durability of adequate convenience which encourage

discipline and enough comfort.

In all the design requirement regarding the site its location, layout,

services etc. have been weighed and considered and made to evolve a balanced,

pleasure and comfort environment in a functional and beautiful facility for the

student at the lecture theatre.

39
5.1 CONSTRUCTION METHOD

The construction of a building is regarded as a process that has a defined

beginning and an end with limits on cost, time and standard performance.

For a building project to do successfully implemented, the builder

requires, labour, materials plant and machineries. All of which have to be

controlled and proportioned to advantageous rations the materials bought are

stacked on site fr easy access when they are needed in places away from general

circulation. To obtain maximum efficiency on site. There should be laid down

site layout as received to the construction to be executed this will take care of

all post contract preliminaries required for a successful building project.

5.1.1 FOUNDATION

The plan of the foundation is simply derived by loading that is the

bearing capacity of the subsoil the service of a structural engineer to formulate

an economic decision is essential so that he can identify areas in tension and

specify tenuous support requirements the foundation is the base on which the

building is to rest on and transfer its load into the subsoil the foundation system

must distribute vertical load so that the settlement of the building is uniform.

The advice of foundation to be used is determined by the soil type and its load

bearing capacity for the nature of this work it is recommended that raft

foundation to be used since the soil nature loamy with a bearing capacity of

600Kn/m2 a dam proof course is very important to avoid mistune penetration

from ground water.

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5.1.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

A building structure system helps to identify the type of force acting and

their effects which give an insight into how best they can be treated.

5.1.3 DOORS AND WINDOW

They provide for physical and visual penetration of light and sound. They

are classify the sources of ventilation and access to the building. There are many

types of doors and windows the choice of which affects the physical appearance

of the building for this project standard hard wood doors polished to be used for

internal door of admin block, lecture room office, store convenience etc. but

external door would be made of metal doors of a steel frames. The lecture room,

the burglar doors are to be used in internals. The windows would have cross

barts running along the span of the window to serve as burglar proof for

security. The windows in the lectures rooms are made of perforated walls which

is 300mm×240mm with the adnoun windows are 600mm×1000mm width and

height 1500mm×1200mm. Doors are 2100mm in height and width ranges

between 750mm-1800mm for the main entrance doors and all others to

specification.

5.1.4 WALLS AND WALL FINISHED

Walls are vertical planer elements composed of linear bearing elements

along structural and non-structural panels between them. The walls are to be

constructed using hollow sand. Create blocks of 450×224mm in some units

while full concrete walls are to be used in some areas such as lecture theatre.

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The walls of the exterior serve as a protection shield against external elements

such should be durable resistant to environmental conditions to some extent it

should control air slow, moisture sound and wind flow. Internal wall

composition may be load or non-load bearing, but they are basically dividers,

giving privacy or exclusion from other spaces they must be durable and weather

resistant.

The finishes part into consideration because of maintenance walls also

serve the purpose of concealing conduct cable for electrification and pipe fitting

for plumbing. The use of text coat is suggested as well finish, vanish and polish

for panels. It is suggested that the text coat be used painted in cream and green

450mm from the natural ground level. It is also important to note the total

integration of the structure for the purpose of this project; emphasis is made on

durability, cost maintenance, strength, quality of materials and workmanship.

5.1.5 FLOORS AND FLOORS FINISHED

For this facility the floor is made of hard wearing, porous materials such

as granolithic screed floor, tiles terrazzo in places of where it specified.

All of these floor and floors finishing’s are used for easy maintenance and

durability.

5.1.6 ROOF

The general principle of roofs is to perform the function of insulation

strength, fine and weather resistance and to give a beautiful appearance. The

choice of roof in this design is green long span aluminum sheet on timber roof

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trusses. Decking (slab) has to be done before gutter incorporated in the roof

design. The choice of this design is for the function they perform appearance

and aesthetics. The roof should form a focus of attraction from a distance.

5.1.7 CEILING

The recommended exiting type in building without story, the normal

ceilings are recommended non suspended ceilings. The ceilings using timber

framing, in this way non-service can be accommodated within ceiling. The

choice of the ceiling would be an asbestos ceiling.

5.2 SITE CLEARING

Before construction begins, the site is first of all cleared of grass, trees

and often forms of waste not wanted on the site and setting out should be in

accordance to the rules of the town planning authority of such area. The design

takes into consideration important things like orientation of the building in

relation with facilities surrounding the site, keeping in mind the climate factors

that may be utilized or designed against for comfort and adequacy.

5.3 MATERIALS

Materials deal with the properties of a building to satisfy their

performance requirement economic cost, stability deterioration and easy

replacement of materials to be used are of importance to the building, some of

the basic materials to be used for the project are materials such as concrete,

block, cement mortar, steel, iron, wood glass, tiles, paint, roofing sheet, inter log

e.t.c.

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 The properties of these materials are classified generally as physical

chemical and mechanical. The choice made stems from their tested

characterized properties, availability and work ability which breaks down the

construction process to a less tedious operation and this makes the economic

viability of this project lie on the factor which remains the ultimate design

goals.

The concrete material and steel has to be used in construction cells to

provide enough security and some of these materials are:

1. CONCRETE: concrete is an artificial stone resulting from hardening of

a rationally chosen mixture materials such as, water, sand, stone and

aggregate. The mixed together and left to cure or set, which then becomes

concrete when concrete has tensile elements at the base in form of steel

rods which makes concrete stronger, it becomes reinforced concrete.

2. PAINT FINISHES: the purpose of a finishing is to protect; preserve or

enhance the surface to which it is applied. Any recommended paint resist

deterioration of the wall to sunlight, heat, temperature, variation and it

must have a positive psychological effect on its users e.g. a Dulux

weather shield texture paint, it is water and fungi resistant, fire retarded,

durable and economical.

3. CEMENT: The most popular cement in Nigeria is Portland cement, this

project will utilize Portland cement. It is made from a sherry of clay

(silica Alumina and iron oxide) with lime stone (CaCO 3) in a rotating

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 furnace of about 180m in length, the resulting residue after drying is

called clinker and mixed with a small portion of gypsum to retard the

setting and bagged with the performance rating according to the

requirement of BS 12-1958.

4. CONCRETE BLOCK: in this design, concrete blocks are expected to

perform two functions, load bearing and non-load bearing or partition

walls. The load bearing walls transfer load from the roof draw to the

foundation according to BS6073 (26) it recognizes 3 types of blocks

namely; solid, hollow and cellular, with hollow blocks most commonly

used for construction in Nigeria with it size 450×225mm and a range of

thickness of either 225mm or 150mm the same standard stipulates

strength not less than 7N/sq metre as the compressive strength of hollow

block wall.

5. MORTAR: blocks and bricks are bonded with mortal when joining the

mortal is made of sand, cement and water in a certain ratio depending on

the strength of the mortal is too strong it concentrate effect of differential

movement is lesser and wider cracks but for the choice of mortal to be

used is cement mortal in a ratio of 3:1 mix (sand, cement). The sand

should be clean and graded in compliance with BS1200 (28) to give

adequate strength for the mortal to be used for plastering both in wet and

dry periods are should be taken so that water does not weaken the mix

and it doesn’t dry too quickly in respective weather conditions.

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 6. TIMBER: the origin of timber is the trunk of trees recently increase in

knowledge and of improvement of timber use has helped in encouraging

their uses and protection from harmful parasites like fungi, insect and

fire. Timber used in this project work are used in areas such as roofing,

furniture frame work and scaffolding.

5.4 SERVICES

INTRODUCTION

The natural environment does not adequately provide been set out to

provide protection from the elements for the building occupants therefore the

best combination of materials and form develops as a result of technology,

which is now resent in a vast range of building material and product. The aim of

environment control is human comfort which is paramount such that the

psychology of human sensation and perception must be regarded as one of the

basis of environment work. Any improvement in environment condition is

regarded as a worthwhile achievement. The considerable effect which the

building itself has its own environment is not consciously considered nor is it

rewarding to do so the best balance between the use of the building its forms

and construction and the installation present no special problems with an

increased consciousness of economy now present at a very different situation, if

satisfaction is to be achieved it is vital to take into consideration the pattern of

the use of the building will react to the natural environment conditions

installation, form space occupied by installation form by building location of

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plant and distributing ducts. Not only must environmental consideration to be

taken into account in the fundamental design of the building they also must

balance one another, large window give better day lighting and make less heat

during the seasons with high sun and heat intensity for comfort and efficiency

the human body requires to be maintained within a limited range of

environmental conditions.

5.4.1 PLUMBING

Public utility water serves the building but because of inconsistency in

the supply system predominant in the country, private water supply is provided

through dug boreholes, which are generated into the overhead tank by a water

pump. The usual consumption of water approximates to 0.9-0.18 cubic metre

per day, per person for the gardens, p0ipes are used to irrigate the soil with

50mm pipes passed under the garden soil and perforated.

5.4.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

The Nigeria Power Authority must be informed of the estimated electrical

load expected to be consumed on site and a transformer, is necessary to regulate

the coming current.

The electrical engineer to certify that appropriate materials are used

should ensure the service connection used as the switch board, panel board

installation and separate wire circuits used for alarm and cables conducts are

hide in concrete floors, easily and should be well insulated.

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 The risk of fire and electrocution must be guarded against electrical

installations by taking precautions like introducing a circuit breaker, insulation

all conductors are to be covered with insulation materials.

Fusing each section of wiring must be protected by having a fuse wire in

the circuit that will melt at a passage of high voltage unsafe for wiring this

prevents overheating and fore outbreak.

Switch polarity: this has some effect on fuse fixed on the phase side of

the apparatus they control.

Earthling: all metal words could become love if insulation aits, so

earthling is done on the metal works so that heavy current flows to earth and

fuse blown immediately. A power generating set is provided in case of power

failure light is to be installed all over the site in an attractive and natural

manner.

5.4.3 MECHANICAL SERVICE

In planning the layout of mechanical services, there must be adequate

coordination between the various municipal bodies in charge of these services

of a logical and economic plan and installation programme is to be formulated

sewers should be considered due to their low flexibility. The specification as to

duct size, cover and access for any further services should be determined by the

board concerned. All services should be kept away at least 1500mm away from

any tree trunk.

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 A life is to install which require an expert in such an installation to meet

up its requirement and function for adequacy.

5.4.4 FIRE PROTECTION

The principal aim of fire protection is to simplify safe guard lives and

property and this is achieved by:

1. Reducing five incidence

2. Controlling five propagation and spread

3. Providing adequate means of escape for occupation of the building errors

or negligence for the purpose of this project, five security would be taken

care of through fire detection, extinguishing of fire and fire escape means.

FIRE DETECTION: the function of the fire detector is to detect and to

discriminate between absence and presence of fire within a building it should be

too sensitive as to give false alarms but it should be heat detector (point and line

type) smoke detector and flame detector, it should be placed along strategic

parts of the building.

EXTINGUISHING: there are many methods of extinguishing fire, while

the addition of dilatants to the combustion/flame zone stops fire spread. The

method include: coolant concept using water and carbon dioxide, isolation

concept (frame process) and the chemical physical inhibition process that works

by breaking down the chain reaction essential to combustion process the simple

firefighting equipment to be used are:

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1. Soda acid extinguisher, a normal standard of provision for ten liters of

extinguishing capacity for every 250m of floor area.

FIRE ESCAPE MEANS: fire escape means is considered dry proving a

stair case that will inhibit fire spread and the materials used in the staircase

should have a reasonable safety level in controlling fire spread and give the

occupants sufficient time to escape passage to exist are direct and

unobstructed, well it and accessible. This is to satisfy safety measures.

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5.4.5 VENTILATION DESIGN

The ventilation design got rid of excessive heat, moisture and excessive

product such as smokes and dust as close as possible to the point of generation.

The proper orientation is the proposed building i.e in the direction of prevailing

winds (North-East and South-West) coupled with spacious and useful open

spaces afford all the functional part of the building enough natural ventilation,

comfort could be achieved by admitting cool air through vegetation.

Insulation is also avoided through the planting of shrubs and grasses as

well as application of natural shading devices (trees).

5.4.6 WASTE DISPOSAL

Dustbins are cheap methods of refuse disposal on a small scale, but on a

large scale an incinerator is provided for on site to take care of the refuse. It is

positioned away from where wind can propagate the smell and it should be a

solid clay block wall domed.

5.5 GENERAL MAINTENANCE

Maintenance work in real technology is defined as work undertaken to

keep or restore every facility i.e every part of the site and building in an

acceptable standard. For proper working condition to enhance good work

ability, planned maintenance may be highly preventive by providing regular

attention and servicing by the maintenance section in the proposed lecture

theatre accommodation, durable materials are chosen to reduce the time and

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cost of maintenance. Maintenance work will be carried out on an organized

basis or in an emergency when the need arises.

5.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The importance of an achievement is fulfillment in what it was originally

set out to do.

The underlying aim of federal government has always been intended to

provide constructive outlets for information and rehabilitation.

This design through its concept and philosophy (aims and objectives) has

worked at creating a facility for lecture theatre. The aim of this project is to

provide the student with accommodation, conductive, aesthetic balance building

lecture theatre.

The whole idea is kept as simple as possible to meet the taste of the users.

To the best of my ability I believe I have done a though research on the

planning and designing of lecture theatre in different towns and state which

enables me to know about lecture theatre the merit and demerit which help in

my design.

Lastly, this project fulfill my ambition to contribute to the development

of our lecture theatre in the state to reduce the problem facing the students such

as congested.

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 REFERENCES
1. HISTORY AND MEANINBG OF LECTURE THEATRE
Udegbe and Osinowo 1997
Burt (1944)
Adeshina (1975)
Oloruntimileyin (1970)
The encyclopedia Britannica (1988)
Herbert (1984)
Coppersmith (1967)
2. ARCHITECT DATA
By NEUFERT Prefer and Ernst
Third Edition
Publisher-Blackwell Publishing-2000
3. CONSTRUCTION OF BUIDINGS
By R. Barry
108 Pages (2nd Revised Edition)
Year-1999
Publisher-Harper Collins Distribution Services
4. BUILDING PLANNING DESIGNING AS SCHEDULING
By Gurcharan Singh/Jagdish Singh
Published Year 2014 New Edition
Publisher-Standard Publisher Distributors
5. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
By Dr. BC PUNMIA
Er. Ashok Kumar Jain
Dr. Arun Kumar Jian
Latest Reprint-10th Edition
Publisher. ROUTLEDGE.

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APPENDIX

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