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CIE IGCSE Biology

Revision Notes

IGCSE Biology CIE Revision Notes 20. Human Influences on Ecosystems

20.1 Human Impact: Biodiversity, Pollution & Conservation 20.1.4 Other Pollution

20.1.4 Other Pollution 1. Characteristics …

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2. Organisation of …

3. Movement into …

4. Biological Mole…

5. Enzymes

04:47 6. Plant Nutrition

7. Human Nutrition
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8. Transport in Plants

Plastic Pollution
9. Transport in Ani…
Plastics have a large negative impact on both land and water
habitats due to their non-biodegradability
In marine habitats: 10. Diseases & Im…
Animals often try to eat plastic or become caught in it, leading
to injuries and death
As the plastic breaks down it can release toxins that a!ect 11. Gas Exchange i…
marine organisms
Once it has broken down into very small particles, it is
commonly ingested by animals and enters the food chain 12. Respiration

On land:
Plastic is generally disposed of by burying in landfills
13. Excretion in Hu…
As it breaks down, it releases toxins into the surrounding soil and
as such the land is no good for growing crops or grazing
animals and can only be used for building on several decades
after burial 14. Coordination & …

15. Drugs

Air Pollution
16. Reproduction
Acid Rain

Combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulfur impurities creates

sulfur dioxide 17. Inheritance
This is released into the atmosphere where it combines with oxygen
to form sulfur trioxide
Sulfur trioxide dissolves in water droplets in clouds and forms acid 18. Variation & Sele…
rain

19. Organisms & Th…

20. Human Influen…

20.1 Human Im…

Feedback

20.1.1 Ensuring Food

Supply

20.1.2 The Importance of

Biodiversity
Methane and Carbon Dioxide
Both gases insulate the Earth and act as a 'blanket' around the
atmosphere 20.1.3 Water Pollution

Higher levels of both have led to global warming and climate change
Human activity has increased levels of both gases in the atmosphere
20.1.4 Other Pollution
Burning fossil fuels increases carbon dioxide
Keeping livestock generates methane gas
Global warming melts the permafrost in sub-polar regions, 20.1.5 Sustainability
which results in even more trapped methane being released into
the atmosphere
20.1.6 Endangered

Species

20.1.7 Reasons for

Conservation: Extended

21. Biotechnology …

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Author: Lára
Lára graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has now been a science
tutor working in the UK for several years. Lára has a particular interest in the area of infectious
disease and epidemiology, and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop
confidence and facilitate learning.

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