ENGL 221

Instruction Manual Final Submission

Memo
To: Prof. Stacy Embry
From: Abdulla Nabeel Saif
Subject: How to build & setup a desktop computer
Date: 10/04/23

Topic
Building a desktop computer from scratch can be challenging, especially for those who need more technical
expertise. However, with the right tools and guidance, one can set up a high-quality desktop computer that
meets their needs. This instruction manual provides a comprehensive list of components and step-by-step
instructions to guide the build and setup of a desktop computer.

Challenge
One challenge that could be anticipated in developing the instructions for building a desktop computer is
ensuring that the steps are clear and easy for someone with little technical expertise. It's essential to break
down complex actions into smaller, more manageable ones and use clear language and visual aids to make
the process as easy to understand as possible.

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
 Tools Components

Phillips-head screwdriver Computer case

Flat-head screwdriver Power supply unit (PSU)

Pliers Motherboard

Cable ties Central processing unit (CPU)

Thermal paste CPU cooler

Anti-static wrist strap

Random-access memory (RAM)
(optional but recommended)

Storage drives (hard disk drive or solid-state

drive)

Graphics processing unit (GPU)

Operating system (OS) installation media

(DVD or USB)

figure 1
(Computer Hardware Basics and its Components,2016)

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
Before beginning the assembly process, it is essential to follow these steps:
- Read all instructions thoroughly to ensure that you have a clear understanding of the process.
- Check that all components are present and in good condition. Refer to the component list in this
manual and scrutinize each item before proceeding with the assembly.
- Use an anti-static wrist strap to avoid electrostatic discharge (ESD) when handling electronic
components if available. While this tool is optional, preventing damage to the components is highly
recommended.

Once you have completed these steps, you can begin with Step 1 of the assembly process, which involves
preparing the computer case for installation.
figure 2
(Parts of a Computer,2013)
Step 1: Begin by preparing the case for installation by removing any
side panels or covers using a Phillips-head screwdriver or a flat-head
screwdriver as needed. Identify the motherboard, power supply, and
storage drive locations by referring to the computer case manual or
online resources. Use pliers to remove any cables or wires that may be
in the way.

Step 2: Install the power supply unit (PSU). Check the PSU's voltage settings to ensure it matches your
region's voltage. Place the PSU inside the computer case, ensuring the fan faces the right direction (either
towards the outside or the case's ventilation). Secure the PSU in place using screws provided with the PSU or
computer case.

Step 3: Connect the PSU to the motherboard. Locate the 20+4 pin or 24-pin connector on the PSU and plug it
into the corresponding socket on the motherboard. Be sure to connect it securely, as a loose connection can
cause instability or damage.

Step 4: Install the CPU and CPU cooler onto the motherboard. First, release the retention lever and lift the
CPU socket cover. Then, carefully align the CPU with the socket, ensuring that the notches on the CPU line up
with the notches on the socket. Gently lower the socket cover and secure it with the retention lever. Next, apply
a small amount of thermal paste to the top of the CPU. Install the CPU cooler onto the CPU, ensuring it is
properly aligned and secured with screws or brackets.

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
Step 5: Install the CPU and CPU cooler onto the motherboard. First, release the retention lever and lift the
CPU socket cover. Then, carefully align the CPU with the socket, ensuring that the notches on the CPU line up
with the notches on the socket. Gently lower the socket cover and secure it with the retention lever. Next, apply
a small amount of thermal paste to the top of the CPU. Install the CPU cooler onto the CPU, ensuring it is
properly aligned and secured with screws or brackets.
Step 6: Connect the storage drives. Mount the storage drives (HDD or SSD) in the appropriate drive bays or
brackets, and secure them with screws. Connect the SATA data cables from the drives to the motherboard and
the SATA power cables from the PSU to the drives.
figure 3
(How Motherboards Work, 2005)
Step 7: Connect the graphics card to the motherboard. Locate the PCIe
slot on the motherboard closest to the CPU, and remove the
corresponding expansion slot cover from the back of the computer case.
Carefully insert the graphics card into the slot, applying gentle pressure
until it clicks into place. Secure the graphics card in place with screws or a
locking latch.

Step 8: Connect all the cables from the PSU to the components. This
includes the CPU power connector (4+4 pin or 8-pin), PCIe power connectors for the graphics card, SATA
power connectors for storage drives, and any additional connectors for fans or other components. Be sure to
route the cables neatly, as this can improve airflow and cooling.
Step 9: Connect the computer case to the motherboard and PSU. Locate the front panel connectors (such as
power and reset buttons, LEDs, and audio jacks) and connect them to the corresponding pins on the
motherboard. Refer to the motherboard manual for the correct pin layout. Connect any case fans to the
appropriate fan headers on the motherboard.
Step 10: Secure all components in place. Double-check that all parts are securely connected and fastened.
Close the side panels and secure them with screws.
Step 11: Install the operating system (OS) installation media. Insert the OS installation DVD or USB drive into
the motherboard's optical drive or USB port. Restart the computer and enter the BIOS setup utility. Change the
boot order to prioritize the DVD or USB drive, and save the changes before exiting the BIOS. The computer
should boot from the OS installation media, allowing you to follow the on-screen instructions to install the OS.
Step 12: Connect the necessary peripherals to the computer. Ensure that the computer is powered off before
connecting any peripherals. Connect speakers or headphones to the audio jack, a webcam to a USB port, and
a printer to the USB or Ethernet port, if needed. Be gentle when plugging in connectors to avoid damaging the
ports.
Step 13: Connect the computer to a monitor. Choose the appropriate cable (HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, or VGA)
based on your monitor and graphics card. Make sure the cable is securely connected to both the computer and
monitor. Tighten the screws on the cable connectors, if applicable, to prevent accidental disconnection.
Step 14: Connect the computer to a keyboard and mouse. Use wired or wireless devices based on your
preference. For wireless devices, ensure the batteries are charged, and the USB receiver is plugged into an
available USB port.

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
Step 15: Connect the computer to a router or modem. Use an Ethernet cable to connect the computer to the
router or modem for a wired connection. Ensure the cable is securely plugged into both devices. For a wireless
connection, you will need to configure the Wi-Fi settings during the OS setup or in the OS settings after the
initial boot.
Step 16: Turn on the computer and boot up the OS. Before turning on the computer, double-check that all
cables are correctly connected and that the power supply's voltage setting matches your region. Turn on the
computer and monitor. If the computer doesn't boot or displays an error message, retrace your steps to identify
any issues.
figure 4
(Does Your Computer Have a Virus? Here’s How to Check, 2022)
Step 17: Perform a virus scan on the computer. Install a reputable antivirus
(Norton, Bitdefender, Kaspersky, and McAfee) program and ensure it's
current. Run a full system scan to detect and remove any potential threats.
Regularly update your antivirus software to maintain optimal security.
(Windows Security interface with built-in antivirus protection,
showcasing real-time scanning and threat detection to safeguard the computer against viruses and
other malware.)
Step 18: Set up a secure firewall on the computer. Most operating systems come with a built-in firewall.
Ensure it's enabled and configured correctly to protect your computer from unauthorized access. Keep your
OS and security software updated to protect against the latest threats.
figure 5
(8 Best PC Benchmark Software in 2023,2023)
Step 19: Run a benchmarking test to ensure optimal performance.
Install a reputable benchmarking tool and run tests to evaluate the
performance of your CPU, GPU, RAM, and storage drives.
Compare the results to similar systems to ensure your computer
performs as expected. If the version is subpar, troubleshoot
issues, such as updating drivers or adjusting BIOS settings.

Step 20: Make sure all components are adequately cooled. Monitor the temperatures of your CPU, GPU, and
other components using a hardware monitoring tool. Ensure that all fans are functioning correctly and that
airflow is unobstructed. If temperatures are higher than recommended, consider reseating the CPU cooler,
adding additional case fans, or improving cable management to increase airflow. Proper cooling is crucial for
system stability and longevity.

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
Conclusion:
Constructing a desktop computer from scratch is a daunting task. However, with the right tools and guidance in
this instruction manual, anyone can successfully build and set up a high-quality desktop computer tailored to
their needs. By following the step-by-step instructions, component selection, and troubleshooting tips provided,
users can assemble a reliable and efficient system. Additionally, by implementing proper security measures
and performance monitoring, users can ensure the longevity and stability of their custom-built desktop
computer, providing them with a solid foundation for productivity, gaming, or any other computing needs.

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.
 References

Hoffman, C. (2022, October 10). Does Your Computer Have a Virus? Here’s How to Check. How-to

Geek. https://www.howtogeek.com/441321/does-your-computer-have-a-virus-heres-how-to-check/

https://www.howstuffworks.com/tracy-v-wilson-author.htm, & https://www.howstuffworks.com/about-

author.htm. (2005, July 20). How Motherboards Work. HowStuffWorks.

https://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard1.htm

Parts of a Computer - Rinkal Bansil C Sharp 2013. (2013). Sites.google.com.

https://sites.google.com/site/rinkalbansilcsharp2013/home/term-1/unit-1/computer-parts

Rehan, A. (2022, June 3). 8 Best PC Benchmark Software in 2023. Geekflare. https://geekflare.com/pc-

benchmark-software/

What is Computer Hardware? Computer Hardware Components | InforamtionQ.com. (2016, July 24).

INFORAMTIONQ. https://informationq.com/computer-hardware-basics-and-its-components/

worldwide.erau.edu
All rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written consent of the University.