VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

“ALARAM SYSTEM FOR THE SAFETY OF TODDLERS BASED ON IOT”

Submitted by:
ABHISHEK KOTALWAR (3GN20CS002)
AKSHAY MUNIGIAL (3GN20CS005)
ATMALING HUNAJE (3GN20CS014)
RAKSHITHA GADGI (3GN20CS070)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Ashwini Mankal

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIDAR

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Serial No. Contents Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 PROBLEM STATEMNETS 2

3 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

4 METHODOLOGY 7

5 EXPECTED OUTCOME 11

6 REFERENCES 12
 ABSTRACT

The safety of toddlers is of paramount importance in any household or childcare setting. This abstract
outlines the concept of an alarm system designed specifically to enhance the safety of toddlers. The
proposed system leverages modern technology to provide real-time monitoring and immediate alerts to
caregivers, ensuring that toddlers are safeguarded from potential hazards.

The Alarm System for Toddler Safety consists of a network of sensors strategically placed in areas where
toddlers frequent, such as doorways, staircases, and rooms with potential risks. These sensors can detect
various environmental factors, including changes in temperature, motion, and hazardous conditions.
Additionally, the system may incorporate wearable devices, such as smart bracelets or badges, for the
toddlers to further enhance safety monitoring.

The system's central control unit processes data from the sensors and wearables, continuously analyzing
the environment. When it detects any potential danger or irregularities, such as a door opening, a sudden
change in room temperature, or a toddler straying into a restricted area, it triggers alarms and
notifications. These alerts can be sent via a smartphone app, SMS, or email to designated caregivers,
ensuring they can respond swiftly to the situation.

The Alarm System for Toddler Safety offers several key features to enhance toddler protection, including:

Real-time Monitoring: Caregivers can monitor the child's activities and the environment in real-time
through a user-friendly mobile app, which also provides remote access to camera feeds if integrated.

Customizable Alerts: The system allows caregivers to customize alert thresholds and notifications,
ensuring that they receive timely alerts for specific situations.

Geofencing: Geofencing capabilities help prevent toddlers from wandering too far from designated safe
areas and trigger alerts when they do.
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

An alarm system for the safety of toddlers is designed to provide an additional layer of protection to ensure the
well-being of young children. Toddlers are naturally curious and tend to explore their surroundings, making it
crucial for parents and caregivers to implement safety measures. An alarm system can be an effective tool to alert
caregivers when a child is in a potentially unsafe situation. Here's an introduction to an alarm system tailored for
toddler safety:

1.1 Preventing Wandering:

The primary purpose of a toddler safety alarm system is to prevent wandering. Toddlers may wander into
dangerous areas or leave a secure space, and an alarm can alert caregivers to such situations promptly.

1.2 Door and Window Alarms:

Install alarms on doors and windows that lead to potentially unsafe areas. These alarms can be triggered when a
door or window is opened, alerting caregivers if a child attempts to access restricted areas.

1.3 Proximity Sensors:

Use proximity sensors to create virtual boundaries within the home. If a child crosses these boundaries, the alarm is
triggered. This is particularly useful for areas like stairs or kitchens.

1.4 Wearable Devices:

Consider using wearable devices, such as smart bracelets or anklets, that are equipped with alarm features. These
devices can be programmed to trigger an alert if the child moves beyond a set distance from a designated receiver.

1.5 Mobile App Integration:

Some alarm systems can be integrated with mobile apps, allowing caregivers to receive real-time alerts on their
smartphones. This feature adds convenience and ensures that caregivers are promptly informed, even if they are not
in the immediate vicinity.

1.6 Adjustable Sensitivity:

Provide adjustable sensitivity settings to cater to the specific needs of each family. Some toddlers may be more
adventurous than others, and a customizable alarm system can be tailored accordingly.

1.7 Audible and Visual Alerts:

Include audible alarms and, if possible, visual alerts to ensure that caregivers are immediately aware of a potential
safety issue. This can include loud sounds, flashing lights, or notifications on connected devices.
CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Ensuring the safety of toddlers is of paramount importance as they are naturally curious and prone to
exploring their environment, which can lead to potentially dangerous situations. The problem at hand is
the need for an effective and reliable alarm system designed specifically for the safety of toddlers. This
alarm system aims to address the following challenges and concerns:

2.1 Wandering and Unsupervised Access:

Toddlers are known to wander into unsafe areas, such as kitchens, stairs, or outdoor spaces, when left
unsupervised. The challenge is to develop an alarm system that detects and alerts caregivers when a
toddler gains access to restricted areas.

2.2 Accidental Egress:

Preventing accidental egress is crucial, especially in homes with doors and windows that lead to busy
streets or other hazardous environments. The alarm system needs to be capable of detecting when a door
or window is opened, triggering an immediate alert to caregivers.

2.3 Customizable Boundaries:

Families have different home layouts and safety concerns. The alarm system should provide a
customizable solution, allowing caregivers to set specific boundaries within the home and receive alerts if
a toddler crosses these boundaries.

2.4 Reliability and Minimal False Alarms:

The alarm system must be reliable to avoid false alarms, which could lead to desensitization of
caregivers. Ensuring that the system accurately distinguishes between normal toddler behavior and actual
safety threats is essential.

2.5 Wearable Device Integration:

Developing wearable devices, such as smart bracelets or anklets, that integrate seamlessly with the alarm
system. These wearables should be comfortable for toddlers to wear and capable of triggering alarms if
the child moves beyond a predetermined distance from a central receiver.

CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Reference Papers

Y Sai Subhash Reddy et al. “An Automated Baby Monitoring System”, Volume-10 Issue-6 August-
2021.

Abstract (existing system)

This framework can recognize child’s movements and helps in detecting audio particularly crying using a
sound sensor and infant’s current position using a Pi camera. Sensor is provided to measure temperature
variations of the baby.

Limitations or Research gaps

• The proposed system can only detect the movement of the baby and not the obstacle in front of the
baby.
• It can also detect only fever symptoms but not the surrounding temperature ( like hot vessel).

3.2 Reference Papers

Mohammad Zulhafiz Md Isa et al. “Children Security and Tracking System Using Bluetooth and GPS
Technology”, 16 April 2020.

Abstract (existing system)

This is a child-tracking system where an alarm will alert the parents when their child goes missing. It will
trigger when the Bluetooth connection is lost and uses GPS signal to track the child.

Limitations or Research gaps

• This proposed system comes in handy only when the child is outdoors and does not help in the
safety of a toddler in a household environment.
3.3 Reference Papers

N. Senthamilarasi et al. “Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT”, 2019.

Abstract (existing system)

This system helps parents monitor their child's safety. It detects the location of child with the help of GPS
and GSM. It uses pulse sensors, temperature sensor, web camera and Raspberry pi microprocessor.

Limitations or Research gaps

• GPS needs high speed data and satellite communication. It's difficult to monitor location when
there occurs any hindrance to satellite or any network issue.
• It does not provide prevention from dangers that may occur within the house.

3.4 Reference Papers

Waheb A. Jabbar et al. “IoT-BBMS: Internet of Things-Based Baby Monitoring System for Smart
Cradle”, volume 7, July 12, 2019.

Abstract (existing system)

This system helps parents to look after their babies with the help of cradle. It has wifi controller board,
four channel relay modules, sound sensors module, mini fan, DC geared motor, wireless camera.

Limitations or Research gaps

• Requires improved GUI system in laptops , PCs and smartphones to monitor and control functions
of system
• Wireless camera can only be accessed when it is connected to the same network or same WiFi.

3.5 Reference Papers

P Divya et al. “Arduino Based Obstacle Detecting System”, ICARI 2020.

Abstract (existing system)

This system detects both movable and immovable obstacles, with help of servo motors. This uses
ultrasonic sensors, camera module, and Arduino micro-controller for the above process.

Limitations or Research gaps

• Using a camera module leads to complex coding and displaying obstacles on screen is not
required here.
• Absence of alarm system, which is a better alerting method.

3.6 Reference Papers

Bannuru Ranjeeth et al. “Smart Child Safety Wearable Device”, 2020.

Abstract (existing system)

This device (gadget) promotes child security from dangers like missing and abducts, using pulse sensors,
temperature sensors and a GPS tracker.

Limitations or Research gaps

• Useful for parents or caretakers to keep track of children outside the house, but it does not provide
prevention from dangers that may occur within the house.
OBJECTIVE

This alarm system, using Arduino, aims to do the following:

• To keep track of the baby’s activities and make the task of working parents easier.
• Obstacle detection for prevention of injuries, using an ultrasonic sensor.
• Temperature detection of the surroundings, using a temperature sensor.
• To provide an inexpensive method to achieve the above, thereby making it an affordable option to
all parents.
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY

Fig 4.1: Arduino based set up

Methodology for Toddler Safety Alarm System Using Temperature Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino,
and Buzzer:

4.1 Temperature Sensor Integration:

1. Purpose: Monitor the ambient temperature to ensure the toddler's comfort and safety, especially in
situations where extreme temperatures could pose a risk.

2. Implementation: Connect a temperature sensor (e.g., DS18B20) to the Arduino board.

3. Data Processing: Use the Arduino to read temperature values from the sensor.

4. Threshold Setting: Establish temperature thresholds for normal and potentially unsafe conditions.

5. Alert Triggering: If the temperature exceeds the defined threshold, activate the alarm system to
alert caregivers.

4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor Setup:

1. Purpose: Detect the presence and proximity of obstacles or potential hazards in the toddler's
surroundings.
2. Implementation: Mount an ultrasonic sensor (e.g., HC-SR04) on a strategic location on the
toddler's wearable or within the immediate vicinity.

3. Data Acquisition: Program the Arduino to collect distance data from the ultrasonic sensor.

4. Safe Zone Definition: Establish a safe distance range around the toddler using the ultrasonic
sensor readings.

5. Alert Generation: If the toddler approaches or moves beyond the safe zone, trigger the alarm
system using the buzzer.

4.3 Arduino Control Unit:

1. Integration: Use the Arduino board as the central control unit for the entire system.

2. Sensor Data Processing: Implement code to process data from both the temperature sensor and
ultrasonic sensor.

3. Decision Making: Incorporate logic to determine when the temperature or proximity readings
indicate a potential risk.

4. Alert Activation: Develop algorithms to activate the buzzer and other alert mechanisms based on
the detected risks.

4.4 Buzzer Activation:

1. Alert Signaling: Connect a buzzer to the Arduino to serve as the audible alert component of the
system.

2. Alert Types: Design the system to produce distinct alarm patterns or frequencies for different types
of alerts (e.g., high temperature, proximity breach).

3. Customization: Allow for adjustable volume levels or mute options based on user preferences.

This methodology combines temperature sensing, obstacle detection, and user-friendly interfaces to create
a comprehensive Toddler Safety Alarm System. Our ALARM SYSTEM is a simple Arduino based set up
which uses an ultrasonic sensor and a temperature sensor to measure distance from obstacles and
surrounding temperature, respectively. It uses a buzzer to act as an alarm in case of unwanted variations
in the surroundings, with respect to the safety of toddlers.
 Fig 4.2: Working Process

4.5 Components and Placement:

1. Toddlers: Start the diagram by depicting toddlers or child figures in the environment to be
monitored. These figures represent the children being safeguarded.

2. Sensors: Place icons representing motion sensors near doors, windows, staircases, and other critical
areas where toddlers may be at risk.

3. Cameras: Show camera symbols in various locations throughout the house or childcare facility.
These cameras are used for video surveillance.

4. Wearable Devices: Illustrate toddlers wearing small devices or bracelets on their wrists or ankles to
represent wearable safety devices.

5. Mobile Devices: Draw smartphones or tablets held by caregivers, signifying the devices they carry
to receive alerts and monitor the system.
6. Connections:

Use lines or arrows to connect the sensors to a central control unit. This central control unit processes
sensor data.

Draw lines from the sensors to the central control unit, showing how they send signals or data when
activated.

Connect the central control unit to the caregivers' mobile devices to indicate how alerts are transmitted.

Show a two-way connection between the central control unit and the wearable devices to demonstrate that
these devices can both send and receive information.

7. Alerts

Use symbols such as exclamation marks, bells, or speech bubbles to represent alerts or notifications that
caregivers receive on their mobile devices.

Indicate various types of alerts, such as motion detected, door opened, video feed, or temperature
warning, depending on the specific features of the system.

8. Geofencing:

If your system includes geofencing, show a dotted line or a boundary around the toddler's area to indicate
this feature. Arrows can demonstrate how alerts are triggered when the boundary is crossed.

9. Environmental Sensors:

If your system includes environmental sensors (e.g., smoke or CO detectors), place icons for these sensors
near areas where they are installed.

10. Panic Buttons:

If panic buttons are part of the system, illustrate these on the caregivers' mobile devices or as physical
buttons that can be pressed in emergencies.

11. Voice/Sound Detection:

Represent voice or sound detection by drawing sound waves or a microphone symbol connected to the
central control unit.

Ensure that your diagram is clear and easy to understand, with labels explaining the purpose and
functionality of each component. This diagram visually conveys how the alarm system for the safety of
toddlers works, from sensors detecting movement to caregivers receiving alerts and monitoring the
children's well-being.
CHAPTER 5
EXPECTED OUTCOME

1. Accident Prevention: The alarm system should help in preventing accidents and incidents that
could harm toddlers, such as falls down stairs, access to hazardous areas, or exposure to extreme
temperatures.

2. Immediate Alerting: Caregivers and parents should receive immediate alerts when a potential
danger is detected. This quick response can prevent accidents or incidents from escalating.

3. Peace of Mind: The system should provide peace of mind to caregivers, allowing them to focus
on other tasks while knowing that they will be alerted if their toddler is in danger.

4. Customizability: Caregivers should be able to customize the system's settings and alerts to suit
their specific needs and the toddler's behavior.

5. Reduced Supervision Stress: The system should reduce the stress associated with constant
supervision, allowing caregivers to engage in other activities with the knowledge that they will be
alerted if necessary.

6. Location Tracking: If the system includes location tracking, caregivers should be able to
quickly locate a wandering toddler within the premises, increasing the chances of a safe and swift
recovery.

7. Data Logging: The system may log data related to toddler activity and safety incidents, which
can be valuable for reviewing and improving safety protocols over time.

8. Geofencing: Geofencing capabilities can help ensure that toddlers stay within defined safe zones,
further reducing the risk of accidents.

9. Education and Awareness: The use of such a system can also serve as an educational tool,
teaching caregivers about potential hazards and best safety practices for toddlers.

10. Emergency Response: In extreme cases, the system can be expected to facilitate an immediate
emergency response, such as notifying medical professionals or authorities in situations where the
toddler's safety is compromised.

11. Improved Overall Toddler Well-Being: The outcome of the system should ultimately result
in a safer and healthier environment for toddlers, where they can explore and learn without
unnecessary risks.

12. Reduction in Accidents and Injuries: The primary expected outcome is a notable reduction
in accidents, injuries, and potential life-threatening situations for toddlers.
 REFERENCES

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354221158_An_Automated_Baby_Monitoring_System
Y Sai Subhash Reddy et al. “An Automated Baby Monitoring System”, Volume-10 Issue-6
August-2021.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9068542
Mohammad Zulhafiz Md Isa et al. “Children Security and Tracking System Using Bluetooth and
GPS Technology”, 16 April 2020.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
337309815_Child_Safety_Monitoring_System_Based_on_IoT
N. Senthamilarasi et al. “Child Safety Monitoring System Based on IoT”, 2019.