Electrochemistry The free energy change was then plotted

against the temperature in Kelvin to determine ▲H and

▲S graphically, shown in Figure 3 below. Figure 2 shows
how they were calculated using the slope and
Δ G =−TΔS+ΔHequation 2 Where ▲S was from the
slope and ▲H was from the y-intercept. ▲H was then
solved an alternate way, using the equation
Δ G =ΔH−TΔSequation 3 At the temperature 347.9K, or
74.9 degrees Celsius. Figure 3: A graph of ▲G, free
energy change, vs Temperature Kelvin. The main source
of error within this experiment came from the voltmeters.
In this experiment, the original voltmeter used for the first
four data points died after noting the fourth data point, at
45 degrees Celsius. After trying a new voltmeter, the last
two data points were major outliers as their voltages did
not match the trend, and there therefore excluded in the
graph. This is also why the room temperature was not
used for the ▲H calculation, and instead another more
accurate data point was used. Throughout this experiment,
many voltmeters measured inaccurately, causing major
systematic error. A way to fix this would be to have more
accurate voltmeters. Conclusion Electrochemistry is an
important branch of chemistry in which the concept of the
voltaic cell falls under. In these types of cells,
spontaneous chemical reactions are used to do work. One
Electrochemistry of these cells may be set up by
connecting an anode and a cathode with a salt bridge
while measuring voltage with a voltmeter. For the first
part of this experiment, three of these cells were set up in
order to find the reduction half-cell potentials of lead and
zinc, given the value of copper to be 0.34V. It was
determined that with copper and zinc, copper was the
anode and zinc the cathode, with copper and lead copper
the anode and lead the cathode, and with lead and zinc,
zinc the anode and lead the cathode. The reduction half-
cell potential for zinc found to be -0.769V and for lead -
0.143V. For the next part, the ▲H and ▲S were
determined graphically from the experimental data of a
temperature study of a copper-lead pair cell. The system
was placed in a heated water bath and voltages recorded
at 10 degree intervals. This data was used to find the ▲G
at each temperature. This was then plotted against the
temperature in kelvin, where the slope was used to find
the ▲S and the ▲H found through the y-intercept. The
▲H was then solved an alternate way, using the free
energy equation, represented in equation 3. This
experiment was designed to apply the concepts of
electrochemistry to determine the reduction half-cell
potentials for zinc and lead experimentally given the
value for copper, and to graphically determine enthalpy
and entropy of a lead and copper redox reaction through
experimental values of free energy.