Microsoft PowerPoint - M3 Lec 3 4 Traffic Assignment

Dr.
Agnivesh, IIT (BHU) 16-04-2024
CE625 Traffic Engineering and Management
Lecture 3-4
Traffic Assignment (Step 4)

Course Instructor
Indian Institute of
Department of
Technology (BHU)
Civil Engineering
Varanasi
Dr. Agnivesh Pani
1 2
(5) (5) (2) (3)
(8) (4) (4)
6 3
(7) 7 (6) 8 (4)
(6) (5) (4) (5) (7) (5) One Way

(4)
(3) (5) 11 (4)
9 4
(3) 10 (5) (4)
(3)
(8) (5) (5) (5)
(7) (7) (8)
(6) (2)
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(5) 13 (4) 14
(2) (2)
5 Example of a Coded Road Network

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Dr. Agnivesh, IIT (BHU) 16-04-2024
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1 5
2 3
3 4
4 4 5
5 3
6 5 8 5 4
7 2 7 4 7
8 4 6
9 6 3 7
10 4 5 3 5
11 4 5 5 8 5
12 2 7 6
13 8 5 2
14 3 5 4
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 The next step in the process of route

assignment becomes the identification of the
minimum path (shortest path) from zone
centroids.
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The Minimum Path / Shortest Path
The minimum path may be that route of travel,

which has the least accumulation of time,
distance, or other parameters.
The sequence of nodes, which defines the links
comprising the minimum path from a zone-
centroid to the other points of interest (nodal
points) in a network is called the 'tree'.
The tree is determined by starting from the
zone centroid and progressively selecting the
shortest path to the other nodal points in the
network.
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Route Assignment Techniques:
1. All-or-Nothing Assignment
2. Incremental assignment
3. User equilibrium assignment (UE)
4. Dynamic Assignment
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1. All-or-Nothing Assignment:
All-or-Nothing Assignment technique allocates the

entire volume of traffic interchanging between pairs
of zones to the minimum path calculated on the
basis of free-flow link impedances.
After all interchange volumes are assigned, the

flow on a particular link is computed by summing
up all the interzonal flows that happen to include
that link on their minimum paths.
All-or-Nothing Assignment
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

Find Shortest Assign all trips to Continue until
links in the trips between all
route between
shortest route TAZ pairs have
the TAZs
been assigned
Advantages
•Simple
•Inexpensive
•Results easy to understand
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All or Nothing Assignment: Example 1
11
1 2
10
For the network shown in
7 5 7 Figure and the trip distribution
8 matrix given in Table determine
the link flows using the all-or-
10
4 3 nothing assignment technique.
6
The numbers on the links of
1 2 3 4 the network denote the travel
1 0 300 750 350 times and the numbers in the
circles denote the zone
2 200 0 1050 475 numbers.
3 650 1870 0 950
4 1250 350 2050 0
All or Nothing Assignment: Example
Firstly, we need to build minimum tree from each node, considering home node
0 11 300
1 2 1 2
750+350
4 3 17 4 3
350
7
Minimum Path tree for Assigned trips for Node 1

Node 1
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10 0
1 2 200
1 2
1050+475
4 3
7 4 3
13 475

Node 2
14 5
1 2 1 2
650 1870
4 3 4 3
0
6 950+650

Node 3
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8 15
1 2 1 2
1250 350
4 3 4 3
0 10
2050+350

Node 4
300
1 2
200
1100 2020 1542
1900
2750
4 3
2075
Final Assignment
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All or Nothing Assignment

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Incremental Assignment
• It is a process in which fractions of traffic volumes are

assigned in steps
• In each step, a fixed proportion of total demand is
assigned, based on all-or-nothing assignment
• After each step, link travel times are recalculated
based on link volumes
• When there are many increments used, the flows may
resemble an equilibrium assignment
• However, this method does not yield an equilibrium
solution
• Consequently, there will be inconsistencies between
link volumes and travel times that can lead to errors in
evaluation measures
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 Too many vehicles are tend to be assigned to more

attractive routes. This may cause increasing congestion
on these routes and the technique takes no account of
this factor.
 All facilities in the network are not effectively utilized.
 Creates unrealistic flow pattern.
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•Incremental assignment is a process in which fractions of traffic volumes
are assigned in steps.
•In each step, a fixed proportion of total demand is assigned, based on

all-or-nothing assignment.
•After each step, link travel times are recalculated based on link volumes.
When there are many increments used, the flows may resemble an
equilibrium assignment ;
•However, this method does not yield an equilibrium solution.

Consequently, there will be inconsistencies between link volumes and
travel times that can lead to errors in evaluation measures.
•Also, incremental assignment is influenced by the order in which

volumes for O-D pairs are assigned, raising the possibility of additional
bias in results.
 Traffic assignment is the last stage of traffic demand modeling. There are
different types of traffic assignment models.
 All-or-nothing, User-equilibrium, and System-optimum assignment models

are the commonly used models.
 All-or-nothing model is often an impractical model since only one path

between every O-D pair is utilised and they can give satisfactory results only
when the network is least congested.
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©SCULPT{Lab}, IIT (BHU) Varanasi (https://www.sculptlab.in/) Dr. Agnivesh Pani
Thank You!
“You cannot do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it
will be too late.”
― Ralph Waldo Emerson
CE625 Traffic Engineering and Management 35
CE621 18

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Dr.

Agnivesh, IIT (BHU) 16-04-2024

CE625 Traffic Engineering and Management

Traffic Assignment (Step 4)

(6) (5) (4) (5) (7) (5) One Way

5 Example of a Coded Road Network

 The next step in the process of route

The Minimum Path / Shortest Path

The minimum path may be that route of travel,

Route Assignment Techniques:

All-or-Nothing Assignment technique allocates the

After all interchange volumes are assigned, the

Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

All or Nothing Assignment: Example 1

All or Nothing Assignment: Example

Minimum Path tree for Assigned trips for Node 1

All or Nothing Assignment: Example

Minimum Path tree for Assigned trips for Node 2

All or Nothing Assignment: Example

Minimum Path tree for Assigned trips for Node 3

All or Nothing Assignment: Example

Minimum Path tree for Assigned trips for Node 4

All or Nothing Assignment: Example

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

All or Nothing Assignment

• It is a process in which fractions of traffic volumes are

 Too many vehicles are tend to be assigned to more

 All facilities in the network are not effectively utilized.

 Creates unrealistic flow pattern.

•In each step, a fixed proportion of total demand is assigned, based on

•However, this method does not yield an equilibrium solution.

•Also, incremental assignment is influenced by the order in which

 All-or-nothing, User-equilibrium, and System-optimum assignment models

 All-or-nothing model is often an impractical model since only one path

©SCULPT{Lab}, IIT (BHU) Varanasi (https://www.sculptlab.in/) Dr. Agnivesh Pani

CE625 Traffic Engineering and Management 35

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